Project 1102: G. Billet, C. D. Muizon. 2013. External and internal anatomy of a petrosal from the late Paleocene of Itaboraí, Brazil, referred to Notoungulata (Placentalia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (2):455-469.
Abstract
We describe the earliest petrosal bone referred to the South American endemic Notoungulata, from the late Paleocene-early Eocene Beds of Itaboraí, which provides a critical basis for assessing their enigmatic origins. As indicated by our phylogenetic analysis, the fossil belongs to a taxon most likely close to the ancestral root of the Notoungulata. We describe the entire external anatomy of this isolated ear bone and also investigate the bony labyrinth of the inner ear through computed tomographic scan reconstruction. Within Notoungulata, the specimen retains a number of features considered plesiomorphic, such as a narrow medial flange on the tympanic surface, the presence of a petromastoid canal, and a rather deep fossa subarcuata. We also present a survey of the petrosal anatomy of early diverging notoungulates compared with other members of Eutheria. Features regarded as plesiomorphic in Notoungulata comprise a low stapedial ratio, a cavity for the trigeminal ganglion, a secondary crus commune, a ramus superior of stapedial artery (although reduced) and arteria diploëtica magna, and the tegmen tympani pierced by a canal. Derived features include notably a laterally located tensor tympani fossa, a bean-shaped promontorium and adjoining flattened medial flange, and a stapedial fossa poorly separated from the postpromontorial tympanic sinus. A number of derived notoungulate characters are interestingly shared with the extant hyrax Procavia. Further investigation of this anatomical region in other eutherians is required in order to fully exploit the phylogenetic potential of our new observations. This is especially needed for other groups of South American endemic ungulates possibly related to Notoungulata.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2013.722153
Project DOI: 10.7934/P1102, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P1102
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 6317 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 143 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 301 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:143/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 1102
MorphoBank Project 1102
- Creation Date:
17 December 2013 - Publication Date:
27 February 2014 - Project views: 42873
- Matrix downloads: 21
Authors' Institutions
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Natural History Museum, Paris)
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn (University of Bonn)
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 62 | 1 | 1 | 143 | 0 | 0 | 6317 (5807, 0, 510) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Maureen Admin Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Guillaume Billet Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M2418' (61 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Leptictis Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 6 | 108 | 108 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[2] † Phenacodus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 5 | 102 | 102 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[3] † Meniscotherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 3 | 105 | 105 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[4] † Protolipterna Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 100 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[5] † Proterotherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 9 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[6] † Trigonostylops Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 19 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[7] † Astrapotherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 8 | 97 | 96 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[8] † Pyrotherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 40 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[9] † Notostylops Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 4 | 135 | 135 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[10] † Henricosbornia Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 101 | 40 | 40 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[11] † Simpsonotus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 25 | 116 | 116 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[12] † Pleurostylodon Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 15 | 127 | 126 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[13] † Thomashuxleya Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 41 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[14] † Pampahippus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 82 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[15] † Periphragnis Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 9 | 133 | 132 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[16] † Ryphodon Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 52 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[17] † Puelia Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 51 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[18] † Leontinia Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 16 | 124 | 124 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[19] † Colpodon Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 24 | 116 | 116 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[20] † Ancylocoelus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 42 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[21] † Scarittia Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 34 | 107 | 107 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[22] † Homalodotherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 15 | 125 | 125 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[23] † Asmodeus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 65 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[24] † Rhynchippus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 13 | 129 | 129 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[25] † Eurygenium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 57 | 85 | 85 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[26] † Pascualihippus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 60 | 83 | 82 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[27] † Eomorphippus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 73 | 71 | 69 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[28] † Morphippus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 32 | 110 | 110 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[29] † Argyrohippus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 33 | 110 | 109 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[30] † Nesodon Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 10 | 131 | 130 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[31] † Adinotherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 8 | 133 | 132 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[32] † Hoffstetterius Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 38 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[33] † Ponanskytherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 35 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[34] † Toxodon Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 37 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[35] † Colbertia Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 29 | 114 | 113 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[36] † Oldfieldthomasia Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 16 | 125 | 125 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[37] † Campanorco Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 47 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[38] † Acropithecus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[39] † Ultrapithecus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 98 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[40] † Notopithecus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 9 | 130 | 130 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[41] † Archaeophylus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 122 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[42] † Cochilius Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 43 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[43] † Plagiarthrus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 51 | 87 | 87 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[44] † Protypotherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 19 | 120 | 119 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[45] † Miocochilius Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 49 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[46] † Interatherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 33 | 104 | 104 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[47] † Federicoanaya Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 38 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[48] † Trachytherus Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 13 | 128 | 128 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[49] † Plesiotypotherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 26 | 104 | 104 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[50] † Mesotherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 30 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[51] † Eohyrax Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 90 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[52] † Pseudhyrax Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 74 | 67 | 67 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[53] † Archaeotypotherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 61 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[54] † Archaeohyrax Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 11 | 131 | 130 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[55] † Prohegetotherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 55 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[56] † Hegetotherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 29 | 113 | 112 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[57] † Prosotherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 53 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[58] † Paedotherium Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 40 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[59] † MNHN-F-BRD 23 Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 136 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[60] † Zalambdalestes Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 2 | 103 | 103 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[61] † Macrauchenia Last Modified in 02/06/14 | 13 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 42873 | |
Media views | 7050 | Media search (6146 views); M323551 (904 views); |
Project overview | 4208 | |
Matrix views | 3365 | Matrix landing page (3018 views); Billet and De Muizon Matrix (347 views); |
Specimen list | 3396 | |
Taxon list | 20057 | |
Bibliography | 2418 | |
Documents list | 2378 | |
Views for media list | 1 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 390 | |
Matrix downloads | 21 | Billet and De Muizon Matrix (21 downloads); |
Project downloads | 368 | |
Document downloads | 1 | Copyright Permission (1 download); |