Project 4306: F. J. Degrange, D. T. Ksepka, C. P. Tambussi. 2018. Redescription of the oldest crown clade penguin: cranial osteology, jaw myology, neuroanatomy, and phylogenetic affinities of Madrynornis mirandus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 38 (2):e1445636.
Abstract
Madrynornis mirandus, one of the few fossil penguins known from a nearly complete articulated skeleton, represents a key taxon for understanding the stem-crown transition in penguins. Despite the wealth of morphological character data preserved in the holotype specimen, the phylogenetic placement of this early late Miocene taxon has remained controversial. Reexamination of the Madrynornis mirandus holotype provides support for placement within the penguin crown clade. However, this placement is highly sensitive to the molecular signal and Madrynornis falls just outside the crown clade when molecular data are excluded. The neuroanatomy of Madrynornis shares many derived features with extant penguins, including an airencephalic brain shape, highly reduced bulbus olfactorius, and absence of an interaural pathway. However, the brain endocast differs from all surveyed extant species in that the eminentia sagittalis (wulst) is less caudally expanded, the tectum opticus is relatively less developed, and the flocculus is stouter and more laterally disposed. The cranial osteology and reconstructed jaw myology of Madrynornis suggest a primarily piscivorous diet, which likely characterizes the clade uniting Madrynornis, Inguza, Eudyptula, and Spheniscus.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2018.1445636
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4306, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4306
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 10446 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 244 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 607 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:205/39 |
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MorphoBank Project 4306
MorphoBank Project 4306
- Creation Date:
07 July 2022 - Publication Date:
24 January 2023 - Project views: 3927
- Matrix downloads: 1
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- Bruce Museum of Arts and Science, Greenwich
- Universidad Nacional de Cordoba (UNC)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Katherine Walton Project Administrator | 73 | 1 | 1 | 244 | 0 | 0 | 10446 (8640, 0, 1806) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Brooke Long-Fox Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M28979' (73 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Gavia immer Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 22 | 176 | 176 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] Gavia stellata Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 12 | 187 | 186 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] Daption capense Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 17 | 182 | 182 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] Diomedea exulans Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 31 | 168 | 168 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] Macronectes giganteus Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 16 | 185 | 181 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] Oceanites oceanicus Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 17 | 181 | 181 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] Oceanodroma leucorhoa Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 18 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] Pachyptila desolata Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 17 | 183 | 182 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] Pelecanoides urinatrix Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 17 | 181 | 180 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] Phoebastria immutabilis Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 26 | 173 | 173 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] Phoebetria palpebrata Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 17 | 181 | 181 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] Procellaria cinerea Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 86 | 149 | 149 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] Pterodroma brevirostris Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 82 | 153 | 153 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] Puffinus gravis Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 25 | 175 | 174 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] Thalassarche melanophrys Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 25 | 174 | 173 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] Aptenodytes forsteri Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 1 | 238 | 237 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] Aptenodytes patagonicus Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 5 | 234 | 233 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] Pygoscelis antarctica Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 7 | 235 | 232 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] Pygoscelis papua Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 6 | 239 | 233 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] Pygoscelis adeliae Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 1 | 239 | 238 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] † Madrynornis mirandus Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 1 | 115 | 115 | 0 | 128 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] Megadyptes antipodes Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 2 | 237 | 237 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] Eudyptes chrysolophus Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 1 | 243 | 242 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] Eudyptes chrysocome Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 26 | 217 | 216 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] Eudyptes filholi Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 27 | 215 | 215 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] Eudyptes moseleyi Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 20 | 223 | 222 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] Eudyptes pachyrhynchus Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 3 | 243 | 239 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] Eudyptes robustus Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 21 | 224 | 221 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] Eudyptes schlegeli Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 6 | 237 | 236 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] Eudyptes sclateri Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 20 | 225 | 223 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] Eudyptula minor Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 2 | 241 | 238 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] † Inguza predemersus Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 190 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] † Nucleornis insolitus Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 230 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] Spheniscus demersus Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 4 | 237 | 236 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] Spheniscus magellanicus Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 5 | 235 | 235 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] Spheniscus humboldti Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 3 | 238 | 237 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] Spheniscus mendiculus Last Modified in 09/15/22 | 6 | 233 | 233 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] † Spheniscus urbinai Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 159 | 86 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] † Spheniscus megaramphus Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 200 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] † Spheniscus muizoni Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 78 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 120 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] † Marplesornis novaezealandiae Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 160 | 58 | 58 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] † Palaeospheniscus biloculata Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 48 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] † Palaeospheniscus bergi Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 178 | 51 | 50 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] † Palaeospheniscus patagonicus Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 154 | 66 | 65 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] Eretiscus tonnii Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 191 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] † Platydyptes novaezealandiae Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 199 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] † Platydyptes marplesi Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 181 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] † Pachydyptes ponderosus Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 166 | 39 | 38 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] † Archaeospheniscus lowei Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 194 | 34 | 34 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[50] † Paraptenodytes antarcticus Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 156 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[51] † Archaeospheniscus lopdelli Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 200 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[52] † Perudyptes devriesi Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 162 | 50 | 49 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[53] † Icadyptes salasi Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 145 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[54] † Inkayacu paracasensis Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 143 | 99 | 99 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[55] † Burnside "palaeeudyptes" Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 179 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[56] † Kairuku waitaki Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 177 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[57] † Kairuku grebneffi Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 166 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[58] † Palaeeudyptes klekowskii Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 167 | 48 | 48 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[59] † Palaeeudyptes gunnari Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 172 | 43 | 42 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[60] † Anthropornis sp. UCMP 321023 Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 221 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[61] † Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 201 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[62] † Anthropornis grandis Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 199 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[63] † Notodyptes wimani Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 212 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[64] † Delphinornis gracilis Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 206 | 13 | 12 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[65] † Delphinornis arctowskii Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 206 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[66] † Delphinornis larseni Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 205 | 13 | 12 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[67] † Mesetaornis polaris Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 205 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[68] † Marambiornis exilis Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 205 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[69] † Waimanu tuatahi Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 160 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[70] † Waimanu manneringi Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 193 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[71] † Duntroonornis parvus Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 224 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[72] † Pygoscelis grandis Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 164 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[73] † Palaeeudyptes antarcticus Last Modified in 01/24/23 | 223 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 3927 | |
Project overview | 274 | |
Taxon list | 1720 | |
Media views | 754 | Media search (631 views); M846855 (123 views); |
Matrix views | 236 | Matrix landing page (219 views); Degrange et al. SI Madrynornis Matrix (17 views); |
Bibliography | 143 | |
Views for media list | 237 | |
Documents list | 172 | |
Specimen list | 391 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 2 | |
Project downloads | 1 | |
Matrix downloads | 1 | Degrange et al. SI Madrynornis Matrix (1 download); |