Project 4661: R. V. Pêgas, X. Zhou, X. Jin, K. Wang, W. Ma. 2023. A taxonomic revision of the Sinopterus complex (Pterosauria, Tapejaridae) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota, with the new genus Huaxiadraco. PeerJ. 11:e14829.
Abstract
Tapejarids are edentulous pterosaurs particularly abundant in the Chinese Jiufotang Formation, counting with over 10 described specimens and dozens of undescribed ones. A total of seven nominal tapejarid species (within two genera) have been proposed, though it is disputed how many of those are valid instead of sexual or ontogenetic morphs of fewer, or a single, species. However, detailed revisions of the matter are still lacking. In the present work, we provide a specimen-level survey of anatomical variation in previously described Jiufotang tapejarid specimens, as well as of six new ones. We present qualitative and morphometric comparisons, aiming to provide a basis for a taxonomic reappraisal of the complex. Our results lead us to interpret two Jiufotang tapejarid species as valid: Sinopterus dongi and Huaxiadraco corollatus (gen. et comb. nov.). Our primary taxonomic decisions did not rely around cranial crest features, which have typically been regarded as diagnostic for most of these proposed species albeit ever-growing evidence that these structures are highly variable in pterosaurs, due to ontogeny and sexual dimorphism. However, a reassessment of premaxillary crest variation in the Sinopterus complex reveals that while much of the observed variation (crest presence and size) can easily be attributed to intraspecific (ontogenetic and sexual) variation, some of it (crest shape) does seem to represent interspecific variation indeed. A phylogenetic analysis including the species regarded as valid was also performed.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14829
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4661, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4661
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 9689 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 230 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 579 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:230/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 4661
MorphoBank Project 4661
- Creation Date:
02 May 2023 - Publication Date:
08 May 2023 - Project views: 4146
- Matrix downloads: 2
Authors' Institutions
- Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, Hangzhou
- Hokkaido University
- Universidade Federal do ABC
- China University of Geosciences
- Beipiao Pterosaur Museum of China
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 101 | 1 | 1 | 230 | 0 | 0 | 9689 (7887, 0, 1802) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Xuanyu Zhou Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29267' (101 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Ornithosuchus woodwardi Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 21 | 174 | 174 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 18 | 176 | 176 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Scleromochlus taylori Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 97 | 104 | 104 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Anurognathus ammoni Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 50 | 144 | 144 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Rhamphorhynchus muensteri Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 17 | 182 | 182 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] † Darwinopterus linglongtaensis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 66 | 142 | 142 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Darwinopterus robustodens Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 76 | 132 | 132 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Kunpengopterus sinensis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 58 | 144 | 144 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Pterodactylus antiquus Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 44 | 159 | 159 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Pteranodon longiceps Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 16 | 159 | 159 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Pteranodon sternbergi Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 54 | 122 | 122 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Tethydraco regalis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 216 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] † Nyctosaurus gracilis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 33 | 143 | 143 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] † Muzquizopteryx coahuilensis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 128 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] † Ikrandraco avatar Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 79 | 131 | 131 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] † Lonchodraco giganteus Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 169 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] † Haopterus gracilis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 133 | 79 | 75 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Hongshanopterus lacustris Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 154 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] † Nurhachius ignaciobritoi Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 70 | 139 | 139 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] † Nurhachius luei Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 118 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] † Liaoxipterus brachyognathus Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 198 | 32 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] † Istiodactylus latidens Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 74 | 133 | 133 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † Istiodactylus sinensis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 89 | 118 | 118 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Zhenyuanopterus longirostris Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 87 | 130 | 130 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] † Boreopterus giganticus Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 137 | 77 | 77 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] † Boreopterus cuiae Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 147 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] † Ornithocheirus simus Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 186 | 38 | 38 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] † Targaryendraco wiedenrothi Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 192 | 36 | 36 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] † Aussiedraco molnari Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 207 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] † Barbosania gracilirostris Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 107 | 103 | 103 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] † Camposipterus nasutus Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 182 | 39 | 39 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] † Cimoliopterus cuvieri Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 180 | 47 | 47 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] † Cimoliopterus dunni Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 191 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] † Aetodactylus halli Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 185 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] † Hamipterus tianshanensis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 49 | 170 | 170 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] † Iberodactylus andreui Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 176 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] † Tropeognathus mesembrinus Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 54 | 170 | 170 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] † Siroccopteryx moroccensis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 172 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] † Ferrodraco lentoni Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 155 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] † Mythunga camara Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 212 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] † Aerodraco sedgwickii Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 189 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] † Coloborhynchus clavirostris Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 181 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] † Uktenadactylus