Project 4335: A. D. Marsh, T. B. Rowe. 2020. A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Journal of Paleontology. 94 (S78):1-103.
Abstract
Dilophosaurus wetherilli was the largest animal known to have lived on land in North America during the Early Jurassic. Despite its charismatic presence in pop culture and dinosaurian phylogenetic analyses, major aspects of the skeletal anatomy, taxonomy, ontogeny, and evolutionary relationships of this dinosaur remain unknown. Skeletons of this species were collected from the middle and lower part of the Kayenta Formation in the Navajo Nation in northern Arizona. Redescription of the holotype, referred, and previously undescribed specimens of Dilophosaurus wetherilli supports the existence of a single species of crested, large-bodied theropod in the Kayenta Formation. The parasagittal nasolacrimal crests are uniquely constructed by a small ridge on the nasal process of the premaxilla, dorsoventrally expanded nasal, and tall lacrimal that includes a posterior process behind the eye. The cervical vertebrae exhibit serial variation within the posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina, which bifurcates and reunites down the neck. Iterative specimen-based phylogenetic analyses result in each of the additional specimens recovered as the sister taxon to the holotype. When all five specimens are included in an analysis, they form a monophyletic clade that supports the monotypy of the genus. Dilophosaurus wetherilli is not recovered as a ceratosaur or coelophysoid, but is instead a non-averostran neotheropod in a grade with other stem-averostrans such as Cryolophosaurus ellioti and Zupaysaurus rougieri. We did not recover a monophyletic ‘Dilophosauridae.’ Instead of being apomorphic for a small clade of early theropods, it is more likely that elaboration of the nasals and lacrimals of stem-averostrans is plesiomorphically present in early ceratosaurs and tetanurans that share those features. Many characters of the axial skeleton of Dilophosaurus wetherilli are derived compared to Late Triassic theropods and may be associated with macropredation and an increase in body size in Theropoda across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2020.14
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4335, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4335
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 10451 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 359 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 801 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:1/358 |
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MorphoBank Project 4335
MorphoBank Project 4335
- Creation Date:
23 July 2022 - Publication Date:
19 April 2023 - Project views: 3737
- Matrix downloads: 2
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- University of Texas at Austin
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | media notes | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||||||
Katherine Walton Project Administrator | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 359 | 0 | 359 | 0 | 0 | 10451 (10451, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Brooke Long-Fox Full membership | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29102' (49 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Erythrosuchus africanus Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 43 | 316 | 316 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Euparkeria capensis Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 20 | 340 | 339 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Revueltosaurus callenderi Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 48 | 311 | 311 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Aetosaurus ferratus Last Modified in 04/12/23 | 125 | 235 | 234 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Arizonasaurus babbitti Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 157 | 202 | 202 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] † Effigia okeeffeae Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 89 | 270 | 270 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Batrachotomus kuperferzellensis Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 57 | 302 | 302 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Postosuchus kirkpatricki Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 62 | 297 | 297 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Dromicosuchus grallator Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 123 | 236 | 236 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Eudimorphodon ranzii Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 183 | 176 | 176 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Dimorphodon macronyx Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 162 | 197 | 197 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Lagerpeton chanarensis Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 219 | 140 | 140 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] † Dromomeron romeri Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 288 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] † Dromomeron gregorii Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 311 | 48 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] † Marasuchus lilloensis Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 163 | 197 | 196 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] † Eucoelophysis baldwini Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 330 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] † Sacisaurus agudoensis Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 259 | 102 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Silesaurus opolensis Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 60 | 300 | 299 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] † Eocursor parvus Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 225 | 134 | 134 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] † Pisanosaurus mertii Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 262 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] † Heterodontosaurus tucki Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 63 | 298 | 296 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] † Lesothosaurus dianosticus Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 73 | 286 | 286 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † Scutellosaurus lawleri Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 179 | 181 | 180 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Saturnalia tupiniquim Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 159 | 204 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] † Plateosaurus engelhardti Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 19 | 341 | 340 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] † Efraasia minor Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 67 | 292 | 292 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] † Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 42 | 318 | 317 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] † Staurikosaurus pricei Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 224 | 135 | 135 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] † Chindesaurus bryansmalli Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 271 | 89 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] † Eoraptor lunensis Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 95 | 265 | 264 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] † Tawa hallae Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 48 | 311 | 311 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] † Coelophysis bauri Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 27 | 334 | 332 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] † Syntarsus kayentakatae Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 97 | 262 | 262 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] † Liliensternus liliensterni Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 149 | 212 | 210 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] † Zupaysaurus rougieri Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 245 | 114 | 114 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] † Cryolophosaurus ellioti Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 216 | 143 | 143 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] † Ceratosaurus nasicornis Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 74 | 285 | 285 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] † Piatnitzkysaurus floresi Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 178 | 181 | 181 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] † Allosaurus fragilis Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 21 | 338 | 338 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] † Velociraptor mongoliensis Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 64 | 295 | 295 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] † Camposaurus arizonensis Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 330 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] † Coelophysis rhodesiensis Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 26 | 333 | 333 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] † Lepidus praecisio Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 309 | 51 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] † Eodromaeus murphi Last Modified in 04/19/23 | 135 | 230 | 224 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] UCMP 37302 Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 87 | 275 | 272 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] UCMP 37303 Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 242 | 118 | 117 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] UCMP 77270 Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 113 | 249 | 246 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] TMM 43646 Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 130 | 232 | 229 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] TMM 47006 Last Modified in 12/16/22 | 311 | 50 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 3737 | |
Project overview | 288 | |
Matrix views | 195 | Matrix landing page (183 views); Supplemental Data 4 (12 views); |
Media views | 682 | Media search (572 views); M861559 (110 views); |
Documents list | 178 | |
Bibliography | 133 | |
Views for media list | 210 | |
Specimen list | 342 | |
Taxon list | 1709 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 5 | |
Project downloads | 3 | |
Matrix downloads | 2 | Supplemental Data 4 (2 downloads); |