Project 3287: C. Souto, R. Mooi, L. Martins, C. Menegola, C. R. Marshall. 2019. Homoplasy and extinction: the phylogeny of cassidulid echinoids (Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 187 (3):622-660.
Abstract
Inclusion of fossils can be crucial to address evolutionary questions, because their unique morphology, often drastically modified in recent species, can improve phylogenetic resolution. We performed a cladistic analysis of 45 cassidulids with 98 characters, which resulted in 24 most parsimonious trees. The strict consensus recovers three major cassiduloid clades, and the monophyly of the family Cassidulidae is not supported. Ancillary analyses to determine the sensitivity of the phylogeny to missing data do not result in significantly different topologies. The taxonomic implications of these results, including the description of a new cassiduloid family and the evolution of some morphological features, are discussed. Cassiduloids (as defined here) most probably originated in the Early Cretaceous, and their evolutionary history has been dominated by high levels of homoplasy and a dearth of unique, novel traits. Despite their high diversity during the Palaeogene, there are only seven extant cassiduloid species, and three of these are relicts of lineages dating back to the Eocene. Future studies of the biology of these poorly known species, some of which brood their young, will yield further insights into the evolutionary history of this group.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz060
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3287, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3287
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 11916 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 196 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 247 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:188/8 |
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MorphoBank Project 3287
MorphoBank Project 3287
- Creation Date:
18 October 2018 - Publication Date:
02 September 2019 - Project views: 14474
- Matrix downloads: 7
Authors' Institutions
- Universidade Federal da Bahia
- University of California Berkeley
- California Academy of Sciences
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Camilla Souto Project Administrator | 66 | 1 | 1 | 196 | 0 | 0 | 11916 (11872, 0, 44) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25847' (66 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Nucleolites scutatus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 90 | 88 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] Apatopygus recens Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] Echinolampas depressa Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] † Faujasia apicalis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 6 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] † Faujasia rancheriana Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] † Hardouinia bassleri Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 16 | 84 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] † Hardouinia mortonis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 6 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] † Australanthus longianus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 92 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] † Kassandrina florescens Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] Kassandrina malayana Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 1 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] Neolampas rostellata Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 86 | 85 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] Oligopodia epigonus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] † Petalobrissus cubensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 6 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] † Pliolampas elegantula Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] † Procassidulus lapiscancri Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 94 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] † Petalobrissus setifensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 9 | 89 | 88 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] † Rhynchopygus arumaensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 91 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] † Rhynchopygus macari Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 15 | 86 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Rhynchopygus marmini Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 11 | 88 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] † Stigmatopygus pulchellus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 9 | 91 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] Studeria recens Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 6 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] Cassidulus briareus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 4 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] † Cassidulus californicus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 14 | 86 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] Cassidulus caribaearum Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 99 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] † Cassidulus ellipticus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 17 | 84 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] † Cassidulus falconensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] Cassidulus infidus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] † Cassidulus kieri Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 6 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] Cassidulus mitis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] † Cassidulus trojanus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] † Eurhodia australiae Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] † Eurhodia baumi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 9 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] † Eurhodia calderi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 93 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] † Eurhodia cravenensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 10 | 90 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] † Eurhodia holmesi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 92 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] † Eurhodia matleyi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 9 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Eurhodia morrisi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 92 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Eurhodia navillei Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 10 | 91 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Eurhodia patelliformis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 9 | 93 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] Eurhodia relicta Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 2 | 97 | 96 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † Eurhodia rugosa Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 6 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Eurhodia thebensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 15 | 88 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Glossaster sorigneti Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 17 | 82 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] † Glossaster vasseuri Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 92 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] † Glossaster welschi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 25 | 74 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] † Paralampas pileus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 93 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] † Paralampas rancureli Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 13 | 85 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] † Rhyncholampas alabamensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 92 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] † Rhyncholampas anceps Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 12 | 88 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] † Rhyncholampas ayresi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 9 | 90 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] † Rhyncholampas carolinensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 9 | 90 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] † Rhyncholampas chipolana Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 10 | 89 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] † Rhyncholampas conradi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] † Rhyncholampas daradensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] † Rhyncholampas ericsoni Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 11 | 89 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[56] † Rhyncholampas evergladensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 92 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[57] † Rhyncholampas globosa Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 10 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[58] † Rhyncholampas gouldii Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 94 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[59] † Rhyncholampas grignonensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 9 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[60] † Rhyncholampas mexicana Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 