Project 383: M. Orliac, J.-R. Boisserie, L. MacLatchy, F. Lihoreau. 2010. Early Miocene hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla) constrain the phylogenetic and spatiotemporal settings of hippopotamid origin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (26):11871-11876.
Abstract
The affinities of the Hippopotamidae are at the core of the phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla (even-toed mammals: cetaceans, ruminants, camels, suoids, and hippos). Molecular phylogenies support Cetacea as sister group of the Hippopotamidae, implying a long ghost lineage between the earliest cetaceans (∼53 Ma) and the earliest hippopotamids (∼16 Ma). Morphological studies have proposed two different sister taxa for hippopotamids: suoids (notably palaeochoerids) or anthracotheriids. Evaluating these phylogenetic hypotheses requires substantiating the poorly known early history of the Hippopotamidae. Here, we undertake an original morphological phylogenetic analysis including several “suiform” families and previously unexamined early Miocene taxa to test previous conflicting hypotheses. According to our results, Morotochoerus ugandensis and Kulutherium rusingensis, until now regarded as the sole African palaeochoerid and the sole African bunodont anthracotheriid, respectively, are unambiguously includedwithin the Hippopotamidae. They are the earliest known hippopotamids and set the family fossil record back to the early Miocene (∼21 Ma). The analysis reveals that hippopotamids displayedan unsuspected taxonomic and body size diversity and remained restricted to Africa during most of their history, until the latest Miocene. Our results also confirm the deep nesting of Hippopotamidae within the paraphyletic Anthracotheriidae; this finding allows us to reconstruct the sequence of dental innovations that links advanced selenodont anthracotheriids to hippopotamids, previously a source of major disagreements on hippopotamid origins. The analysis demonstrates a close relationship between Eocene choeropotamids and anthracotheriids, a relationship that potentially fills the evolutionary gap between earliest hippopotamids and cetaceans implied by molecular analyses.
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Project DOI: 10.7934/P383, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P383
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 2038 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 84 Total characters with associated media: 45 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 177 Total character states with associated media: 1 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:84/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 383
MorphoBank Project 383
- Creation Date:
08 July 2010 - Publication Date:
21 January 2011 - Project views: 67843
- Media downloads: 34
- Matrix downloads: 15
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- Université de Poitiers (University of Poitiers)
- Universite de Montpellier
- University of Michigan
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Maeva Orliac Project Administrator | 27 | 3 | 30 | 84 | 46 | 0 | 2038 (2001, 0, 37) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Maureen Admin Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Jean-Renaud Boisserie Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Fabrice Lihoreau Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M874' (27 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Gujaratia Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[2] Kenyapotamus ternani Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 28 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[3] Kenyapotamus coryndonae Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 86 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[4] Hexaprotodon garyam Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[5] Hippopotamus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 86 | 78 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[6] Choeropsis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 80 | 79 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[7] Morotochoerus ugandensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 32 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[8] Kulutherium rusingensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 62 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[9] Archaeopotamus lothagamensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 39 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[10] Archaeopotamus harvardi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 78 | 77 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[11] Palaeochoerus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 83 | 83 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[12] Hyotherium Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 83 | 83 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[13] Listriodon Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 84 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[14] Cynorca Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 7 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[15] Perchoerus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 12 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[16] Entelodon Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[17] Anthracotherium Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 85 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[18] Elomeryx Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 84 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[19] Bothriogenys Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 84 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[20] Libycosaurus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 81 | 81 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[21] Merycopotamus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 83 | 82 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[22] Siamotherium Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 81 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[23] Microbunodon Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 81 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[24] Cebochoerus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 82 | 80 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[25] Choeropotamus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 9 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[26] Khirtharia Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 21 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[27] Gobiohyus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 18 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 67843 | |
Taxon list | 15009 | |
Media views | 32468 | M55827 (865 views); M55443 (949 views); M55644 (843 views); M55829 (878 views); Media search (5763 views); M55441 (932 views); M55633 (852 views); M55830 (900 views); M55632 (858 views); M55635 (874 views); M55636 (890 views); M55637 (829 views); M55638 (853 views); M55640 (828 views); M55641 (853 views); M55643 (879 views); M55642 (851 views); M55645 (821 views); M55832 (831 views); M55834 (852 views); M55831 (843 views); M55836 (864 views); M55833 (862 views); M55839 (850 views); M55828 (852 views); M55837 (862 views); M55838 (817 views); M55835 (842 views); M55444 (859 views); M55634 (869 views); M86106 (838 views); M55639 (909 views); |
Project overview | 4408 | |
Matrix views | 2437 | Matrix landing page (2112 views); Hippopotamidae dental matrix (325 views); |
Specimen list | 5772 | |
Bibliography | 4511 | |
Views for media list | 1462 | |
Documents list | 1776 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 423 | |
Media downloads | 34 | M55827 (2 downloads); M55443 (3 downloads); M55830 (2 downloads); M55632 (1 download); M55633 (1 download); M55635 (1 download); M55636 (2 downloads); M55637 (1 download); M55638 (1 download); M55640 (1 download); M55641 (1 download); M55642 (1 download); M55643 (1 download); M55644 (1 download); M55645 (1 download); M55828 (1 download); M55829 (1 download); M55831 (1 download); M55832 (1 download); M55833 (1 download); M55834 (2 downloads); M55835 (1 download); M55836 (1 download); M55837 (1 download); M55838 (1 download); M55839 (1 download); M55441 (1 download); M55444 (1 download); |
Matrix downloads | 15 | Hippopotamidae dental matrix (15 downloads); |
Project downloads | 371 | |
Document downloads | 3 | Kulutherium rusingensis (2 downloads); Morotochoerus ugandensis (1 download); |