Project 4445: E. Cadena, A. Link, S. B. Cooke, L. K. Stroik, A. F. Vanegas, M. Tallman. 2021. New insights on the anatomy and ontogeny of the largest extinct freshwater turtles. Heliyon. 7 (12):e08591.
Abstract
There are many questions regarding the largest freshwater turtle that ever existed, including how its morphology changed during its ontogeny and how a single ecosystem was able to support more than one group of giant turtles. Here, we report the first individual preserving an associated skull and shell for Stupendemys geographica (currently the largest known side-necked turtle) and a nearly complete skull of Caninemys tridentata found in Miocene rocks of the Tatacoa Desert in Colombia. These two specimens indicate that more than two large freshwater turtle species shared a single ecosystem during the middle Miocene in northern South America. We also show the changes in the shell and scutes that occurred along the ontogeny of S. geographica, including a flattening of the carapace, constriction of the vertebral scutes, and increase in the height and thickness of the nuchal upturn wall; some of these changes are also evident in extant representatives of Podocnemididae, and have implications for a better understanding of their phylogeny.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08591
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4445, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4445
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 15504 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 268 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 627 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:223/45 |
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MorphoBank Project 4445
MorphoBank Project 4445
- Creation Date:
14 October 2022 - Publication Date:
14 October 2022 - Project views: 10797
- Matrix downloads: 1
Authors' Institutions
- Grand Valley State University
- Universidad de Los Andes
- Johns Hopkins University
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
- Universidad del Rosario
- Museo de Historia Natural la Tatacoa
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 104 | 18 | 18 | 268 | 0 | 0 | 15504 (15050, 0, 454) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29023' (104 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Proganochelys quenstedti Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 52 | 207 | 207 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] † Platychelys oberndorferi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 189 | 78 | 78 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] † Notoemys laticentralis Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 157 | 110 | 110 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] Pseudemydura umbrina Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 85 | 177 | 177 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] Elseya dentata Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 20 | 234 | 234 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] Emydura macquarii Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 23 | 238 | 238 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] Myuchelys latisternum Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 49 | 212 | 212 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] Acanthochelys radiolata Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 62 | 194 | 194 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] Platemys platycephala Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 52 | 204 | 204 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] Phrynops hilarii Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 34 | 226 | 226 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] Phrynops geoffroanus Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 31 | 231 | 229 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] Mesoclemmys nasuta Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 63 | 197 | 197 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] Chelodina colliei Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 26 | 233 | 233 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] † Chelus colombianus Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 213 | 56 | 54 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] Chelus fimbriatus Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 7 | 256 | 252 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] Hydromedusa tectifera Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 15 | 244 | 244 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] Hydromedusa maximilliani Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 170 | 95 | 94 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] † Bonapartemys bajobarrealis Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 207 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Prochelidella cerrobarcinae Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 208 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] † Yaminuechelys maior Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 156 | 108 | 108 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] † Yaminuechelys gasparinii Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 162 | 102 | 102 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] Pelusios castaneus Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 74 | 192 | 190 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] Pelusios castanoides Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 33 | 228 | 228 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] Pelomedusa subrufa Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 8 | 251 | 250 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] † Araripemys barretoi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 29 | 228 | 226 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] † Laganemys tenerensis Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 74 | 188 | 188 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] † Euraxemys essweini Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 59 | 204 | 204 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] † Dirqadim schaefferi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 153 | 112 | 112 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] † Sokatra antitra Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 154 | 109 | 95 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] † Sahonachelys mailakavava Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 20 | 237 | 234 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] † Kurmademys kallamedensis Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 67 | 193 | 176 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] † Sankuchemys sethnai Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 186 | 79 | 51 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] † Jainemys pisdurensis (composite) Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 174 | 95 | 93 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] † Atolchelys lepida Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 197 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] † Cearachelys placidoi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 61 | 206 | 204 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] † Galianemys emringeri Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 144 | 121 | 120 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Galianemys whitei Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 145 | 120 | 119 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Kinkonychelys rogersi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 178 | 86 | 74 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Foxemys mechinorum Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 69 | 197 | 195 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] † Foxemys trabanti Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 135 | 134 | 133 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † Polysternon provinciale Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 133 | 133 | 132 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Araiochelys hirayamen Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 119 | 147 | 147 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Zolhafah bella Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 180 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] † Rosasia soutoi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 145 | 120 | 120 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] † Bothremys maghrebiana Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 117 | 151 | 149 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] † Bothremys cooki Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 158 | 108 | 108 