Project 4348: E. Villalobos-Segura, G. Marramà, G. Carnevale, K. M. Claeson, C. J. Underwood, G. J. Naylor, J. Kriwet. 2022. The Phylogeny of Rays and Skates (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) Based on Morphological Characters Revisited. Diversity. 14 (6):456.
Abstract
Elasmobranchii are relatively well-studied. However, numerous phylogenetic uncertainties about their relationships remain. Here, we revisit the phylogenetic evidence based on a detailed morphological re-evaluation of all the major extant batomorph clades (skates and rays), including several holomorphic fossil taxa from the Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, and an extensive outgroup sampling, which includes sharks, chimaeras and several other fossil chondrichthyans. The parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses found more resolved but contrasting topologies, with the Bayesian inference tree neither supporting nor disfavouring any of them. Overall, the analyses result in similar clade compositions and topologies, with the Jurassic batomorphs forming the sister clade to all the other batomorphs, whilst all the Cretaceous batomorphs are nested within the remaining main clades. The disparate arrangements recovered under the different criteria suggest that a detailed study of Jurassic taxa is of utmost importance to present a more consistent topology in the deeper nodes, as issues continue to be present when analysing those clades previously recognized only by molecular analyses (e.g., Rhinopristiformes and Torpediniformes). The consistent placement of fossil taxa within specific groups by the different phylogenetic criteria is promising and indicates that the inclusion of more fossil taxa in the present matrix will likely not cause loss of resolution, therefore suggesting that a strong phylogenetic signal can be recovered from fossil taxa.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.3390/d14060456
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4348, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4348
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 9812 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 142 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 315 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:142/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 4348
MorphoBank Project 4348
- Creation Date:
29 July 2022 - Publication Date:
18 August 2022 - Project views: 5749
- Matrix downloads: 2
Authors' Institutions
- Università degli Studi di Torino (University of Turin)
- University of Vienna
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine
- Birkbeck, University of London
- Florida Museum of Natural History
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Katherine Walton Project Administrator | 87 | 1 | 1 | 142 | 0 | 0 | 9812 (9034, 0, 778) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Eduardo Villalobos-Segura Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M28891' (87 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Doliodus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 89 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Cobelodus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 68 | 67 | 67 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Chimaera Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 13 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Harriotta Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 12 | 101 | 101 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Ozarcus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 93 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] Chlamydoselachus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 0 | 119 | 119 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] Hexanchus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 1 | 117 | 117 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] Heterodontus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 0 | 121 | 120 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] Squatina Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 12 | 109 | 109 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] Pristiophorus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 13 | 109 | 109 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] Squalus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 2 | 119 | 118 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Pseudorhina Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 32 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] † Protospinax Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 37 | 87 | 87 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] Ginglymostoma Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 12 | 108 | 108 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] Hemiscyllium Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 22 | 101 | 101 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] † Hamiltonichthys Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 61 | 82 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] † Tribodus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 56 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Hybodus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 44 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] Scyliorhinus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 20 | 101 | 101 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] Mustelus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 26 | 96 | 96 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] Raja Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 0 | 135 | 135 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] Bathyraja Last Modified in 08/02/22 | 0 | 134 | 134 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † Cyclobatis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 38 | 99 | 99 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Titanonarke Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 39 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] Torpedo Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 2 | 127 | 127 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] Hypnos Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 7 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] Narcine Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 1 | 127 | 127 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] Narke Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 5 | 129 | 128 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] Temera Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 3 | 127 | 127 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] Platyrhina Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 1 | 136 | 136 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] † Eoplatyrhina Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 58 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] Platyrhinoidis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 1 | 135 | 135 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] † Tingitanius Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 58 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] † Tethybatis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 75 | 64 | 64 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] † Kimmerobatis Last Modified in 08/02/22 | 46 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] † Asterodermus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 40 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] † Spathobatis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 29 | 105 | 105 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] † Belemnobatis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 31 | 104 | 104 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] † Rhinobatus maronita Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 32 | 106 | 106 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] † Rhinobatos tenuirostris Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 74 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] † Stahlraja Last Modified in 08/02/22 | 46 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] † Tlalocbatus Last Modified in 08/02/22 | 49 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] Pristis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 3 | 132 | 132 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] Rhynchobatus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 3 | 132 | 132 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] † Rhacolepis latus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 41 | 96 | 96 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] Rhina Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 4 | 130 | 130 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] Glaucostegus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 9 | 126 | 126 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] Rhinobatos Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 0 | 135 | 135 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] Pseudobatos Last Modified in 08/02/22 | 4 | 131 | 131 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[50] † Eorhinobatos Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 60 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[51] † Pseudorhinobatos Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 51 | 87 | 87 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[52] Trygonorrhina Last Modified in 08/02/22 | 2 | 134 | 134 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[53] † Zapteryx Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 0 | 135 | 135 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[54] Aptychotrema Last Modified in 08/02/22 | 5 | 130 | 130 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[55] † Britobatos Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 46 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[56] Zanobatus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 0 | 132 | 132 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[57] † Plesiozanobatus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 67 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[58] † Asterotrygon Last Modified in 08/02/22 | 43 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[59] † Heliobatis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 52 | 85 | 85 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[60] Hexatrygon Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 23 | 114 | 114 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[61] Urolophus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 1 | 136 | 136 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[62] Urobatis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 2 | 135 | 135 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[63] Urotrygon Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 1 | 135 | 134 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[64] Plesiobatis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 4 | 133 | 133 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[65] Hypanus Last Modified in 08/02/22 | 2 | 135 | 135 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[66] Potamotrygon Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 1 | 136 | 135 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[67] Neotrygon Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 0 | 136 | 136 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[68] Gymnura Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 3 | 132 | 132 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[69] Myliobatis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 0 | 135 | 134 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[70] Aetobatus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 2 | 131 | 131 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[71] Rhinoptera Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 0 | 133 | 133 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[72] Mobula Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 6 | 127 | 127 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[73] † Ptychotrygon Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 38 | 95 | 95 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[74] † Sclerorhynchus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 39 | 95 | 95 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[75] † Libanopristis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 41 | 96 | 96 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[76] † Asflapristis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 56 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[77] † Rhakelensis Last Modified in 08/02/22 | 42 | 96 | 96 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[78] † Iansan Last Modified in 08/02/22 | 38 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[79] † Rhombopterygia Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 60 | 78 | 78 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[80] † Rhinobatus whitfieldi Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 43 | 95 | 95 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[81] † Onchopristis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 80 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[82] † Ischyrhiza Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 126 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[83] † Promyliobatis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 69 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[84] † Ostarriraja Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 62 | 78 | 78 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[85] † Arechia Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 67 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[86] † Lessiniabatis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 64 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[87] † Tethytrygon Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 41 | 96 | 96 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 5749 | |
Project overview | 367 | |
Matrix views | 280 | Matrix landing page (250 views); Phylogeny Batomorphii morphological characters revisited DATA MATRIX (30 views); |
Media views | 1041 | Media search (878 views); M846532 (163 views); |
Bibliography | 197 | |
Views for media list | 314 | |
Taxon list | 3058 | |
Specimen list | 491 | |
Documents list | 1 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 4 | |
Project downloads | 2 | |
Matrix downloads | 2 | Phylogeny Batomorphii morphological characters revisited DATA MATRIX (2 downloads); |