Project 2202: A. Ziegler, J. Lenihan, L. G. Zachos, C. Faber, R. Mooi. 2016. Comparative morphology and phylogenetic significance of Gregory’s diverticulum in sand dollars (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida). Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 16 (1):141-166.
Abstract
Several derived sand dollar (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida) families are characterized by the presence of Gregory's diverticulum, an accessory organ of the digestive tract. This soft tissue structure is composed of a central tubular caecum that gives off multiple lobes into the periphery of the test. Most notable are the organ's capacity to selectively store sand grains that the animal has taken up from the surrounding sediment as well as the gradual reduction of Gregory's diverticulum during ontogeny. Several aspects of the biology of this structure have remained unexplored, including the organ's precise morphology and structural diversity. In order to provide a concise basis for future histological, physiological, and functional analyses, a comprehensive comparative morphological and phylogenetic study across numerous taxa was undertaken. Taxon sampling comprised over one hundred clypeasteroid species, including various fossil taxa. This extensive dataset permits establishing a concise terminology that incorporates all of the organ's substructures. In addition, three-dimensional models of Gregory's diverticulum are presented that provide an improved spatial understanding of the organ's morphology in situ. The combined data from dissection, X-ray imaging, micro-computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging reveal a previously unknown variability of the structure, which also yields several phylogenetically informative morphological characters. Among those sand dollar families that possess Gregory's diverticulum, the organ is present in two distinct shapes, which can be distinguished by the number, shape, and location of substructures. In addition, the data provide unequivocal evidence that Gregory's diverticulum is absent in the extant taxa Rotulidae and Astriclypeidae, but also in the enigmatic Marginoproctus.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1007/s13127-015-0231-9
Project DOI: 10.7934/P2202, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2202
This project contains |
---|
Download Project SDD File |
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 2202
MorphoBank Project 2202
- Creation Date:
24 June 2015 - Publication Date:
04 August 2015 - Project views: 180815
- Media downloads: 77
Authors' Institutions
- Harvard University
- Universitaet Muenster (Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster)
- University of Mississippi
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn (University of Bonn)
- California Academy of Sciences
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | media notes |
Alexander Ziegler Project Administrator | 46 | 95 | 262 | 262 |
Cornelius Faber Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Seth Kaufman | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Jennifer Lenihan Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Rich Mooi Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Louis G. Zachos Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Project has no matrices defined.
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 180815 | |
Project overview | 4993 | |
Media views | 106899 | Media search (6721 views); M379914 (677 views); M379917 (719 views); M379948 (595 views); M379933 (590 views); M379929 (649 views); M379920 (772 views); M379919 (712 views); M379950 (594 views); M379943 (643 views); M379939 (608 views); M379930 (637 views); M379944 (637 views); M379956 (687 views); M379945 (616 views); M379923 (666 views); M379922 (743 views); M379927 (633 views); M379951 (624 views); M379935 (626 views); M379938 (623 views); M379924 (659 views); M379958 (814 views); M379953 (655 views); M379947 (641 views); M379931 (640 views); M379955 (599 views); M379954 (608 views); M379942 (614 views); M379926 (616 views); M379932 (644 views); M379940 (652 views); M379925 (622 views); M379941 (631 views); M379918 (680 views); M379949 (630 views); M379936 (637 views); M379960 (584 views); M379937 (613 views); M379957 (634 views); M379921 (637 views); M379959 (595 views); M379928 (611 views); M379934 (633 views); M379952 (608 views); M379946 (626 views); M379994 (570 views); M379971 (541 views); M380011 (534 views); M379998 (545 views); M379989 (523 views); M380008 (526 views); M380013 (626 views); M379974 (541 views); M379975 (533 views); M379962 (568 views); M379990 (560 views); M379985 (505 views); M379977 (537 views); M380014 (601 views); M379995 (673 views); M380007 (543 views); M379983 (524 views); M380015 (529 views); M380003 (641 views); M379973 (521 views); M379979 (594 views); M380002 (564 views); M379963 (571 views); M380000 (551 views); M379992 (523 views); M379970 (582 views); M379978 (516 views); M380012 (537 views); M380009 (534 views); M379968 (539 views); M379965 (543 views); M379982 (513 views); M379967 (530 views); M379997 (519 views); M380157 (328 views); M380076 (315 views); M380036 (329 