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] † Bothremys arabicus Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 200 | 66 | 66 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] † Bothremys kellyi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 168 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] † Chedighaii hutchisoni Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 177 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] † Chedighaii barberi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 122 | 145 | 145 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] † Taphrosphys sulcatus Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 137 | 132 | 131 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] † Taphrosphys ippolitoi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 159 | 109 | 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] † Taphrosphys congolensis Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 190 | 78 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] † Acleistochelys maliensis Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 148 | 117 | 117 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] † Azabbaremys moragjonesi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 161 | 104 | 104 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[56] † Labrostochelys galkini Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 161 | 107 | 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[57] † Phosphatochelys tedfordi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 146 | 122 | 121 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[58] † Ummulisani rutgersensis Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 145 | 123 | 122 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[59] † Rhothonemys brinkmani Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 213 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[60] † Arenila krebsi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 182 | 84 | 84 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[61] † Nigeremys gigantea Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 181 | 84 | 84 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[62] † Brasilemys josai Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 125 | 140 | 140 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[63] † Hamadachelys escuilliei Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 120 | 146 | 146 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[64] † Portezueloemys patagonica Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 188 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[65] † Bauruemys elegans Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 25 | 242 | 240 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[66] † Cambaremys langertoni Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 219 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[67] † Peiropemys mezzalirai Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 142 | 125 | 125 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[68] † Lapparentemys vilavilensis Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 46 | 220 | 220 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[69] † Pricemys caiera Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 196 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[70] Podocnemis vogli Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 44 | 222 | 220 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[71] Podocnemis lewyana Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 58 | 206 | 203 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[72] Podocnemis unifilis Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 5 | 264 | 257 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[73] Podocnemis erythrocephala Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 26 | 239 | 238 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[74] Podocnemis expansa Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 14 | 255 | 251 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[75] Podocnemis sextuberculata Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 23 | 243 | 239 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[76] † Podocnemis bassleri Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 152 | 114 | 114 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[77] Peltocephalus dumerilianus Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 24 | 242 | 237 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[78] Erymnochelys madagascariensis Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 28 | 238 | 233 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[79] † Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 148 | 114 | 114 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[80] † Dacquemys paleomorpha Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 142 | 118 | 118 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[81] † UCMP 42008 Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 198 | 68 | 68 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[82] † Carbonemys cofrinii Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 179 | 85 | 85 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[83] † Kenyemys williamsi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 210 | 58 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[84] † Turkanemys pattersoni Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 76 | 185 | 185 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[85] † Neochelys fajumensis Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 72 | 192 | 189 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[86] † Neochelys arenarum Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 102 | 159 | 158 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[87] † Neochelys franzeni Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 102 | 166 | 162 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[88] † Papoulemys laurenti Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 79 | 182 | 182 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[89] † Mogharemys blackenhorni Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 187 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[90] † Brontochelys gaffneyi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 193 | 70 | 70 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[91] † Lemurchelys diasphax Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 167 | 95 | 95 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[92] † Shweboemys pilgrimi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 183 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[93] † Stereogenys cromeri Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 129 | 133 | 132 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[94] † Cordichelys antiqua Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 75 | 186 | 186 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[95] † Latentemys plowdeni Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 160 | 103 | 103 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[96] † Bairdemys thalassica Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 165 | 102 | 102 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[97] † Bairdemys healeyorum Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 182 | 83 | 83 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[98] † Bairdemys venezuelensis Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 72 | 184 | 184 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[99] † Bairdemys hartsteini Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 137 | 126 | 126 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[100] † Bairdemys sanchezi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 137 | 127 | 127 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[101] † Bairdemys winklerae Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 175 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[102] † Piramys auffenbergi Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 222 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[103] † Caninemys tridentata Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 141 | 126 | 126 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[104] † Stupendemys geographica Last Modified in 10/14/22 | 103 | 169 | 157 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 10797 | |
Project overview | 360 | |
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Matrix views | 273 | Matrix landing page (249 views); S1 dataset (24 views); |
Bibliography | 207 | |
Views for media list | 308 | |
Specimen list | 3011 | |
Taxon list | 3065 | |
Documents list | 9 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 3 | |
Project downloads | 2 | |
Matrix downloads | 1 | S1 dataset (1 download); |