Project 332: S. J. Nesbitt, D. T. Ksepka, J. A. Clarke. 2011. Podargiform Affinities of the Enigmatic Fluvioviridavis platyrhamphus and the Early Diversification of Strisores (‘‘Caprimulgiformes’’ + Apodiformes). PLOS ONE. 6 (11):1-14.
Abstract
The early Eocene Green River Formation avifauna preserves exceptional exemplars of the earliest unambiguous stem representatives of many extant avian clades. We identify the basal-most member of Podargiformes (extant and fossil stem lineage frogmouths) based on a new specimen of Fluvioviridavis platyrhamphus, a unique neoavian bird from the Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation of Wyoming. Extant frogmouths (Podargidae) comprise approximately 13 nocturnal species with an exclusively Australasian distribution. The new specimen was included in a combined phylogenetic analysis of morphological (osteology and soft tissue) and molecular sequence (cytochrome b, c-myc exon 3, and RAG) data sampling species-level taxa from both extant and extinct members of Steatornithidae, Podargidae, Caprimulgidae, Nyctibiidae, Aegothelidae, and Apodiformes ( = Strisores). New data from F. platyrhamphus help resolve phylogenetic relationships within Strisores, supporting placement of F. platyrhamphus and the European fossil form Masillapodargus longipes as basal parts of Podargiformes and also supporting a sister taxon relationship between Podargiformes and Steatornithiformes (oilbirds) within Strisores. This relationship is recovered only when fossil taxa are included, reaffirming the potential impact of stem fossil taxa on inferences of phylogenetic relationships. The well-preserved mandible and palate of the new specimen demonstrate that many of the unique characteristics of the skull that characterize the crown frogmouth clade Podargidae arose early in the evolutionary history of the clade, over 50 million years ago. Comparisons with the new specimen also indicate that Eurofluvioviridavis and Fluvioviridavis are not closely related. Together with the European fossil frogmouth Masillapodargus, Fluvioviridavis shows that Podargiformes had a much wider geographic distribution in the past, whereas extant species are restricted to Australasia. The Eocene record of Strisores from the Green River Formation and Messel Formation indicates most major subclade divergences had already occurred by the early-middle Eocene.Read the article »
Project DOI: 10.7934/P332, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P332
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 1756 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 107 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 223 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:107/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 332
MorphoBank Project 332
- Creation Date:
25 January 2010 - Publication Date:
01 December 2011 - Project views: 35142
- Matrix downloads: 17
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh
- North Carolina State University
- University of Texas at Austin
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||
Sterling Nesbitt Project Administrator | 22 | 0 | 0 | 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1752 (1737, 8, 7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Julia Clarke Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
MorphoBank Curator Full membership | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Daniel Ksepka Full membership | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (4, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Daniel Ksepka Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M786' (22 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Crypturollus undulatus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 102 | 102 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[2] Trogon massena Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 13 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[3] Leptosomus discolor Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 17 | 83 | 83 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[4] Eurypyga helias Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 15 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[5] Steatornis caripensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 104 | 104 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[6] † Prefica nivea Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 69 | 38 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[7] Nyctibius greseus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 5 | 102 | 102 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[8] Nyctibius grandis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 7 | 99 | 99 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[9] † Quercypodargus olsoni Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 103 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[10] † Masillapodargus longipes Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 57 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[11] † Eurofluvioviridavis robustipes Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 72 | 35 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[12] † Fluvioviridavis PA 607 Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 57 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[13] † Fluvioviridavis SMNK.PAL.2368a+b Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 64 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[14] † Fluvioviridavis combination Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 33 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[15] Podargus strigoides Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 105 | 105 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[16] Batrachostomus auritus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 103 | 103 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[17] Caprimulgus carolinensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 106 | 105 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[18] Paraprefica kelleri Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[19] Aegotheles cristatus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 104 | 104 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[20] Hemiprocne comata Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 13 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[21] Amazilia tzacatl Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 104 | 104 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[22] Aerodramus vanikorensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 104 | 104 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 35142 | |
Project overview | 3718 | |
Media views | 6995 | Media search (5610 views); M102442 (1385 views); |
Matrix views | 2739 | Matrix landing page (2440 views); Mayr 2005 (299 views); |
Specimen list | 3290 | |
Taxon list | 17134 | |
Bibliography | 1263 | |
Documents list | 3 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 372 | |
Matrix downloads | 17 | Mayr 2005 (17 downloads); |
Project downloads | 355 |