Project 2794: E. Vlachos. 2018. A Review of the Fossil Record of North American Turtles of the Clade Pan-Testudinoidea. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 59 (1):3-94.
Abstract
Turtles of the clade Pan-Testudinoidea have a rich fossil record in North America, including the Caribbean, ranging from the late Paleocene to the Holocene. All earlier reports cannot be substantiated herein. The earliest members of this clade probably immigrated in multiple waves from Asia. Current phylogenies of crown Testudinoidea recognize four primary clades: Pan-Emydidae, Pan-Geoemydidae, Pan-Testudinidae, and the lineage leading to Platysternon megacephalum. An updated global phylogeny allows attribution of fossils to these lineages with confidence that allows the discernment of new diversity trends and biogeographic patterns. The diversity of North American Pan-Testudinidae increased consistently throughout the Cenozoic and reached its peak in the early Miocene. The extinction of many testudinids at the end of the Pleistocene, however, decreased tortoise diversity toward its extant levels. The diversity of North American Pan-Emydidae and Pan-Geoemydidae shows opposite patterns. Pan-Emydidae are remarkably diverse today, but their diversity was low in the Eocene and only increased dramatically from the Oligocene and onwards. Pan-Geoemydidae, on the other side, were diverse in the late Paleocene to Eocene, but their diversity decreases to their extremely low present levels starting with the Oligocene. A taxonomic review of 191 named North and Central American pan-testudinoid taxa finds 57 nomina valida, 69 nomina invalida, 64 nomina dubia, and 1 nomen nudum.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.3374/014.058.0201
Project DOI: 10.7934/P2794, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2794
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 11894 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 170 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 397 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:145/25 |
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MorphoBank Project 2794
MorphoBank Project 2794
- Creation Date:
11 December 2017 - Publication Date:
23 April 2018 - Project views: 21190
- Media downloads: 2
- Matrix downloads: 23
Authors' Institutions
- Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio
- Yale University
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- American Museum of Natural History
- Manhattan College
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | media notes | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||||||
Evangelos Vlachos Project Administrator | 114 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 170 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11894 (11480, 0, 414) | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M24931' (113 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Pleurodira Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 23 | 148 | 126 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] Chelydra serpentina Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 5 | 150 | 148 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] Kinosternon odoratus Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 3 | 155 | 155 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] Caretta caretta Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 72 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] Apalone spinifera Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 27 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] Platysternon megacephalum Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 12 | 151 | 151 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] Cuora amboinensis Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 24 | 142 | 139 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] Heosemys annandalei Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 77 | 91 | 90 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] Rhinoclemmys annulata Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 87 | 83 | 81 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] Batagur baska Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 4 | 164 | 162 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] Sacalia bealei Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 21 | 148 | 144 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] Orlitia borneensis Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 61 | 109 | 107 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] Callagur borneoensis Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 45 | 121 | 120 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] Mauremys caspica Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 7 | 161 | 157 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] Siebenrockiella crassicollis Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 16 | 150 | 148 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] Cyclemys dentata Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 90 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] Cuora flavomarginata Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 95 | 75 | 73 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] Heosemys grandis Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 96 | 78 | 73 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] Geoclemys hamiltonii Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 25 | 140 | 139 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] Kachuga kachuga Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 97 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] Cuora mouhotii Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 96 | 76 | 73 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] Notochelys platynota Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 95 | 74 | 73 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 69 | 100 | 98 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] Mauremys reevesii Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 16 | 147 | 146 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] Mauremys sinensis Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 40 | 128 | 126 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] Geoemyda spengleri Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 98 | 72 | 71 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] Malayemys subtrijuga Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 32 | 135 | 132 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] Pangshura tentoria Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 73 | 96 | 96 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] Hardella thurjii Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 95 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] Melanochelys trijuga Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 60 | 110 | 107 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] Graptemys barbouri Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 68 | 98 | 97 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] Emydoidea blandingii Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 16 | 146 | 145 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] Clemmys guttata Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 38 | 127 | 127 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] Chrysemys picta Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 1 | 165 | 162 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] Emys orbicularis Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 31 | 134 | 131 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] Terrapene ornata Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 44 | 122 | 118 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] Deirochelys reticularia Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 17 | 146 | 146 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] Trachemys scripta Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 8 | 160 | 158 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] Malaclemmys terrapin Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 84 | 89 | 84 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] Pseudemys texana Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 27 | 142 | 139 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] Gopherus agassizii Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 8 | 164 | 159 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] Chelonoidis carbonaria Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 0 | 188 | 155 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] Chelonoidis chilensis Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 4 | 183 | 163 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] Chelonoidis denticulata Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 0 | 196 | 166 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] Geochelone elegans Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 53 | 117 | 114 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] Indotestudo elongata Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 26 | 145 | 142 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] Manouria emys Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 70 | 101 | 98 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] Kinixys erosa Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 12 | 148 | 140 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] Gopherus flavomarginatus Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 8 | 161 | 159 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] Indotestudo forstenii Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 3 | 165 | 163 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] Testudo