Project 3854: D. S. Gernandt, C. Reséndiz Arias, T. Terrazas, X. Aguirre Dugua, A. Willyard. 2018. Incorporating fossils into the Pinaceae tree of life. American Journal of Botany. 105 (8):1329-1344.
Abstract
Premise of the StudyPinaceae have a rich but enigmatic early fossil record, much of which is represented by permineralized seed cones. Our incomplete knowledge of morphology and anatomy in living and extinct species poses an important barrier to understanding their phylogenetic relationships and timing of diversification.Methods
We expanded a morphology matrix to 46 fossil and 31 extant Pinaceae species, mainly adding characters from stem and leaf anatomy and seed cones. Using parsimony and Bayesian inference, we compared phylogenetic relationships for extant taxa with and without fossils from the morphology matrix combined with an alignment of plastid gene sequences.Key Results
Combined analysis of morphological and molecular characters resulted in a phylogeny of extant Pinaceae that was robust at all nodes except those relating to the interrelationships of Pinus, Picea, and Cathaya and the position of Cedrus. Simultaneous analysis of all fossil and extant species did not result in changes in the relationships among the extant species but did greatly reduce branch support. We found that the placement of most fossils was sensitive to the method of phylogenetic reconstruction when analyzing them singly with the extant species.Conclusions
A robust phylogenetic hypothesis for the main lineages of Pinaceae is emerging. Most Early Cretaceous fossils are stem or crown lineages of Pinus, but close relationships also were found between fossils and several other extant genera. The phylogenetic position of fossils broadly supports the existence of extant genera in the Lower Cretaceous.
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Article DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1139
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3854, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3854
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 8273 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 188 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 456 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:168/20 |
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MorphoBank Project 3854
MorphoBank Project 3854
- Creation Date:
31 October 2020 - Publication Date:
04 November 2020 - Project views: 11361
- Matrix downloads: 19
Authors' Institutions
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM)
- Hendrix College
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 89 | 1 | 1 | 188 | 0 | 0 | 8273 (7896, 0, 377) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
David Gernandt Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27058' (89 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Ginkgo biloba Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 50 | 116 | 116 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] Araucaria heterophylla Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 63 | 112 | 110 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] Phyllocladus hypophyllus Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 70 | 108 | 108 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] Cryptomeria japonica Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 37 | 143 | 141 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] Sciadopitys verticillata Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 38 | 140 | 140 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] Cephalotaxus harringtonii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 62 | 109 | 109 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Cordaixylon dumusum Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 81 | 83 | 83 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Mesoxylon priapi Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 98 | 70 | 70 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Emporia lockardii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 101 | 69 | 68 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Barthelia furcata Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 110 | 62 | 61 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Hanskerpia hamiltonensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 110 | 62 | 61 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Pararaucaria patagonica Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 130 | 49 | 48 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] Pinus thunbergii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 45 | 142 | 142 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] Pinus halepensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 78 | 109 | 109 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] Pinus pinaster Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 67 | 119 | 119 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] Pinus teocote Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 51 | 137 | 136 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] Pinus contorta Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 40 | 147 | 147 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] Pinus ponderosa Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 10 | 178 | 177 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] Pinus aristata Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 61 | 126 | 125 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] Pinus monophylla Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 43 | 145 | 144 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] Pinus pinceana Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 56 | 131 | 130 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] Pinus nelsonii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 36 | 150 | 150 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] Pinus bungeana Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 72 | 117 | 116 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] Pinus lambertiana Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 44 | 143 | 143 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] Pinus krempfii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 61 | 125 | 125 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] Picea abies Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 31 | 149 | 149 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] Picea chihuahuana Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 56 | 127 | 126 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] Picea glauca Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 62 | 118 | 118 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] Picea sitchensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 50 | 130 | 130 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] Cathaya argyrophylla Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 28 | 155 | 155 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] Pseudotsuga macrocarpa Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 65 | 117 | 117 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] Pseudotsuga menziesii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 17 | 165 | 165 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] Larix occidentalis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 30 | 156 | 154 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] Larix decidua Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 60 | 125 | 123 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] Abies concolor Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 35 | 144 | 144 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] Abies lasiocarpa Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 56 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] Abies mariesii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 70 | 