wadleighi Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 181 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] † Uktenadactylus rodriguesae Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 209 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] † Nicorhynchus capito Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 201 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] † Nicorhynchus fluviferox Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 206 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] † Anhanguera spielbergi Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 58 | 167 | 167 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] † Anhanguera blittersdorffi Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 97 | 129 | 129 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] † Anhanguera piscator Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 40 | 184 | 184 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[50] † Liaoningopterus gui Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 142 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[51] † Cearadactylus atrox Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 110 | 114 | 114 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[52] † Maaradactylus kellneri Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 136 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[53] † Ludodactylus sibbicki Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 108 | 117 | 117 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[54] † Guidraco venator Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 124 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[55] † Caulkicephalus trimicrodon Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 170 | 57 | 57 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[56] † Dsungaripterus weii Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 38 | 170 | 170 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[57] † Noripterus parvus Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 86 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[58] † Keresdrakon vilsoni Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 99 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[59] † Tupuxuara longicristatus Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 171 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[60] † Tupuxuara leonardii Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 28 | 159 | 159 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[61] † Kariridraco dianae Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 136 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[62] † Thalassodromeus sethi Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 82 | 106 | 106 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[63] † Thalassodromeus oberlii Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 178 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[64] † Caupedactylus ybaka Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 66 | 119 | 119 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[65] † Aymberedactylus cearensis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 163 | 34 | 34 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[66] † Tupandactylus imperator Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 122 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[67] † Tupandactylus navigans Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 71 | 110 | 110 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[68] † Caiuajara dobruski Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 61 | 130 | 130 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[69] † Europejara olcadesorum Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 160 | 36 | 36 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[70] † Tapejara wellnhoferi Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 29 | 162 | 162 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[71] † Afrotapejara zouhri Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 201 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[72] † Bakonydraco galaczi Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 163 | 35 | 35 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[73] † Wightia declivirostris Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 210 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[74] † Eopteranodon lii Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 132 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[75] † Sinopterus dongi Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 62 | 130 | 130 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[76] † Huaxiadraco corollatus Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 86 | 109 | 109 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[77] † M 4895 Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 216 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[78] † Shenzhoupterus chaoyangensis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 94 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[79] † Lacusovagus magnificens Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 173 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[80] † Chaoyangopterus zhangi Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 112 | 81 | 81 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[81] † Jidapterus edentus Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 103 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[82] † Xericeps curvirostris Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 216 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[83] † Leptostomia begaaensis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 215 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[84] † Alanqa saharica Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 215 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[85] † Argentinadraco barrealensis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 217 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[86] † Montanazhdarcho minor Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 212 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[87] † Aralazhdarcho bostobensis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 213 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[88] † Phosphatodraco mauritanicus Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 209 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[89] † Wellnhopterus brevirostris Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 141 | 57 | 56 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[90] † Eurazhdarcho langendorfensis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 208 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[91] † Zhejiangopterus linhaiensis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 85 | 113 | 113 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[92] † Azhdarcho lancicollis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 163 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[93] † Cryodrakon boreas Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 196 | 34 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[94] † Quetzalcoatlus northropi Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 205 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[95] † Quetzalcoatlus lawsoni Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 47 | 152 | 152 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[96] † Quetzalcoatlus fsac-ob 14 Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 212 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[97] † Hatzegopteryx thambema Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 207 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[98] † Albadraco tharmisensis Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 160 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[99] † Arambourgiania philadelphiae Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 211 | 19 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[100] † Mistralazhdarcho maggii Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 199 | 31 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[101] † Aerotitan sudamericanus Last Modified in 05/08/23 | 220 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 4146 | |
Project overview | 273 | |
Bibliography | 131 | |
Matrix views | 214 | Matrix landing page (196 views); TNT matrix (18 views); |
Media views | 648 | Media search (550 views); M862355 (98 views); |
Views for media list | 170 | |
Documents list | 151 | |
Specimen list | 315 | |
Taxon list | 2244 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 3 | |
Project downloads | 1 | |
Matrix downloads | 2 | TNT matrix (2 downloads); |