Project 4811: D.M. Casali, A. Boscaini, T.J. Gaudin, F. A. Perini. 2022. Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 196 (4):1743-1743.
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Folivora) have been extensively studied in the past few decades using maximum parsimony approaches. Recently, Bayesian phylogenetic methods also began to be employed for this task, with advances in methods for data partitioning and tip-dating analyses leading to exciting new possibilities in morphological phylogenetics. In this context, we assembled the largest morphological data set ever applied to sloths and reassessed their phylogeny and divergence times, evaluating alternative models of partitioning and dating in a Bayesian framework. The updated phylogeny of sloths is largely in agreement with previous morphological studies, with Bradypus recovered as sister to Eufolivora, the presence of two major sloth clades (Mylodontoidea and Megatherioidea) and Choloepus among Megalonychidae. However, the present study yields some important advances in understanding the relationships of genera with historically unresolved or controversial allocations. The major sloth clades diversified from the Late Eocene to the Early Miocene. Homoplasy-based partition models outperformed anatomical partitioning and unpartitioned analyses, with considerable impacts on topology and posterior probabilities. Estimates obtained using homoplasy-partitioned models with Bayesian analyses were in strong agreement with those of maximum parsimony. We emphasize the importance of model comparison with Bayes factors and the assessment of synapomorphies in Bayesian morphological phylogenetics.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac092
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4811, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4811
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 24918 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 510 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 1198 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:437/73 |
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MorphoBank Project 4811
MorphoBank Project 4811
- Creation Date:
03 August 2023 - Publication Date:
03 August 2023 - Project views: 3985
- Matrix downloads: 7
Authors' Institutions
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- University of Tennessee
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 76 | 6 | 6 | 510 | 0 | 0 | 24918 (23865, 0, 1053) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29415' (76 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Dasypus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 95 | 397 | 382 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] Euphractus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 68 | 422 | 410 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] Cyclopes Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 55 | 387 | 364 | 0 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] † Palaeomyrmidon Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 356 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] † Protamandua Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 277 | 174 | 174 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] Tamandua Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 8 | 438 | 408 | 0 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] Myrmecophaga Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 11 | 419 | 405 | 0 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] † Neotamandua Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 231 | 197 | 194 | 0 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] † Pseudoglyptodon Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 460 | 47 | 47 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] Bradypus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 34 | 492 | 448 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] † Schismotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 94 | 434 | 411 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] † Pelecyodon Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 147 | 371 | 358 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] † Hapalops Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 20 | 548 | 485 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] Analcimorphus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 215 | 304 | 291 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] † "Xyophorus" Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 395 | 115 | 114 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] † Mionothropus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 116 | 389 | 389 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] † Pronothrotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 148 | 359 | 358 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] † Nothrotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 12 | 486 | 477 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Nothrotheriops Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 10 | 493 | 480 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] † Planops Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 144 | 365 | 362 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] † Prepoplanops Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 205 | 302 | 302 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] † Prepotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 376 | 132 | 132 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] † Megathericulus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 280 | 227 | 226 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] † Diabolotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 220 | 287 | 286 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] † Aymaratherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 426 | 85 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] † Thalassocnus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 51 | 465 | 433 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] † Anisodontherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 407 | 101 | 101 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] † Pyramiodontherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 258 | 250 | 242 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] † Megatheriops Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 263 | 239 | 239 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] † Proeremotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 371 | 142 | 138 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] † Eremotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 15 | 498 | 477 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] † Megatherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 30 | 493 | 465 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] † Hyperleptus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 296 | 213 | 210 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] † Megalonychotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 359 | 148 | 148 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] † Eucholoeops Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 98 | 442 | 406 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] Choloepus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 33 | 494 | 458 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Acratocnus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 74 | 459 | 431 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Neocnus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 106 | 444 | 398 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Parocnus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 114 | 412 | 394 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] † Megalocnus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 99 | 421 | 408 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † Pliomorphus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 280 | 234 | 227 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Pliometanastes Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 236 | 271 | 268 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Megalonyx Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 17 | 525 | 485 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] † Australonyx Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 183 | 329 | 324 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] † Ahytherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 127 | 379 | 379 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] † Megistonyx Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 388 | 121 | 121 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] † Nohochichak Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 370 | 137 | 137 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] † Xybalbaonyx Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 172 | 350 | 334 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] † Octomylodon Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 367 | 120 | 120 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] † Octodontotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 243 | 264 | 263 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] † Paroctodontotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 415 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] † Nematherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 141 | 377 | 360 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] † Analcitherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 325 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] † Neonematherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 388 | 119 | 119 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] † Sibyllotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 391 | 117 | 117 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[56] † Valgipes Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 73 | 445 | 429 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[57] † Proscelidodon Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 100 | 420 | 403 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[58] † Catonyx Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 19 | 523 | 484 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[59] † Scelidotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 11 | 534 | 490 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[60] † Pseudoprepotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 155 | 352 | 350 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[61] † Urumacotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 340 | 166 | 166 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[62] † Brievabradys Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 413 | 95 | 95 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[63] † Thinobadistes Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 100 | 405 | 397 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[64] † Lestobradys Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 428 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[65] † Bolivartherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 377 | 131 | 130 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[66] † Lestodon Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 52 | 469 | 445 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[67] † Pleurolestodon Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 279 | 225 | 223 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[68] † Simomylodon Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 66 | 448 | 432 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[69] † Glossotheridium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 217 | 287 | 283 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[70] † Ocnotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 149 | 352 | 352 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[71] † Glossotherium Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 7 | 524 | 488 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[72] † Paramylodon Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 5 | 522 | 489 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[73] † Oreomylodon Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 142 | 371 | 358 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[74] † Archaeomylodon Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 377 | 131 | 131 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[75] † Mylodon Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 83 | 433 | 410 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[76] † Mylodonopsis Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 353 | 152 | 151 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 3985 | |
Project overview | 264 | |
Matrix views | 155 | Matrix landing page (146 views); Matrix (9 views); |
Specimen list | 918 | |
Media views | 923 | Media search (453 views); M890528 (78 views); M890529 (77 views); M890530 (77 views); M890531 (78 views); M890532 (79 views); M890533 (81 views); |
Bibliography | 103 | |
Views for media list | 271 | |
Taxon list | 1344 | |
Documents list | 7 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 8 | |
Matrix downloads | 7 | Matrix (7 downloads); |
Document downloads | 1 | Matrix in a CSV format (1 download); |