Project 3943: F. Mao, C. Zhang, C. Liu, J. Meng. 2021. Fossoriality and evolutionary development in two Cretaceous mammaliamorphs. Nature. 592 (7855):577-582.
Abstract
Mammaliamorpha comprises the last common ancestor of Tritylodontidae and Mammalia plus all its descendants. Tritylodontids are nonmammaliaform herbivorous cynodonts that originated in the Late Triassic epoch, diversified in the Jurassic period and survived into the Early Cretaceous epoch. Eutriconodontans have generally been considered to be an extinct mammalian group, although different views exist. Here we report a newly discovered tritylodontid and eutriconodontan from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of China. Eutriconodontans are common in this biota, but it was not previously known to contain tritylodontids. The two distantly related species show convergent features that are adapted for fossorial life, and are the first ‘scratch-diggers’ known from this biota. Both species also show an increased number of presacral vertebrae, relative to the ancestral state in synapsids or mammals that display meristic and homeotic changes. These fossils shed light on the evolutionary development of the axial skeleton in mammaliamorphs, which has been the focus of numerous studies in vertebrate evolution and developmental biology. The phenotypes recorded by these fossils indicate that developmental plasticity in somitogenesis and HOX gene expression in the axial skeleton—similar to that observed in extant mammals—was already in place in stem mammaliamorphs. The interaction of these developmental mechanisms with natural selection may have underpinned the diverse phenotypes of body plan that evolved independently in various clades of mammaliamorph.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03433-2
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3943, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3943
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 31842 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 551 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 1475 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:551/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 3943
MorphoBank Project 3943
- Creation Date:
24 February 2021 - Publication Date:
07 April 2021 - Project views: 13908
- Matrix downloads: 19
Authors' Institutions
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- City University of New York
- American Museum of Natural History
- Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), CAS
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment
- Beipiao Pterosaur Museum of China
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | media notes | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||||||
Fangyuan Mao Project Administrator | 123 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 551 | 0 | 551 | 0 | 0 | 31842 (31841, 0, 1) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Jin Meng Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Chi Zhang Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27259' (121 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Thrinaxodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 189 | 366 | 362 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[2] † Massetognathus Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 263 | 288 | 288 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[3] † Probainognathus Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 235 | 317 | 316 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[4] † Fossiomanus Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 352 | 204 | 199 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[5] † Oligokyphus Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 256 | 300 | 295 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[6] † Kayentatherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 287 | 266 | 264 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[7] † Yunnanodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 426 | 125 | 125 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[8] † Bocatherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 454 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[9] † Bienotheroides Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 338 | 215 | 213 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[10] † Bienotherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 364 | 189 | 187 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[11] † Tritylodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 469 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[12] † Pachygenelus Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 207 | 344 | 344 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[13] † Sinoconodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 186 | 367 | 365 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[14] † Morganucodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 127 | 431 | 424 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[15] † Megazostrodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 166 | 386 | 385 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[16] † Haldanodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 198 | 354 | 353 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[17] † Castorocauda Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 301 | 250 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[18] † Docofossor Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 272 | 282 | 279 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[19] † Agilodocodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 192 | 359 | 359 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[20] † Pseudotherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 447 | 110 | 104 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[21] † Riograndia Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 352 | 203 | 199 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[22] † Brasilodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 300 | 255 | 251 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[23] † Brasilitherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 409 | 150 | 142 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[24] † Adalatherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 328 | 225 | 223 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[25] † Vintana-A Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 404 | 149 | 147 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[26] † Eleutherodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 495 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[27] † Sineleutherus Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 501 | 51 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[28] † Thomasia Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 486 | 66 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[29] † Haramiyavia Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 422 | 130 | 129 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[30] † Arboroharamiya Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 249 | 309 | 302 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[31] † Xianshou Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 267 | 288 | 284 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[32] † Shenshou Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 238 | 317 | 313 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[33] † Qishou Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 254 | 302 | 297 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[34] † Vilevolodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 348 | 204 | 203 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[35] † Maioparragium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 425 | 127 | 126 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[36] † Kuehneodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 411 | 141 | 140 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[37] † Rugosodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 290 | 262 | 261 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[38] † Jeholbaatar Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 248 | 305 | 303 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[39] † Sinobaatar Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 228 | 329 | 323 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[40] † Ptilodus Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 234 | 319 | 317 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[41] † Taeniolabis Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 368 | 185 | 183 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[42] † Lambdopsalis Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 225 | 332 | 326 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[43] † Catopsbaatar Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 283 | 270 | 268 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[44] † Chulsanbaatar Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 254 | 297 | 297 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[45] † Nemegtbaatar Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 264 | 288 | 287 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[46] † Kryptobaatar Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 206 | 348 | 345 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[47] † Yubaatar Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 228 | 333 | 323 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[48] † Sphenopsalis Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 428 | 124 | 123 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[49] † Hadrocodium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 278 | 273 | 273 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[50] † Shuotherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 428 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[51] † Pseudotribos Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 351 | 200 