Project 2359: G. W. Rothwell, R. A. Stockey. 2016. Phylogenetic diversification of Early Cretaceous seed plants: The compound seed cone of Doylea tetrahedrasperma. American Journal of Botany. 103 (5):923-937.
Abstract
ABSTRACT• Premise of the study: Discovery of cupulate ovules of Doylea tetrahedrasperma within a compact, compound seed cone highlights the rich diversity of fructification morphologies, pollination biologies, post-pollination enclosure of seeds, and systematic diversity of in Early Cretaceous gymnosperms.
• Methods: Specimens were studied from anatomical sections prepared by the cellulose acetate peel technique; three-dimensional visualizations were rendered using AVIZO, and phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters were performed using TNT.
• Key results: Doylea tetrahedrasperma has bract/fertile short shoot complexes that are helically arranged within a compact seed cone of compound structure. Individual complexes diverge from the axis as a single unit, and separate distally into a free bract tip and two sporophylls of an axillary fertile shoot. Each sporophyll bears a single, abaxial seed, recurved toward the cone axis, that is enveloped after pollinaton by scale tissue, forming a closed cupule. Ovules are pollinated by bissacate grains that are captured by micropylar pollination horns, and enter the pollen chamber through a narrow micropyle. A phylogenetic analysis of seed plants helps to clarify the systematic affinities of this plant.
• Conclusions: The unique combination of characters shown by Doylea tetrahedrasperma includes the presence of cupulate seeds borne in conifer-like compound seed cones, an ovuliferous scale analogue that is also structurally equivalent to the ovulate stalk of Ginkgo biloba, gymnospermous pollination, and nearly complete enclosure of mature seeds. These features characterize the Doyleales ord. nov., clearly distinguish it from the seed fern order Umkomasiales, and allow for recognition of another recently described Early Cretaceous seed plant as a second species of Doylea. A morphological phylogenetic analysis of seed plants highlights systematic relationships of the Doyleales ord. nov., and emphasizes the explosive phylogenetic diversification of gymnosperms that was underway during the time interval when flowering plants may have originated and/or first began to radiate.
Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600030
Project DOI: 10.7934/P2359, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2359
This project contains | Matrices |
---|---|
Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 4540 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 111 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 287 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:111/0 |
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 2359
MorphoBank Project 2359
- Creation Date:
12 February 2016 - Publication Date:
25 May 2016 - Project views: 25257
- Media downloads: 1
- Matrix downloads: 75
Authors' Institutions
- Ohio University
- Oregon State University
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Gar Rothwell Project Administrator | 42 | 0 | 1 | 111 | 0 | 0 | 4540 (3315, 0, 1225) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
MorphoBank Curator Full membership | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M23745' (42 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Aneurophyton Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Archaeopteris Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Cecropsis Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Elkinsia Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Heterangium Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 77 | 77 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] † Lyginopteris Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Callistophyton Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Quaestora Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Medullosa Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 78 | 77 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] Ginkgo Last Modified in 02/12/16 | 0 | 93 | 92 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Emporia Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] Pinus Last Modified in 02/12/16 | 0 | 97 | 96 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] Podocarpus Last Modified in 02/12/16 | 0 | 95 | 94 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] Taxus Last Modified in 02/12/16 | 0 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] † Cordaixylon Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 81 | 81 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] † Mesoxylon Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] † Corystosperms Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 74 | 73 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Peltasperms Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 1 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 67 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] † Glossopteris Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 74 | 73 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] † Caytonia Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] Cycadaceae Last Modified in 02/12/16 | 0 | 99 | 99 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] Zamiaceae Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 99 | 98 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † Bennettitales Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 85 | 80 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Pentoxylon Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 1 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] Ephedra Last Modified in 02/12/16 | 0 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] Welwitschia Last Modified in 02/12/16 | 0 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] Gnetum Last Modified in 02/12/16 | 0 | 87 | 86 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] Magnoliaceae Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 102 | 100 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] Eupomatia Last Modified in 02/12/16 | 0 | 96 | 96 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] Austrobaileya Last Modified in 02/12/16 | 0 | 99 | 99 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] Chloranthaceae Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 92 | 90 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] Laurales Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 93 | 93 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] Winteraceae Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] Eudicots Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 101 | 95 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] Aristolochioideae Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 96 | 96 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] Piperaceae Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 98 | 96 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] Nymphaeales Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 96 | 93 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] Monocots Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 92 | 90 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] † Charcoalified seeds Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 95 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] Doylea tetrahedrasperma Last Modified in 02/12/16 | 44 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] Doylea mongolica Last Modified in 02/12/16 | 62 | 34 | 34 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] † Petriellales Last Modified in 05/31/16 | 44 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 25257 | |
Project overview | 2943 | |
Matrix views | 2451 | Matrix landing page (2090 views); Doylea cone matrix (361 views); |
Media views | 4804 | Media search (4125 views); M423755 (679 views); |
Taxon list | 10404 | |
Bibliography | 979 | |
Specimen list | 2250 | |
Views for media list | 1420 | |
Documents list | 6 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 380 | |
Matrix downloads | 75 | Doylea cone matrix (75 downloads); |
Project downloads | 304 | |
Media downloads | 1 | M423755 (1 download); |