views); M380149 (320 views); M380145 (306 views); M379993 (587 views); M379988 (556 views); M380001 (608 views); M379987 (545 views); M379976 (548 views); M379964 (578 views); M380010 (519 views); M379999 (534 views); M379986 (542 views); M379980 (588 views); M379984 (515 views); M379996 (505 views); M379972 (497 views); M379961 (556 views); M380006 (516 views); M379991 (595 views); M379981 (632 views); M379969 (537 views); M380004 (650 views); M379966 (557 views); M380005 (575 views); M380024 (291 views); M380174 (304 views); M380077 (281 views); M380143 (298 views); M380042 (317 views); M380168 (307 views); M380038 (335 views); M380153 (292 views); M380017 (312 views); M380159 (310 views); M380029 (312 views); M380033 (321 views); M380075 (315 views); M380026 (296 views); M380090 (309 views); M380053 (295 views); M380068 (339 views); M380066 (311 views); M380052 (296 views); M380170 (302 views); M380169 (305 views); M380166 (312 views); M380059 (310 views); M380063 (343 views); M380073 (295 views); M380146 (314 views); M380016 (297 views); M380070 (317 views); M380049 (309 views); M380067 (309 views); M380046 (323 views); M380064 (307 views); M380043 (292 views); M380051 (317 views); M380035 (308 views); M380028 (295 views); M380155 (301 views); M380019 (315 views); M380037 (294 views); M380151 (302 views); M380065 (329 views); M380156 (290 views); M380055 (307 views); M380158 (288 views); M380048 (320 views); M380160 (305 views); M380056 (306 views); M380018 (296 views); M380148 (307 views); M380032 (326 views); M380161 (294 views); M380060 (302 views); M380147 (303 views); M380165 (310 views); M380171 (308 views); M380034 (316 views); M380022 (323 views); M380284 (329 views); M380286 (333 views); M380324 (43 views); M380273 (291 views); M380282 (290 views); M380309 (45 views); M380297 (42 views); M380269 (335 views); M380316 (35 views); M380271 (312 views); M380315 (48 views); M380321 (34 views); M380311 (41 views); M380320 (45 views); M380178 (338 views); M380283 (318 views); M380296 (43 views); M380303 (47 views); M380300 (35 views); M380177 (470 views); M380080 (302 views); M380144 (293 views); M380074 (312 views); M380054 (312 views); M380079 (321 views); M380050 (311 views); M380142 (335 views); M380164 (296 views); M380072 (327 views); M380163 (311 views); M380173 (279 views); M380058 (292 views); M380152 (313 views); M380081 (311 views); M380167 (304 views); M380027 (284 views); M380020 (313 views); M380069 (323 views); M380041 (316 views); M380172 (293 views); M380021 (307 views); M380150 (312 views); M380057 (302 views); M380039 (314 views); M380040 (310 views); M380047 (299 views); M380045 (309 views); M380031 (334 views); M380154 (298 views); M380025 (293 views); M380071 (318 views); M380030 (293 views); M380078 (327 views); M380044 (306 views); M380062 (321 views); M380023 (298 views); M380061 (331 views); M380162 (311 views); M380308 (38 views); M380314 (40 views); M380289 (38 views); M380291 (56 views); M380272 (328 views); M380301 (41 views); M380287 (314 views); M380279 (382 views); M380298 (49 views); M380280 (325 views); M380294 (42 views); M380304 (39 views); M380306 (48 views); M380179 (345 views); M380175 (297 views); M380307 (45 views); M380288 (352 views); M380295 (37 views); M380318 (37 views); M380319 (29 views); M380281 (338 views); M380323 (36 views); M380310 (56 views); M380285 (312 views); M380313 (42 views); M380275 (320 views); M380325 (45 views); M380278 (343 views); M380302 (45 views); M380290 (41 views); M380274 (306 views); M380292 (39 views); M380305 (35 views); M380277 (338 views); M380293 (43 views); M380312 (57 views); M380299 (34 views); M380276 (322 views); M380270 (359 views); M380322 (46 views); M380317 (39 views); M380176 (328 views); |
Bibliography | 1194 | |
Taxon list | 13730 | |
Specimen list | 53982 | |
Documents list | 17 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 426 | |
Project downloads | 349 | |
Media downloads | 77 | M379919 (3 downloads); M379923 (3 downloads); M379929 (1 download); M380283 (3 downloads); M379996 (1 download); M379917 (1 download); M379918 (1 download); M380301 (3 downloads); M380302 (3 downloads); M380304 (3 downloads); M380305 (3 downloads); M380285 (1 download); M380286 (1 download); M380299 (1 download); M380316 (1 download); M380318 (1 download); M380319 (1 download); M380321 (1 download); M380324 (1 download); M380325 (2 downloads); M379920 (2 downloads); M379921 (2 downloads); M379922 (2 downloads); M379924 (2 downloads); M379926 (1 download); M379977 (1 download); M379976 (1 download); M379975 (1 download); M379974 (1 download); M379973 (1 download); M379972 (1 download); M379971 (1 download); M380048 (1 download); M380049 (1 download); M380050 (1 download); M380051 (1 download); M380052 (1 download); M380053 (1 download); M380054 (1 download); M380282 (1 download); M380281 (1 download); M380280 (1 download); M380279 (1 download); M380278 (1 download); M380277 (1 download); M380276 (1 download); M380275 (1 download); M380274 (1 download); M380273 (1 download); M380272 (1 download); M380271 (1 download); M380270 (1 download); M380269 (1 download); M379997 (1 download); M379998 (2 downloads); M379914 (1 download); M380303 (1 download); |