12 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[61] Rhyncholampas pacifica Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 100 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[62] † Rhyncholampas riveroi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 22 | 79 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[63] † Rhyncholampas rodriguezi (?) (a) Last Modified in 01/30/19 | 13 | 85 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[64] † Rhyncholampas rodriguezi (?) (r) Last Modified in 01/30/19 | 9 | 91 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[65] † Rhyncholampas sabistonensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 9 | 94 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[66] † Rhyncholampas tuderi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 11 | 88 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25848' (66 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Nucleolites scutatus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 90 | 88 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] Apatopygus recens Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] Echinolampas depressa Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] † Faujasia apicalis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 6 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] † Faujasia rancheriana Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] † Hardouinia bassleri Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 17 | 82 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] † Hardouinia mortonis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 6 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] † Australanthus longianus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 92 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] † Kassandrina florescens Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] Kassandrina malayana Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 1 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] Neolampas rostellata Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 86 | 85 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] Oligopodia epigonus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] † Petalobrissus cubensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 6 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] † Pliolampas elegantula Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] † Procassidulus lapiscancri Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 94 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] † Petalobrissus setifensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 10 | 87 | 87 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] † Rhynchopygus arumaensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 91 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] † Rhynchopygus macari Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 17 | 81 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Rhynchopygus marmini Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 12 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] † Stigmatopygus pulchellus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 10 | 89 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] Studeria recens Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 6 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] Cassidulus briareus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 4 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] † Cassidulus californicus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 16 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] Cassidulus caribaearum Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 99 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] † Cassidulus ellipticus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 20 | 78 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] † Cassidulus falconensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] Cassidulus infidus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] † Cassidulus kieri Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 6 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] Cassidulus mitis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] † Cassidulus trojanus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] † Eurhodia australiae Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] † Eurhodia baumi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 9 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] † Eurhodia calderi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 93 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] † Eurhodia cravenensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 11 | 88 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] † Eurhodia holmesi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 92 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] † Eurhodia matleyi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 9 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Eurhodia morrisi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 92 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Eurhodia navillei Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 12 | 87 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Eurhodia patelliformis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 9 | 93 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] Eurhodia relicta Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 2 | 97 | 96 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † Eurhodia rugosa Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 6 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Eurhodia thebensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 18 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Glossaster sorigneti Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 18 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] † Glossaster vasseuri Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] † Glossaster welschi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 26 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] † Paralampas pileus Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 91 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] † Paralampas rancureli Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 13 | 85 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] † Rhyncholampas alabamensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 10 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] † Rhyncholampas anceps Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 14 | 84 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] † Rhyncholampas ayresi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 9 | 90 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] † Rhyncholampas carolinensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 9 | 90 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] † Rhyncholampas chipolana Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 11 | 87 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] † Rhyncholampas conradi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] † Rhyncholampas daradensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] † Rhyncholampas ericsoni Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 12 | 87 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[56] † Rhyncholampas evergladensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 7 | 92 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[57] † Rhyncholampas globosa Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 10 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[58] † Rhyncholampas gouldii Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 8 | 94 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[59] † Rhyncholampas grignonensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 9 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[60] † Rhyncholampas mexicana Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 12 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[61] Rhyncholampas pacifica Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 0 | 100 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[62] † Rhyncholampas riveroi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 24 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[63] † Rhyncholampas rodriguezi (?) (a) Last Modified in 01/30/19 | 13 | 85 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[64] † Rhyncholampas rodriguezi (?) (r) Last Modified in 01/30/19 | 10 | 89 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[65] † Rhyncholampas sabistonensis Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 12 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[66] † Rhyncholampas tuderi Last Modified in 05/05/19 | 12 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 14474 | |
Project overview | 1288 | |
Matrix views | 985 | Family Cassidulidae: character matrix without partial uncertainties (126 views); Family Cassidulidae: character matrix (complete dataset) (126 views); Matrix landing page (733 views); |
Documents list | 673 | |
Media views | 2697 | Media search (2300 views); M657051 (397 views); |
Views for media list | 857 | |
Specimen list | 1468 | |
Taxon list | 5946 | |
Bibliography | 560 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 204 | |
Project downloads | 196 | |
Matrix downloads | 7 | Family Cassidulidae: character matrix without partial uncertainties (3 downloads); Family Cassidulidae: character matrix (complete dataset) (4 downloads); |
Document downloads | 1 | Analysis 1 (1 download); |