Project 1092: J. Chen, G. S. Bever, H. Yi, M. A. Norell. 2016. A burrowing frog from the late Paleocene of Mongolia uncovers a deep history of spadefoot toads (Pelobatoidea) in East Asia. Scientific Reports. 6 (19209):1-7.
Abstract
Fossils are indispensible in understanding the evolutionary origins of the modern fauna. Crown-group spadefoot toads (Anura: Pelobatoidea) are the best-known fossorial frog clade to inhabit arid environments, with species utilizing a characteristic bony spade on their foot for burrowing. Endemic to the Northern Hemisphere, they are distributed across the Holarctic except East Asia. Here we report a rare fossil of a crown-group spadefoot toad from the late Paleocene of Mongolia. The phylogenetic analysis using both morphological and molecular information recovered this Asian fossil inside the modern North American pelobatoid clade Scaphiopodidae. The presence of a spade and the phylogenetic position of the new fossil frog strongly support its burrowing behavior. The late Paleocene age and other information suggestive of a mild climate cast doubt on the conventional assertion that burrowing evolved as an adaptation to aridity in spadefoot toads. Temporally and geographically, the new fossil provides the earliest record of Scaphiopodidae worldwide, and the only member of the group in Asia. Quantitative biogeographic analysis suggests that Scaphiopodidae, despite originating in North America, dispersed into East Asia via Beringia in the Early Cenozoic. The absence of spadefoot toads in East Asia today is a result of extinction.This research is funded by the Division of Paleontology at the American Museum of Natural History and NSF EAR 0959384Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1038/srep19209
Project DOI: 10.7934/P1092, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P1092
This project contains | Matrices |
---|---|
Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 3184 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 97 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 240 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:97/0 |
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 1092
MorphoBank Project 1092
- Creation Date:
09 December 2013 - Publication Date:
13 June 2016 - Project views: 29895
- Matrix downloads: 8
Authors' Institutions
- Columbia University
- University of Edinburgh
- American Museum of Natural History
- New York Institute of Technology
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Jianye Chen Project Administrator | 29 | 0 | 0 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Gabe Bever Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Suzann Goldberg Full membership | 20 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3184 (3184, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Mark Norell Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Hong-yu Yi Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M23961' (49 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Triadobatrachus massinoti Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 38 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[2] † Czatkobatrachus polonicus Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 86 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[3] † Prosalirus bitis Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 71 | 27 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[4] † Vieraella herbsti Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 48 | 50 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[5] † Notobatrachus degiustoi Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 26 | 73 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[6] Ascaphus truei Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 10 | 87 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[7] Leiopelma hochstetteri Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 7 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[8] Alytes obstetricans Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 9 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[9] Barbourula busuangensis Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 8 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[10] Bombina orientalis Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 4 | 94 | 93 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[11] Discoglossus pictus Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 3 | 95 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[12] † Eodiscoglossus santonjae Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 44 | 54 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[13] † Callobatrachus sanyanensis Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 40 | 57 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[14] † Mesophryne beipiaoensis Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 45 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[15] Pipa pipa Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 7 | 94 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[16] Xenopus Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 6 | 94 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[17] Rhinophrynus dorsalis Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 11 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[18] † Palaeobatrachus diluvianus Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 35 | 64 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[19] † Neusibatrachus wilferti Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 55 | 43 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[20] Meristogenys Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[21] Hyla Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 12 | 87 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[22] Rana Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[23] Limnodynastes peronii Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 11 | 89 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[24] † Yizhoubatrachus macilentus Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 53 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[25] Pelodytes caucasicus Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 9 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[26] Pelodytes punctatus Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 10 | 87 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[27] Pelodytes ibericus Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 10 | 87 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[28] Megophrys nasuta Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 18 | 80 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[29] Xenophrys Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[30] Leptobrachium Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[31] Leptolalax Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[32] Brachytarsophrys feae Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[33] † Elkobatrachus brocki Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 43 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[34] † Prospea holoserisca Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 33 | 66 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[35] Spea multiplicata Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 5 | 93 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[36] Spea hammondii Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 16 | 81 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[37] Spea intermontana Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 5 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[38] Spea bombifrons Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 4 | 93 | 93 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[39] Scaphiopus hurterii Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 12 | 85 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[40] Scaphiopus holbrookii Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 8 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[41] Scaphiopus couchii Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 9 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[42] † Macropelobates osborni Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 44 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[43] Eopelobates anthracinus Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 36 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[44] † Pelobates decheni Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 54 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[45] Pelobates varaldii Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 13 | 84 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[46] Pelobates cultripes Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 5 | 94 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[47] Pelobates fuscus Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 4 | 95 | 93 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[48] Pelobates syriacus Last Modified in 05/03/16 | 12 | 85 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[49] † Gobiates spinari Last Modified in 06/13/16 | 38 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 29895 | |
Project overview | 2514 | |
Media views | 5750 | Media search (3530 views); M411471 (550 views); M411472 (523 views); M411473 (578 views); M411474 (569 views); |
Taxon list | 14490 | |
Matrix views | 1885 | Matrix landing page (1572 views); Chen's Published Frog Matrix (313 views); |
Specimen list | 1982 | |
Bibliography | 2020 | |
Documents list | 1254 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 254 | |
Matrix downloads | 8 | Chen's Published Frog Matrix (8 downloads); |
Document downloads | 4 | (4 downloads); |
Project downloads | 242 |