Project 2537: B. A. Atkinson. 2018. The critical role of fossils in inferring deep‐node phylogenetic relationships and macroevolutionary patterns in Cornales. American Journal of Botany. 105 (8):1401-1411.
Abstract
Premise of the StudyThe basal asterid order, Cornales, experienced a rapid radiation during the Cretaceous, which has made it difficult to elucidate the early evolution of the order using extant taxa only. Recent paleobotanical studies, however, have begun to shed light on the early diversification of Cornales. Herein, fossils are directly incorporated in phylogenetic and quantitative morphological analyses to reconstruct early cornalean evolution.Methods
A morphological matrix of 77 fruit characters and 58 taxa (24 extinct) was assembled. Parsimony analyses including and excluding fossils were conducted. A fossil inclusive tree was time?scaled to visualize the timing of the initial cornalean radiation. Disparity analyses were utilized to infer the morphological evolution of cornaleans with drupaceous fruits.Key Results
Fossil inclusive and exclusive parsimony analyses resulted in well?resolved deep?node relationships within Cornales. Resolution in the fossil inclusive analysis is substantially higher, revealing a basal grade including Loasaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Hydrostachyaceae, Grubbiaceae, a Hironoia+Amersinia clade, and Curtisiaceae, respectively, that leads to a ?core? group containing a clade comprising a Cretaceous grade leading to clade of Nyssaceae, Mastixiaceae, and Davidiaceae that is sister to a Cornaceae+Alangiaceae clade. The time?scaled tree indicates that the initial cornalean diversification occurred before 89.8 Ma. Disparity analyses suggest the morphological diversity of Cornales peaked during the Paleogene.Conclusions
Phylogenetic analyses clearly demonstrate that novel character mosaics of Cretaceous cornaleans play a critical role in resolving deep?node relationships within Cornales. The post?Cretaceous increase of cornalean disparity is associated with a shift in morphospace occupation, which can be explained from ecological and developmental perspectives.
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Article DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1084
Project DOI: 10.7934/P2537, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2537
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 6782 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 140 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 182 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:140/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 2537
MorphoBank Project 2537
- Creation Date:
05 October 2016 - Publication Date:
24 May 2018 - Project views: 19548
- Matrix downloads: 19
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- University of Kansas
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Brian Atkinson Project Administrator | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25556' (58 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Cornus oblonga Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 67 | 67 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] Cornus controversa Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 66 | 66 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] Cornus sanguenea Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 68 | 68 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] Cornus mas Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] Cornus officinalis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] Cornus volkensii Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 4 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] Cornus canadensis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] Cornus eydeana Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 14 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] Cornus piggae Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 12 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] Cornus multilocularis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 12 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] Cornus florida Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] Cornus kousa Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] Alangium chinense Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 2 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] Alangium eydei Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 17 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] Alangium vermontanum Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 16 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] Alangium javanicum Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 3 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] Alangium villosum Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 6 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] Diplopanax stachyanthus Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 11 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] Diplopanax eydei Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 4 | 58 | 58 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] Mastixia philippenensis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 2 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] Retinomastixia schultei Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 18 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] Mastixioidiocarpum oregonense Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 16 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] Langtonia bisulcata Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 7 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] Beckettia samuelis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 39 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] Davidia involucrata Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 66 | 66 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] Davidia antiqua Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 9 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] Drumheller fruit 1 Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 15 | 47 | 47 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] Camptotheca acuminata Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 2 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] Nyssa sylvatica Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 66 | 66 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] Nyssa ogeche Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 2 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] Nyssa aquatica Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 1 | 66 | 66 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] Nyssa talamancana Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 8 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] Nyssa javanica Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 1 | 66 | 66 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] Nyssa grayensis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 19 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] Nyssa spatulata Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 22 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] Curtisia dentata Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] Curtisia quadrilocularis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 15 | 48 | 48 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] Grubbia rosmarinifolia Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 9 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] Hydrostachys spp. Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 1 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] Hydrangea heteromalla Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 3 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] Deutzia corymbosa Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 2 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] Jamesia americana Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 3 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] Philadelphus purpurascens Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 3 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] Mentzelia dispersa Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 1 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] Loasa sclareifolia Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 1 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] Hironoia fusiformis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 7 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] Amersinia obtrullata Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 4 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] Suciacarpa starrii Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 10 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] Suciacarpa xiangae Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 13 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] Eydeia hokkaidoensis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] Eydeia vancouverensis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 14 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] Edencarpa grandis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 17 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] Obamacarpa edenensis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 2 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] Drumheller fruit 2 Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 15 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] Sheltercarpa vancouverensis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[56] Hydrocera triflora Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 2 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[57] Marcgravia nepenthoides Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 2 | 19 | 18 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[58] Fouquieria columnaris Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 3 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25557' (48 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Cornus oblonga Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] Cornus controversa Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] Cornus sanguenea Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] Cornus mas Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] Cornus officinalis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] Cornus volkensii Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 3 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] Cornus canadensis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] Cornus eydeana Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 12 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] Cornus piggae Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 9 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] Cornus multilocularis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 8 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] Cornus florida Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] Cornus kousa Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] Alangium chinense Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 2 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] Alangium eydei Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 12 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] Alangium vermontanum Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 12 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] Alangium javanicum Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 2 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] Alangium villosum Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 4 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] Diplopanax stachyanthus Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 9 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] Diplopanax eydei Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 2 | 48 | 48 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] Mastixia philippenensis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 2 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] Retinomastixia schultei Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 13 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] Mastixioidiocarpum oregonense Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 11 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] Langtonia bisulcata Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 4 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] Beckettia samuelis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 31 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] Davidia involucrata Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] Davidia antiqua Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 6 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] Drumheller fruit 1 Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 8 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] Camptotheca acuminata Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 2 | 47 | 47 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] Nyssa sylvatica Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] Nyssa ogeche Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 2 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] Nyssa aquatica Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 1 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] Nyssa talamancana Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 6 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] Nyssa javanica Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 1 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] Nyssa grayensis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 13 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] Nyssa spatulata Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 16 | 40 | 40 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] Curtisia dentata Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] Curtisia quadrilocularis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 9 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] Grubbia rosmarinifolia Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 7 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] Hironoia fusiformis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 5 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] Amersinia obtrullata Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 3 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] Suciacarpa starrii Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 7 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] Suciacarpa xiangae Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 10 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] Eydeia hokkaidoensis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 0 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] Eydeia vancouverensis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 10 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] Edencarpa grandis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 12 | 38 | 38 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] Obamacarpa edenensis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 1 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] Drumheller fruit 2 Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 10 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] Sheltercarpa vancouverensis Last Modified in 07/10/18 | 22 | 31 | 31 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 19548 | |
Project overview | 1688 | |
Matrix views | 1165 | Matrix landing page (939 views); (2 views); (1 view); (8 views); (2 views); Disparity matrix, with character states (102 views); Cornales fruit matrix, with character states (111 views); |
Taxon list | 9162 | |
Media views | 3207 | Media search (2764 views); M565540 (443 views); |
Specimen list | 1728 | |
Views for media list | 1044 | |
Documents list | 863 | |
Bibliography | 691 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 183 | |
Project downloads | 161 | |
Document downloads | 3 | Cornales fruit matrix (2 downloads); Character list - descriptions (1 download); |
Matrix downloads | 19 | (1 download); (1 download); (8 downloads); (1 download); Cornales fruit matrix, with character states (4 downloads); Disparity matrix, with character states (4 downloads); |