Project 2131: P. Cong, X. Ma, X. Hou, G.D. Edgecombe, N.J. Strausfeld. 2014. Brain structure resolves the segmental affinity of anomalocaridid appendages. Nature. 513 (7519):538-542.
Abstract
Despite being among the most celebrated taxa from Cambrian biotas, anomalocaridids (order Radiodonta) have provoked intense debate about their affinities within the moulting-animal clade that includes Arthropoda. Current alternatives identify anomalocaridids as either stem-group euarthropods1, 2, 3, crown-group euarthropods near the ancestry of chelicerates4, or a segmented ecdysozoan lineage with convergent similarity to arthropods in appendage construction5. Determining unambiguous affinities has been impeded by uncertainties about the segmental affiliation of anomalocaridid frontal appendages. These structures are variably homologized with jointed appendages of the second (deutocerebral) head segment, including antennae and ‘great appendages’ of Cambrian arthropods, or with the paired antenniform frontal appendages of living Onychophora and some Cambrian lobopodians. Here we describe Lyrarapax unguispinus, a new anomalocaridid from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota, southwest China, nearly complete specimens of which preserve traces of muscles, digestive tract and brain. The traces of brain provide the first direct evidence for the segmental composition of the anomalocaridid head and its appendicular organization. Carbon-rich areas in the head resolve paired pre-protocerebral ganglia at the origin of paired frontal appendages. The ganglia connect to areas indicative of a bilateral pre-oral brain that receives projections from the eyestalk neuropils and compound retina. The dorsal, segmented brain of L. unguispinus reinforces an alliance between anomalocaridids and arthropods rather than cycloneuralians. Correspondences in brain organization between anomalocaridids and Onychophora resolve pre-protocerebral ganglia, associated with pre-ocular frontal appendages, as characters of the last common ancestor of euarthropods and onychophorans. A position of Radiodonta on the euarthropod stem-lineage implies the transformation of frontal appendages to another structure in crown-group euarthropods, with gene expression and neuroanatomy providing strong evidence that the paired, pre-oral labrum is the remnant of paired frontal appendages1.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1038/nature13486
Project DOI: 10.7934/P2131, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2131
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 1136 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 55 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 120 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:55/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 2131
MorphoBank Project 2131
- Creation Date:
13 March 2015 - Publication Date:
16 March 2015 - Project views: 33235
- Media downloads: 2
- Matrix downloads: 7
Authors' Institutions
- Natural History Museum, London
- University of Arizona
- Yunnan University
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Jo Wolfe Project Administrator | 32 | 1 | 2 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 1136 (998, 0, 138) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Greg Edgecombe Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Xiaoya Ma Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M23255' (32 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Caenorhabditis Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 9 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[2] Priapulus Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 9 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[3] † Aysheaia Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 20 | 32 | 32 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[4] † Kerygmachela Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 14 | 39 | 39 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[5] † Pambdelurion Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 17 | 36 | 36 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[6] † Opabinia Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 18 | 35 | 35 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[7] † Caryosyntrips Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 30 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[8] † Anomalocaris kunmingensis Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 31 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[9] † Amplectobelua stephenensis Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 30 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[10] † Amplectopbelua symbrachiata Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 9 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[11] † Lyrarapax unguispinus Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 17 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[12] † Anomalocaris canadensis Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 0 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[13] † NIGP 154565 Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[14] † Anomalocaris saron Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 5 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[15] † Anomalocaris cf saron nevada Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[16] † Anomalocaris balang Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 32 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[17] † Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[18] † Anomalocaris cf canadensis emu bay Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 29 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[19] † Anomalocaris pennsylvanica Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 27 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[20] † Tamisiocaris borealis Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[21] † Anomalocaris briggsi Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[22] † Fezouata hurdiid Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 33 | 23 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[23] † Peytoia nathorsti Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 2 | 53 | 52 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[24] † Schinderhannes Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 15 | 41 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[25] † Cf peytoia balang Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 33 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[26] † Hurdia victoria Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 6 | 49 | 48 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[27] † Hurdia cf victoria utah Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 22 | 33 | 32 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[28] † Stanleycaris hirpex Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 26 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[29] † Hurdia sp b burgess rom Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 28 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[30] † Hurdia sp b utah Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 27 | 28 | 27 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[31] † Chengjiangocaris Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 1 | 30 | 30 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[32] † Olenoides Last Modified in 03/13/15 | 2 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 33235 | |
Project overview | 3906 | |
Media views | 7091 | Media search (5439 views); M374424 (845 views); M374425 (807 views); |
Taxon list | 12589 | |
Matrix views | 2952 | Matrix landing page (2536 views); Anomalocaridid brain matrix (416 views); |
Specimen list | 2785 | |
Views for media list | 3906 | |
Documents list | 5 | |
Bibliography | 1 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 353 | |
Matrix downloads | 7 | Anomalocaridid brain matrix (7 downloads); |
Project downloads | 344 | |
Media downloads | 2 | M374424 (1 download); M374425 (1 download); |