Project 4712: L. C. Pusch, C. F. Kammerer, V. Fernandez, J. Fröbisch. 2022. Cranial anatomy of Nythosaurus larvatus Owen, 1876, an Early Triassic cynodont preserving a natural endocast. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42 (3):e2174441.
Abstract
Nythosaurus larvatus was one of the first non-mammalian cynodonts to be described, and has played a prominent role in the history of paleoneurology as one of the only representatives of this grade to preserve a natural brain endocast. However, the anatomy and relationships of this taxon are obscure, in large part because the only known specimen is incomplete and partially mouldic. Recent literature has generally treated this taxon as either dubious or synonymous with the best-known Early Triassic cynodont, Thrinaxodon liorhinus. Here, we redescribe N. larvatus based on μCT imaging of the holotype NHMUK PV R1715, revealing the never-before-seen and reasonably well-preserved palate and braincase of this specimen. We demonstrate that Nythosaurus is a distinct taxon, differing from Thrinaxodon in its dental morphology, incomplete secondary palate, and bony labyrinth morphology, in which the posterior semicircular canal is the longest of the three semicircular canals. Inclusion of Nythosaurus in a phylogenetic analysis indicates that it represents a basal epicynodont.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2023.2174441
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4712, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4712
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 2264 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 110 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 253 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:110/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 4712
MorphoBank Project 4712
- Creation Date:
08 June 2023 - Publication Date:
08 June 2023 - Project views: 2917
- Matrix downloads: 2
Authors' Institutions
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin
- Natural History Museum, London
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh
- Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin (Humboldt University Berlin)
- University of the Witwatersrand
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 27 | 1 | 1 | 110 | 0 | 0 | 2264 (2264, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29302' (27 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Cyonosaurus longiceps Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 19 | 92 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] † Aelurognthus trigiceps Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 31 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] † Lycosuchus vanderrieti Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 24 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] † Glanosuchus macrops Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 11 | 99 | 99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] † Olivierosuchus parringtoni Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 8 | 102 | 102 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] † Moschorhinus kitchingi Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 12 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] † Hofmeyria atavus Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 22 | 89 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] † Theriognathus microps Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 11 | 101 | 99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] † Regisaurus jacobi Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 28 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] † Bauria cynops Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 15 | 96 | 95 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] † Procynosuchus delaharpeae Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 4 | 107 | 106 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] † Dvinia prima Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 20 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] † Vetusodon elikhulu Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 23 | 90 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] † Cynosaurus suppostus Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 29 | 85 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] † Galesaurus planiceps Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 2 | 111 | 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] † Progalesaurus lootsbergensis Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 32 | 78 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] † Thrinaxodon liorhinus Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 3 | 107 | 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] † Nanictosaurus kitchingi Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 51 | 60 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Platycraniellus elegans Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 38 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] † Cynognathus crateronotus Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 10 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] † Diademodon tetragonus Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 6 | 106 | 104 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] † Lumkuia fuzzi Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 16 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] † Charassognathus gracilis Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 65 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] † Abdalodon diastematicus Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 69 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] † Abdaldodon muchingaensis Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 36 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] † Bolotridon frerensis Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 73 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] † Nythosaurus larvatus Last Modified in 06/08/23 | 67 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 2917 | |
Project overview | 203 | |
Media views | 591 | Media search (497 views); M862541 (94 views); |
Matrix views | 151 | Matrix landing page (145 views); Matrix (6 views); |
Documents list | 144 | |
Bibliography | 112 | |
Views for media list | 161 | |
Specimen list | 301 | |
Taxon list | 1254 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 3 | |
Project downloads | 1 | |
Matrix downloads | 2 | Matrix (2 downloads); |