109 | 109 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] Abies religiosa Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 65 | 115 | 115 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] Cedrus deodara Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 26 | 157 | 156 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] Keteleeria davidiana Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 47 | 136 | 135 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] Pseudolarix amabilis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 24 | 158 | 158 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] Nothotsuga longibracteata Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 68 | 115 | 114 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] Tsuga canadensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 28 | 153 | 152 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] † Eathiestrobus mackenziei Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 138 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] † Obirastrobus kokubunii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 130 | 58 | 57 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] † Obirastrobus nihongii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 129 | 59 | 58 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] † Picea burtonii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 132 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] † Pinus belgica Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 131 | 57 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] † Pinus arnoldii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 73 | 112 | 112 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[50] † Pinus yorkshirensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 127 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[51] † Pityostrobus andraei Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 133 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[52] † Pityostrobus argonnensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 130 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[53] † Pityostrobus beardii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 134 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[54] † Pityostrobus bommeri Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 129 | 57 | 57 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[55] † Pityostrobus californiensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 133 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[56] † Pityostrobus cliffwoodensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 134 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[57] † Pityostrobus corneti Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 130 | 57 | 57 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[58] † Pityostrobus hallii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 132 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[59] † Pityostrobus hautrageanus Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 133 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[60] † Pityostrobus hokodzensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 133 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[61] † Pityostrobus hueberi Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 128 | 58 | 58 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[62] † Pityostrobus jacksonii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 135 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[63] † Pityostrobus kayeii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 128 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[64] † Pityostrobus leckenbyi Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 131 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[65] † Pityostrobus lynnii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 135 | 53 | 52 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[66] † Pityostrobus macrocephalus Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 136 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[67] † Pityostrobus makahensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 131 | 58 | 56 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[68] † Pityostrobus matsubarae Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 131 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[69] † Pityostrobus mcmurrayensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 134 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[70] † Pityostrobus milleri Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 135 | 52 | 51 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[71] † Pityostrobus oblongus Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 131 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[72] † Pityostrobus palmeri Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 130 | 59 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[73] † Pityostrobus pluriresinosa Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 153 | 35 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[74] † Pityostrobus pubescens Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 133 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[75] † Pityostrobus ramentosa Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 132 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[76] † Pityostrobus shastaensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 136 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[77] † Pityostrobus villerotensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 126 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[78] † Pityostrobus virginiana Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 130 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[79] † Pityostrobus yixianensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 128 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[80] † Pseudoaraucaria arnoldii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 126 | 62 | 61 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[81] † Pseudoaraucaria benstedi Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 144 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[82] † Pseudoaraucaria gibbosa Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 128 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[83] † Pseudoaraucaria heeri Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 126 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[84] † Pseudoaraucaria loppineti Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 128 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[85] † Pseudoaraucaria major Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 128 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[86] † Pinus escalantensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 134 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[87] † Pinus haborensis Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 178 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[88] † Pinus matthewsii Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 124 | 64 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[89] † Pinus mutoi Last Modified in 10/31/20 | 138 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 11361 | |
Project overview | 848 | |
Matrix views | 654 | Morphological Matrix from Gernandt et al., 2018 (107 views); Matrix landing page (547 views); |
Views for media list | 679 | |
Media views | 2133 | Media search (1798 views); M694532 (335 views); |
Specimen list | 1028 | |
Taxon list | 5010 | |
Documents list | 533 | |
Bibliography | 476 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 123 | |
Project downloads | 103 | |
Matrix downloads | 19 | Morphological Matrix from Gernandt et al., 2018 (19 downloads); |
Document downloads | 1 | Combined matrix (DNA + Morphology) in nexus format (1 download); |