Project 441: M. Kuntner, J. A. Coddington, G. Hormiga. 2008. Phylogeny of extant nephilid orb-weaving spiders (Araneae, Nephilidae): testing morphological and ethological homologies. Cladistics. 24 (2):147–217.
Abstract
The Pantropical spider clade Nephilidae is famous for its extreme sexual size dimorphism, for constructing the largest orb-webs known, and for unusual sexual behaviors, which include emasculation and extreme polygamy. We synthesize the available data for the genera Nephila, Nephilengys, Herennia and Clitaetra to produce the first species level phylogeny of the family. We score 231 characters (197 morphological, 34 behavioral) for 61 taxa: 32 of the 37 known nephilid species plus two Phonognatha and one Deliochus species, 10 tetragnathid outgroups, nine araneids, and one genus each of Nesticidae, Theridiidae, Theridiosomatidae, Linyphiidae, Pimoidae, Uloboridae and Deinopidae. Four most parsimonious trees resulted, among which successive weighting preferred one ingroup topology. Neither an analysis of an alternative data set based on different morphological interpretations, nor separate analyses of morphology and behavior are superior to the total evidence analysis, which we therefore propose as the working hypothesis of nephilid relationships, and the basis for classification. Ingroup generic relationships are (Clitaetra (Herennia (Nephila, Nephilengys))). Deliochus and Phonognatha group with Araneidae rather than Nephilidae. Nephilidae is sister to all other araneoids (contra most recent literature). Ethological data, although difficult to obtain and thus frequently missing for rare taxa, are phylogenetically informative. We explore the evolution of selected morphological and behavioral characters, discuss and redefine the homology of palpal sclerites, disprove semientelegyny in spiders, trace the newly interpreted evolution of the orb web, and show that nephilid genital morphologies coevolve with sexual behaviors and extreme sexual size dimorphism. Phylogenetic interpretations of behavior suggest new insights into spider biology and avenues for future research.Read the article »
Project DOI: 10.7934/P441, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P441
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 12730 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 231 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 493 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:231/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 441
MorphoBank Project 441
- Creation Date:
21 November 2010 - Publication Date:
02 November 2011 - Project views: 52152
- Matrix downloads: 9
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
- The George Washington University
- Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA)
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 61 | 0 | 11 | 231 | 0 | 0 | 12730 (11290, 0, 1440) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Maureen Admin Full membership | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Matjaz Kuntner Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M1011' (61 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Deinopis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 184 | 176 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[2] Uloborus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 191 | 186 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[3] Araneus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 202 | 201 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[4] Araniella Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 24 | 183 | 179 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[5] Cyclosa Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 202 | 199 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[6] Perilla Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 28 | 180 | 174 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[7] Singafrotypa Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 42 | 165 | 163 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[8] Argiope aurantia Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 204 | 201 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[9] Argiope argentata Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 207 | 202 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[10] Acusilas Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 15 | 192 | 189 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[11] Caerostris Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 5 | 192 | 187 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[12] Linyphia Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 172 | 171 | 0 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[13] Pimoa Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 177 | 175 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[14] Steatoda Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 170 | 169 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[15] Nesticus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 174 | 172 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[16] Epeirotypus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 198 | 194 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[17] Tetragnatha Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 189 | 185 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[18] Glenognatha Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 17 | 166 | 163 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[19] Pachygnatha Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 24 | 163 | 160 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[20] Azilia Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 199 | 193 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[21] Dolichognatha Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 198 | 195 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[22] Meta Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 204 | 200 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[23] Metellina Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 9 | 193 | 191 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[24] Chrysometa Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 194 | 189 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[25] Leucauge Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 204 | 198 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[26] Opadometa Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 19 | 185 | 175 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[27] Deliochus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 205 | 197 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[28] Phonognatha graeffei Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 206 | 198 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[29] Phonognatha melanopyga Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 30 | 171 | 167 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[30] Clitaetra episinoides Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 26 | 190 | 188 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[31] Clitaetra perroti Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 33 | 184 | 183 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[32] Clitaetra clathrata Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 33 | 183 | 181 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[33] Clitaetra irenae Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 5 | 210 | 206 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[34] Clitaetra simoni Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 119 | 106 | 106 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[35] Clitaetra thisbe Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 118 | 107 | 106 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[36] Nephila clavipes Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 220 | 214 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[37] Nephila sexpunctata Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 36 | 182 | 180 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[38] Nephila constricta Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 26 | 199 | 190 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[39] Nephila fenestrata Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 216 | 214 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[40] Nephila senegalensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 11 | 209 | 207 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[41] Nephila sumptuosa Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 27 | 191 | 188 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[42] Nephila inaurata Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2 | 215 | 211 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[43] Nephila ardentipes Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 44 | 170 | 170 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[44] Nephila turneri Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 32 | 188 | 187 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[45] Nephila komaci Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 106 | 122 | 121 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[46] Nephila pilipes Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 218 | 211 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[47] Nephila antipodiana Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 25 | 195 | 191 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[48] Nephila clavata Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 33 | 185 | 185 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[49] Nephila plumipes Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 11 | 208 | 200 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[50] Nephila edulis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 14 | 201 | 194 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[51] Herennia multipuncta Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 21 | 196 | 193 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[52] Herennia etruscilla Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 23 | 194 | 194 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[53] Herennia deelemanae Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 55 | 157 | 157 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[54] Herennia papuana Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 10 | 205 | 201 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[55] Herennia tone Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 107 | 115 | 112 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[56] Herennia gagamba Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 101 | 120 | 120 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[57] Herennia agnarssoni Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 112 | 109 | 109 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[58] Nephilengys malabarensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 9 | 202 | 200 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[59] Nephilengys papuana Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 207 | 206 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[60] Nephilengys cruentata Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 210 | 209 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[61] Nephilengys borbonica Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 5 | 206 | 205 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 52152 | |
Project overview | 3711 | |
Media views | 16263 | Media search (5625 views); M94129 (847 views); M56268 (1072 views); M94128 (906 views); M94130 (863 views); M94137 (852 views); M94131 (879 views); M94134 (908 views); M94133 (828 views); M94132 (832 views); M94136 (875 views); M94138 (902 views); M94135 (874 views); |
Bibliography | 1244 | |
Taxon list | 18394 | |
Views for media list | 4590 | |
Documents list | 1935 | |
Matrix views | 2851 | Matrix landing page (2515 views); Araneae, Nephilidae (336 views); |
Specimen list | 3164 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 363 | |
Project downloads | 354 | |
Matrix downloads | 9 | Araneae, Nephilidae (9 downloads); |