Project 2439: M. Martínez-Cáceres, O. Lambert, C. d. Muizon. 2017. The anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of Cynthiacetus peruvianus, a large Dorudon-like basilosaurid (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru. Geodiversitas. 39 (1):7-163.
Abstract
Cynthiacetus peruvianus is a Dorudon-like basilosaurid (Cetacea, Basilosauridae), being one of the largest members of the family. The holotype of this species is a sub-complete skeleton, which comes from the late Eocene (Priabonian) of the Otuma Formation on the southern coast of Peru. A thorough description of this specimen is presented here. C. peruvianus differs from the other species of the genus (C. maxwelli) in having fewer accessory cusps on the distal and mesial edges of p3 and p4. Its skull shows the general pattern of the basilosaurid skull, which is relatively monotonous across the whole family, but it is much larger than those of Dorudon and Zygorhiza, and slightly smaller and distinctly more slender than that of Basilosaurus. The most characteristic features of C. peruvianus stand on the postcranial skeleton: it presents large vertebrarterial foramina on the cervical vertebrae; it lacks a ventral expansion of the transverse processes of C3-C5; it presents the greatest number of thoracic vertebrae (20) observed in cetaceans; and its first thoracics have an almost vertical neural spine. The second part of the monograph is devoted to evolutionary trends and phylogenetic relationships of Archaeocetes with a special focus on Basilosauridae. Some of the major trends considered concern, the rostrum morphology, the asymmetry of the rostrum, the supraorbital region, the neurocranium, the pelvic girdle and hind limb, and the chevrons. A parsimony analysis confirms the monophyly of the Basilosauridae, which are supported by four unambiguous synapomorphies: the presence of well-defined embrasure pits between the upper incisors, a narrow palate anterior to P4, a cleft on the mesial edge of the lower molars, and more than 13 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast with previous hypotheses, in which Saghacetus was the sister taxon of the Pelagiceti, the results of our analysis reveal this taxon as the most basal basilosaurid. In all the analyses performed Cynthiacetus forms a clade with Dorudon and Basilosaurus, being almost constantly the sister taxon of Basilosaurus.Key words: Basilosauridae, Late Eocene, Peru, Anatomy, Phylogeny
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Article DOI: 10.5252/g2017n1a1
Project DOI: 10.7934/P2439, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2439
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 2098 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 101 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 275 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:6/95 |
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MorphoBank Project 2439
MorphoBank Project 2439
- Creation Date:
06 June 2016 - Publication Date:
28 September 2017 - Project views: 20025
- Matrix downloads: 20
Authors' Institutions
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Natural History Museum, Paris)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC, Paris VI (Pierre and Marie Curie University)
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
- Sorbonne Université
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | media notes | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||||||
Christian Muizon Project Administrator | 41 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 101 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2098 (2098, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Olivier Lambert Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M24324' (32 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Pakicetidae Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 41 | 62 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Ambulocetidae Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 67 | 34 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Remingtonocetidae Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 41 | 61 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Artiocetus clavus Last Modified in 09/28/17 | 34 | 68 | 67 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Rodhocetus kasrani Last Modified in 09/28/17 | 26 | 77 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] † Carolinacetus gingerichi Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 65 | 37 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Protocetus atavus Last Modified in 09/28/17 | 36 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Georgiacetus vogtlensis Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 13 | 89 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Basilosaurus cetoides Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 8 | 93 | 93 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Basilosaurus isis Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 26 | 76 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Dorudon atrox Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 5 | 99 | 96 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Zygorhiza kochii Last Modified in 09/28/17 | 12 | 93 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] † Cynthiacetus peruvianus Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 1 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] † Chrysocetus healyorum Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 78 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] † Saghacetus osiris Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 28 | 74 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] † Ancalecetus simonsi Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 64 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] † MUSM 1917 Last Modified in 09/28/17 | 37 | 65 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Mammalodon colliveri Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 36 | 66 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] † Janjucetus hunderi Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 32 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] † Aetiocetus weltoni Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 32 | 71 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] † Aetiocetus cotylalveus Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 39 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] † Chonecetus goedertorum Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 41 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † ChM pv 5720 Last Modified in 09/28/17 | 33 | 68 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Eomysticetus withmorei Last Modified in 09/28/17 | 38 | 64 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] † Simocetus rayii Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 26 | 76 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] † Agorophius spp Last Modified in 09/28/17 | 50 | 53 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] † Archaeodelphis patrius Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 69 | 32 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] † Xenorophus sloani Last Modified in 09/28/17 | 64 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] † Echovenator sandersii Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 23 | 78 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] † Albertocetus meffordorum Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] † Squalodon calvertensis Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 26 | 76 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] † Waipatia maerewhenua Last Modified in 10/31/16 | 20 | 82 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 20025 | |
Project overview | 2095 | |
Matrix views | 1273 | Matrix landing page (1123 views); Cynthiacetus peruvianus (150 views); |
Media views | 3445 | Media search (2891 views); M433682 (554 views); |
Documents list | 876 | |
Bibliography | 714 | |
Taxon list | 8679 | |
Specimen list | 1860 | |
Views for media list | 1083 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 219 | |
Matrix downloads | 20 | Cynthiacetus peruvianus (20 downloads); |
Project downloads | 199 |