Project 4049: M. Heingård, G. Musser, S. A. Hall, J. A. Clarke. 2021. New Remains of Scandiavis mikkelseni Inform Avian Phylogenetic Relationships and Brain Evolution. Diversity. 13 (12):651.
Specimen: † Scandiavis mikkelseni (NHMD/625345:NHMD 625345)
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Abstract

Although an increasing number of studies are combining skeletal and neural morphology data in a phylogenetic context, most studies do not include extinct taxa due to the rarity of preserved endocasts. The early Eocene avifauna of the Fur Formation of Denmark presents an excellent opportunity for further study of extinct osteological and endocranial morphology as fossils are often exceptionally preserved in three dimensions. Here, we use X-ray computed tomography to present additional material of the previously described taxon Scandiavis mikkelseni and reassess its phylogenetic placement using a previously published dataset. The new specimen provides novel insights into the osteological morphology and brain anatomy of Scandiavis. The virtual endocast exhibits a morphology comparable to that of modern avian species. Endocranial evaluation shows that it was remarkably similar to that of certain extant Charadriiformes, yet also possessed a novel combination of traits. This may mean that traits previously proposed to be the result of shifts in ecology later in the evolutionary history of Charadriiformes may instead show a more complex distribution in stem Charadriiformes and/or Gruiformes depending on the interrelationships of these important clades. Evaluation of skeletal and endocranial character state changes within a previously published phylogeny confirms both S. mikkelseni and a putative extinct charadriiform, Nahmavis grandei, as charadriiform. Results bolster the likelihood that both taxa are critical fossils for divergence dating and highlight a biogeographic pattern similar to that of Gruiformes.


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Article DOI: 10.3390/d13120651

Project DOI: 10.7934/P4049, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4049
This project containsMatrices
  • 9 Media
  • 1 Matrix
  • 1 Document
  • 1 Folio
  • 60 Taxa
  • 1 Specimen
  • 721 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 293.34M

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 33687
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 721
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 2165
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:718/3
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MorphoBank Project 4049

    This research
    supported by

    Authors' Institutions

    • Lund University

    • University of Texas at Austin



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media media
    notes
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    Grace Musser
    Project Administrator
    60110721000033687
    (33686, 0, 1)
    00000
    Miriam Heingard
    Full membership
    0085000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    00000


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27612' (60 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
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    scored
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    [1] Crypturellus undulatus
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    10062162100002
    [2] Tinamus solitarius
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    9662562500002
    [3] Lophura bulweri
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    8563663600002
    [4] Chauna torquata
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    7165065000002
    [5] Anas platyrhynchos
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    7564664600002
    [6] Mergus serrator
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    9762462400002
    [7] Gallus gallus
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    5466766700002
    [8] Gavia immer
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    6565665600002
    [9] Spheniscus humboldti
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    7264964900002
    [10] Phoenicopterus chilensis
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    5366866800002
    [11] Podiceps cristata
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    8963263200002
    [12] Caprimulgus carolinensis
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    8164064000002
    [13] Eudromias ruficollis
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    6865365300002
    [14] Jacana jacana
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    5366866800002
    [15] Haematopus ostralegus
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    6465765700002
    [16] Burhinus bistriatus
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    4367867800002
    [17] Charadrius semipalmatus
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    2869269201002
    [18] Vanellus coronatus
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    8663563500002
    [19] Chionis alba
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    6166066000002
    [20] Pluvianus aegyptius
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    7364864800002
    [21] Larus atricilla
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    3069169100002
    [22] Recurvirostra avosetta
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    9063163100002
    [23] Stercorarius longicaudus
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    4168068000002
    [24] Thinocorus rumicivorous
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    11061161100002
    [25] Turnix nigricollis
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    13558658600002
    [26] † IGM 100/1435
    Last Modified in 12/09/21
    7138800002
    [27] † Scandiavis mikkelseni
    Last Modified in 12/09/21
    47824324300002
    [28] † Nahmavis grandei
    Last Modified in 12/09/21
    52919219200002
    [29] † Salmila robusta
    Last Modified in 12/09/21
    58413713700002
    [30] Opisthocomus hoazin
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    6265965900002
    [31] Phaethon aethereus
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    5366866800002
    [32] Psophia crepitans
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    6265965900002
    [33] Aramus guarana
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    6265965900002
    [34] Balearica regulorum
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    6465765700002
    [35] Grus japonensis
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    8663563500002
    [36] Podica senegalensis
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    26545645600002
    [37] Heliornis fulica
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    7764464400002
    [38] Heliopais personata
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    47224924900002
    [39] Sarothrura lugens
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    39732432400002
    [40] Sarothrura pulchra
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    8463763700002
    [41] Himantornis haematopus
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    6365865800002
    [42] Habroptila wallacii
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    8263963900002
    [43] Gallicrex cinerea
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    6765465400002
    [44] Canirallus oceleus batesi
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    31540640600002
    [45] Aramides cajanea
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    5366866800002
    [46] Rallus longirostris
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    5866366300002
    [47] Gallinula chloropus
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    5666566500002
    [48] Porphyrula martinica
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    7165065000002
    [49] † Pellornis mikkelseni
    Last Modified in 12/09/21
    54717417400002
    [50] † Messelornis cristata
    Last Modified in 12/09/21
    43129029000002
    [51] † Songzia acutunguis
    Last Modified in 12/09/21
    58613513500002
    [52] Eurypyga helias
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    5067167100002
    [53] Rhynochetos jubatus
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    6765465400002
    [54] Chlamydotis macqueenii
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    12959259200002
    [55] Cariama cristata
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    7964264200002
    [56] Chunga burmeisteri
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    14857357300002
    [57] Columba livia
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    5266966900002
    [58] Cathartes burrovianus
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    10461761700002
    [59] Leptosomus discolor
    Last Modified in 08/04/21
    9262962900002
    [60] † SMF av 619
    Last Modified in 12/09/21
    7156600002


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    Project overview671
    Media views3420Media search (1318 views); M823595 (337 views); M824026 (222 views); M824024 (235 views); M822859 (234 views); M823596 (230 views); M823597 (220 views); M824027 (199 views); M824028 (229 views); M824029 (196 views);
    Matrix views441Matrix landing page (408 views); Morphological Matrix (33 views);
    Taxon list4030
    Specimen list733
    Views for media list1195
    Folio views534Folio list (313 views); CT Data TIFFS (221 views);
    Documents list389
    Bibliography278




    Project downloads

    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project55
    Matrix downloads14Morphological Matrix (14 downloads);
    Project downloads32
    Media downloads9M824024 (3 downloads); M823595 (2 downloads); M824026 (1 download); M824027 (1 download); M824028 (1 download); M824029 (1 download);