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[52] † Asfaltomylos Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 440 | 111 | 111 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[53] † Ambondro Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 464 | 87 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[54] † Ausktribosphenos Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 425 | 126 | 126 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[55] † Bishops Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 424 | 127 | 127 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[56] † Teinolophos Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 422 | 130 | 129 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[57] † Steropodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 468 | 83 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[58] † Obdurodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 301 | 250 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[59] Ornithorhynchus Last Modified in 02/24/21 | 171 | 383 | 380 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[60] Tachyglossus Last Modified in 02/24/21 | 223 | 330 | 328 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[61] † Fruitafossor Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 348 | 203 | 203 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[62] † Gobiconodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 154 | 399 | 397 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[63] † Repenomamus Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 139 | 414 | 412 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[64] † Amphilestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 432 | 119 | 119 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[65] † Yanoconodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 230 | 321 | 321 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[66] † Liaoconodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 205 | 353 | 345 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[67] † Jeholodens Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 217 | 334 | 334 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[68] † Jueconodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 257 | 297 | 294 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[69] † Chaoyangodens Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 283 | 270 | 268 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[70] † Trioracodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 379 | 173 | 172 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[71] † Priacodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 336 | 216 | 215 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[72] † Tinodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 437 | 116 | 114 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[73] † Akidolestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 237 | 315 | 314 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[74] † Spalacotherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 382 | 171 | 169 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[75] † Zhangheotherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 167 | 386 | 384 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[76] † Maotherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 168 | 386 | 383 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[77] † Origolestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 145 | 417 | 406 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[78] † Anebodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 372 | 183 | 179 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[79] † Lactodens Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 367 | 188 | 184 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[80] † Kiyatherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 388 | 166 | 163 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[81] † Dryolestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 350 | 201 | 201 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[82] † Henkelotherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 278 | 273 | 273 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[83] † Amphitherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 393 | 159 | 158 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[84] † Peramus Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 373 | 181 | 178 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[85] † Vincelestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 119 | 435 | 432 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[86] † Nanolestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 391 | 160 | 160 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[87] † Montanalestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 420 | 131 | 131 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[88] † Prokennalestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 314 | 239 | 237 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[89] † Eomaia Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 202 | 349 | 349 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[90] † Juramaia Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 346 | 204 | 204 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[91] † Sinodelphys (modified) Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 290 | 262 | 261 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[92] † Ambolestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 298 | 263 | 253 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[93] † Volaticotherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 374 | 181 | 177 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[94] † Kennalestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 232 | 321 | 319 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[95] † Asioryctes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 150 | 401 | 401 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[96] † Ukhaatherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 229 | 322 | 322 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[97] † Zalambdalestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 102 | 458 | 449 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[98] † Daulestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 285 | 268 | 266 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[99] † Aspanlestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 399 | 152 | 152 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[100] † Cimolestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 363 | 188 | 188 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[101] † Gypsonictops Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 366 | 185 | 185 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[102] † Protungulatum Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 315 | 238 | 236 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[103] Erinaceus Last Modified in 02/24/21 | 63 | 490 | 488 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[104] † Leptictis Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 102 | 449 | 449 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[105] Rattus Last Modified in 02/24/21 | 141 | 410 | 410 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[106] † Oryctolagus Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 125 | 426 | 426 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[107] Bradypus Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 216 | 337 | 335 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[108] Dasypus Last Modified in 02/24/21 | 210 | 343 | 341 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[109] † Holoclemensia Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 439 | 112 | 111 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[110] † Deltatheridium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 244 | 309 | 307 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[111] † Sulestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 358 | 193 | 193 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[112] † Asiatherium Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 213 | 339 | 338 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[113] † Kokopellia Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 389 | 163 | 162 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[114] † Didelphodon Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 308 | 243 | 243 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[115] † Mayulestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 131 | 420 | 420 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[116] † Pucadelphys Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 107 | 444 | 444 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[117] † Andinodelphys Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 232 | 319 | 319 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[118] Didelphis Last Modified in 02/24/21 | 60 | 493 | 491 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[119] Marmosa Last Modified in 02/24/21 | 61 | 490 | 490 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[120] † Caenolestes Last Modified in 04/09/21 | 93 | 458 | 458 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[121] Dasyurus Last Modified in 02/24/21 | 68 | 485 | 483 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 13908 | |
Project overview | 912 | |
Matrix views | 684 | Fossoriality and evolutionary development in two Cretaceous mammaliamorphs (121 views); Matrix landing page (562 views); Data matrix from supplemental data (1 view); |
Taxon list | 7383 | |
Specimen list | 1506 | |
Bibliography | 396 | |
Media views | 1996 | Media search (1698 views); M739217 (298 views); |
Views for media list | 1024 | |
Documents list | 7 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 74 | |
Project downloads | 55 | |
Matrix downloads | 19 | Fossoriality and evolutionary development in two Cretaceous mammaliamorphs (19 downloads); |