Project 3238: R. F. Hayes, S. Y. Smith, M. Montellano-Ballesteros, G. Álvarez-Reyes, R. Hernandez-Rivera, D. E. Fastovsky. 2018. Cornalean affinities, phylogenetic significance, and biogeographic implications ofOperculifructusinfructescences from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Mexico. American Journal of Botany. 105 (11):1911-1928.
Abstract
Premise of the StudyCretaceous Cornales provide a crucial record of the early history of asterids. Most lineages of the order are well represented in the fossil record, but South African families of Curtisiaceae and Grubbiaceae remain poorly understood. Seventy‐three specimens of a fossil infructescence belonging to the genus Operculifructus Estrada‐Ruiz & Cevallos‐Ferriz emend. Hayes & Smith from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) El Gallo Formation, Baja California, Mexico bear previously undescribed characters that suggest a relationship to Grubbiaceae.MethodsMicrostructures of the fossils were examined through light microscopy and x‐ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) scanning. Modern Grubbia tomentosa (Thunb.) Harms fruits were scanned for comparison to the fossil material. Phylogenetic analyses using the 77 fruit characters of Atkinson (2018) were performed to test relationships of the fossil to major lineages of the order. Several analyses applied topological constraints to the extant taxa, based on various genetically supported hypotheses of relationship within Cornales.Key ResultsNovel structures of Operculifructus newly observed here include (1) anatropous ovules, (2) drupaceous fruits, (3) an epigynous disc, (4) and a stylar canal in the center of the disc aligned with the micropylar protrusion of the seed. Phylogenetic analysis consistently resolves Operculifructus as sister to Grubbiaceae.
ConclusionsOperculifructus provides direct evidence for the occurrence of Grubbiaceae in the Late Cretaceous, much older than previous Eocene evidence. The phylogeny of Atkinson (2018) indicates that the new phylogenetic position recovered for Operculifructus also establishes the presence of the most basal drupaceous cornalean fruits in North America by the Campanian.
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Article DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1179
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3238, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3238
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 4109 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 77 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 171 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:77/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 3238
MorphoBank Project 3238
- Creation Date:
05 August 2018 - Publication Date:
07 February 2020 - Project views: 14691
- Matrix downloads: 12
Authors' Institutions
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM)
- University of Michigan
- University of Rhode Island
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Selena Smith Project Administrator | 59 | 0 | 0 | 77 | 0 | 0 | 4109 (2992, 0, 1117) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Reilly Hayes Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Reilly Hayes Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25579' (59 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Cornus oblonga Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 0 | 67 | 67 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[2] Cornus controversa Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 0 | 66 | 66 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[3] Cornus sanguenea Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 0 | 68 | 68 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[4] Cornus mas Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 0 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[5] Cornus officinalis Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 0 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[6] Cornus volkensii Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 4 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[7] Cornus canadensis Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 0 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[8] Cornus eydeana Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 14 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[9] Cornus piggae Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 12 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[10] Cornus multilocularis Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 12 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[11] Cornus florida Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 0 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[12] Cornus kousa Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 0 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[13] Alangium chinense Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 2 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[14] Alangium eydei Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 17 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[15] Alangium vermontanum Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 16 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[16] Alangium javanicum Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 3 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[17] Alangium villosum Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 6 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[18] Diplopanax stachyanthus Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 11 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[19] Diplopanax eydei Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 4 | 58 | 58 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[20] Mastixia philippenensis Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 2 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[21] Retinomastixia schultei Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 18 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[22] Mastixioidiocarpum oregonense Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 16 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[23] Langtonia bisulcata Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 7 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[24] Beckettia samuelis Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 39 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[25] Davidia involucrata Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 0 | 66 | 66 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[26] Davidia antiqua Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 9 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[27] Drumheller fruit 1 Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 15 | 47 | 47 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[28] Camptotheca acuminata Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 2 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[29] Nyssa sylvatica Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 0 | 66 | 66 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[30] Nyssa ogeche Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 2 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[31] Nyssa aquatica Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 1 | 66 | 66 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[32] Nyssa talamancana Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 8 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[33] Nyssa javanica Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 1 | 66 | 66 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[34] Nyssa grayensis Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 19 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[35] Nyssa spatulata Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 22 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[36] Curtisia dentata Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 0 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[37] Curtisia quadrilocularis Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 15 | 48 | 48 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[38] † Opeculifructus spp. Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 16 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[39] Grubbia rosmarinifolia Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 6 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[40] Hydrostachys spp. Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 1 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[41] Hydrangea heteromalla Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 3 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[42] Deutzia corymbosa Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 2 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[43] Jamesia americana Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 3 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[44] Philadelphus purpurascens Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 3 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[45] Mentzelia dispersa Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 1 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[46] Loasa sclareifolia Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 1 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[47] Hironoia fusiformis Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 7 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[48] Amersinia obtrullata Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 4 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[49] Suciacarpa starrii Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 10 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[50] Suciacarpa xiangae Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 13 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[51] Eydeia hokkaidoensis Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 0 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[52] Eydeia vancouverensis Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 14 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[53] Edencarpa grandis Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 17 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[54] Obamacarpa edenensis Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 2 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[55] Drumheller fruit 2 Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 15 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[56] Sheltercarpa vancouverensis Last Modified in 08/05/18 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[57] Hydrocera triflora Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 2 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[58] Marcgravia nepenthoides Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 2 | 19 | 18 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[59] Fouquieria columnaris Last Modified in 02/07/20 | 3 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 14691 | |
Project overview | 1218 | |
Matrix views | 886 | Operculifructus matrix (92 views); Matrix landing page (794 views); |
Documents list | 688 | |
Bibliography | 545 | |
Media views | 2662 | Media search (2223 views); M685198 (439 views); |
Views for media list | 803 | |
Specimen list | 1346 | |
Taxon list | 6543 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 129 | |
Project downloads | 117 | |
Matrix downloads | 12 | Operculifructus matrix (12 downloads); |