graeca Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 2 | 179 | 163 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] Chersine hermanni Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 6 | 168 | 161 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] Kinixys homeana Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 29 | 134 | 133 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] Agrionemys horsfieldii Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 58 | 116 | 110 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] Manouria impressa Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 29 | 138 | 138 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[56] Testudo kleinmanni Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 31 | 139 | 133 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[57] Testudo marginata Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 79 | 97 | 89 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[58] Chelonoidis nigra Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 2 | 173 | 165 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[59] Psammobates oculifera Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 73 | 97 | 96 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[60] Stigmochelys pardalis Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 13 | 157 | 154 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[61] Gopherus polyphemus Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 6 | 165 | 161 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[62] Astrochelys radiata Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 9 | 160 | 159 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[63] Centrochelys sulcata Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 2 | 171 | 165 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[64] Malacochersus tornieri Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 2 | 152 | 150 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[65] † Chelonoidis alburyorum Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 51 | 121 | 116 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[66] † Chelonoidis monensis Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 151 | 19 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[67] † Cymatholcus schucherti Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 150 | 19 | 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[68] † Floridemys nanus Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 107 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[69] † Geochelone costaricensis Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 112 | 58 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[70] † Gopherus auffenbergi Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 110 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[71] † Gopherus brevisternus Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 102 | 68 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[72] † Gopherus edae Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 115 | 55 | 54 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[73] † Gopherus donlaloi Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 73 | 96 | 95 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[74] † Gopherus hexagonatus Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 115 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[75] † Gopherus hollandi Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 108 | 63 | 61 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[76] † Gopherus mohavensis Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 116 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[77] † Hadrianus corsoni Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 104 | 66 | 63 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[78] † Hadrianus majusculus Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 132 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[79] † Hesperotestudo bermudae Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 96 | 77 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[80] † Hesperotestudo brontops Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 108 | 62 | 61 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[81] † Hesperotestudo crassiscutata Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 103 | 67 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[82] † Hesperotestudo gilbertii Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 124 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[83] † Hesperotestudo orthopygia Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 56 | 113 | 113 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[84] † Hesperotestudo osborniana Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 56 | 116 | 114 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[85] † Hesperotestudo turgida Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 69 | 102 | 101 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[86] † Hesperotestudo williamsi Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 109 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[87] † Oligopherus laticuneus Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 87 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[88] † Stylemys capax Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 108 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[89] † Stylemys inusitata Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 117 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[90] † Stylemys nebrascensis Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 51 | 120 | 118 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[91] † Acherontemys heckmanni Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 131 | 39 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[92] † Echmatemys callopyge Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 105 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[93] † Echmatemys haydeni Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 105 | 66 | 63 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[94] † Echmatemys jeanesi Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 107 | 62 | 61 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[95] † Echmatemys lativertebralis Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 105 | 64 | 63 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[96] † Echmatemys naomi Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 105 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[97] † Echmatemys stevensoniana Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 103 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[98] † Echmatemys wyomingensis Last Modified in 04/23/18 | 105 | 64 | 63 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[99] † Rhinoclemmys panamaensis Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 130 | 39 | 38 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[100] † Chrysemys timida Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 131 | 39 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[101] † Clemmys morrisiae Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 118 | 52 | 51 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[102] † Emydoidea hutchisoni Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 141 | 28 | 27 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[103] † Glyptemys valentinensis Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 107 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[104] Graptemys kerneri Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 91 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[105] † Pseudemys carri Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 116 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[106] † Pseudemys williamsi Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 112 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[107] † Psilosemys wyomingensis Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 105 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[108] † Terrapene eurypygia Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 124 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[109] † Terrapene parornata Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 111 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[110] † Trachemys antiqua Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 105 | 65 | 64 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[111] † Trachemys idahoensis Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 67 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[112] † Trachemys sculpta Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 113 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[113] † Cardichelyon rogerwoodi Last Modified in 12/31/17 | 105 | 69 | 64 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 21190 | |
Project overview | 1670 | |
Media views | 3280 | Media search (2760 views); M508219 (520 views); |
Matrix views | 1245 | Matrix landing page (1052 views); Morphological matrix of the North American pan-testudinoids analysed in the study (193 views); |
Views for media list | 1770 | |
Taxon list | 9205 | |
Documents list | 868 | |
Specimen list | 2439 | |
Bibliography | 713 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 233 | |
Matrix downloads | 23 | Morphological matrix of the North American pan-testudinoids analysed in the study (23 downloads); |
Project downloads | 198 | |
Document downloads | 10 | Supplement to the trees (3 downloads); Trees, equal weights, Pan-Testudinidae (2 downloads); Trees, implied weights, Pan-Testudinidae (1 download); Trees, equal weights, all taxa (2 downloads); Trees, implied weights, k=3, all taxa (1 download); Trees, implied weights, k=5, all taxa (1 download); |
Media downloads | 2 | M508219 (2 downloads); |