Project 3792: B. M. Gee, A. M. Kufner. 2022. Revision of the Late Triassic metoposaurid “Metoposaurus” bakeri (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from Texas, USA and a phylogenetic analysis of the Metoposauridae. PeerJ. 10:e14065.
Abstract
Metoposaurids are a clade of large-bodied temnospondyls commonly found in non-marine Late Triassic deposits across northern Pangea. Three taxa are known from North America: Anaschisma browni, Apachesaurus gregorii, and “Metoposaurus” bakeri. While the osteology of most metoposaurids has been recently revised, that of a few taxa, including “Metoposaurus” bakeri remains poorly characterized. This taxon was formally described in 1931 as “Buettneria bakeri,” and its taxonomy has remained in flux ever since then. “Metoposaurus” bakeri is the earliest appearing metoposaurid in North America (Carnian of Texas), and Metoposaurus has frequently been utilized as an index taxon of the Otischalkian estimated holochron (‘land vertebrate faunachron’) and for biostratigraphic correlations with other geographic regions. The taxonomy of this species is therefore relevant for both taxonomic experts and biostratigraphers. Here we redescribe all material from the type locality of “M.” bakeri, the Elkins Place bone bed, and perform a phylogenetic analysis using a revised matrix assembled from several previous studies. Anatomical comparisons and phylogenetic analyses do not support placement in either Metoposaurus, a taxon otherwise only found in Europe, or Anaschisma, the only other large-bodied taxon from North America. Therefore, we erect a new genus, Buettnererpeton gen. nov., to accommodate this species. Metoposaurus is consequently absent from North America, and this genus cannot be used in global biostratigraphy. Phylogenetic analyses provide evidence that the phylogeny of the Metoposauridae remains extremely labile, with drastic differences in topological resolution and structure being linked to just a handful of characters and scores. Metoposaurids’ morphological conservatism and the increased recognition of intraspecific variation thus continue to be major confounds to elucidating the evolutionary history of this clade.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14065
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3792, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3792
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 4237 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 202 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 444 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:169/33 |
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MorphoBank Project 3792
MorphoBank Project 3792
- Creation Date:
26 August 2020 - Publication Date:
12 October 2022 - Project views: 4810
- Matrix downloads: 7
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- University of Toronto
- University of Washington
- University of Wisconsin
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||
Aaron Kufner Project Administrator | 32 | 1 | 1 | 166 | 92 | 0 | 0 | 4237 (4143, 0, 94) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Bryan Gee Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M28997' (15 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Metoposaurus diagnosticus Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 7 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Metoposaurus krasiejowensis Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 5 | 65 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Metoposaurus algarvensis Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 20 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Panthasaurus maleriensis Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 7 | 57 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Arganasaurus azerouali Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 21 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] † Anaschisma browni Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 5 | 62 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Buettnererpeton bakeri Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 7 | 58 | 49 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Apachesaurus gregorii Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 10 | 53 | 48 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Arganasaurus lyazidi Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 30 | 32 | 32 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Dutuitosaurus ouazzoui Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 6 | 57 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Callistomordax kugleri Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 9 | 54 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Almasaurus habazzi Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 10 | 53 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] † Rhineceps nyasaensis Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 14 | 48 | 48 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] † Trimerorachis insignis Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 7 | 56 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] † Eryops megacephalus Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 9 | 53 | 52 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M28999' (29 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Sclerocephalus haueseri Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 6 | 131 | 123 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Rhineceps nyasaensis Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 27 | 111 | 109 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Lydekkerina huxleyi Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 10 | 131 | 123 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Eocyclotosaurus appetolatus Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 10 | 127 | 126 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Quasicyclotosaurus campi Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 62 | 78 | 75 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] † Cyclotosaurus intermedius Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 20 | 118 | 115 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Mastodonsaurus giganteus Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 0 | 143 | 137 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Lyrocephaliscus euri Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 34 | 108 | 103 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Trematolestes hagdorni Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 16 | 128 | 122 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Benthosuchus sushkini Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 10 | 130 | 127 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Trematosaurus brauni Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 31 | 121 | 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Bothriceps australis Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 24 | 115 | 105 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] † Compsocerops cosgriffi Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 15 | 119 | 115 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] † Gerrothorax pulcherrimus Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 25 | 121 | 113 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] † Chinlestegophis jenkinsi Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 68 | 64 | 61 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] † Rileymillerus cosgriffi Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 61 | 68 | 65 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] † Riley with lacrimal Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 63 | 71 | 69 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Almasaurus habazzi Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 18 | 125 | 118 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] † Callistomordax kugleri Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 7 | 133 | 131 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] † Metoposaurus diagnosticus Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 36 | 103 | 103 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] † Metoposaurus krasiejowensis Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 1 | 153 | 138 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] † Metoposaurus algarvensis Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 40 | 99 | 99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † Panthasaurus maleriensis Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 13 | 133 | 126 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Arganasaurus azerouali Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 39 | 101 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] † Anaschisma browni Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 2 | 157 | 135 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] † Buettnererpeton bakeri Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 1 | 142 | 136 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] † Apachesaurus gregorii Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 25 | 116 | 110 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] † Arganasaurus lyazidi Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 72 | 68 | 64 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] † Dutuitosaurus ouazzoui Last Modified in 10/12/22 | 4 | 140 | 133 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 4810 | |
Project overview | 374 | |
Matrix views | 291 | Matrix landing page (253 views); Gee_Kufner_2022_Appendix_4_Modified_Matrix_BJS_2019 (20 views); Gee_Kufner_2022_Appendix_2_novel_matrix (18 views); |
Media views | 1004 | Media search (853 views); M847770 (151 views); |
Bibliography | 206 | |
Views for media list | 308 | |
Specimen list | 532 | |
Taxon list | 2094 | |
Documents list | 1 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 7 | |
Matrix downloads | 7 | Gee_Kufner_2022_Appendix_2_novel_matrix (4 downloads); Gee_Kufner_2022_Appendix_4_Modified_Matrix_BJS_2019 (3 downloads); |