Project 4815: R. J. LaVine. 2020. The Role of Developmental Constraints in Shaping Macroevolutionary Patterns of Disparity in Agnostine Arthropods. PhD Thesis, University of Chicago. NA:1-141.
Abstract
Phenotypic integration and the associated concept of modularity have long been of interest to those seeking to understand the mechanics of evolvability. Since the publication of the pioneering work by Olson and Miller (1958), the study of patterns of trait covariances has itself evolved into a dynamic field that has its roots in ideas that were beginning to take shape as early as the nineteenth century. Cuvier’s “principle of correlated parts” was such an observation, despite his flawed claim that the seeming perfection in the fit of each component to form a functional whole opposed evolutionary thought as change in one part would cause the entire system to fail (Mayr, 1982). The idea that organisms are composed of correlated sets of parts lends itself well to methods that utilize morphometric data. Because of this, the study of integration and modularity can be extended into the fossil record, where oftentimes the only data available is that relating to morphology. The fossil record also allows for an investigation of these patterns in deep time, which is an opportunity that is not afforded by the study of extant organisms alone. Of particular interest is the idea that integration serves as a constraint on clade disparification. The term “constraint” is intuitively thought of as a limiting factor in terms of evolvability, but it is perhaps better thought of as a factor that can channel evolutionary variation in certain directions (e.g. Gould 1989, 2002). In order to investigate how phenotypic integration affects patterns of morphological diversity, one must first determine if it does, in fact, serve as a long-term constraint. The following studies aim to address that question within the framework of a fossil study system. Chapter 1 presents the phylogenetic framework for the clade of interest, the Agnostina. These small, blind arthropods have been notoriously problematic in terms of systematic classification given their conserved morphologies and their lack of reliable diagnostic characters. Using Bayesian inference and parismony methods, trees were recovered that support much of the existing rank-based systematics of the Agnostina, Chapter 2 explores the structure of integration in a middle Cambrian agnostine, Pentagnostus brighamensis (Resser, 1939) using geometric morphometric methods. The aim of this study was achieved by determining that the integration structure of this agnostine is driven by direct interactions among developmental pathways, thus potentially serving as a long-term constraint. The final chapter, Chapter 3, compares the structure and level of integration in the sister taxon of P. brighamensis, Pentagnostus segmenta (Robison, 1964), as determined by the phylogenetic analyses in Chapter 1. A phylomorphospace was constructed, highlighting Peronopsidae Westergård, 1936 as a morphologically conserved clade relative to other agnostines. It was shown that while Peronopsidae is conserved, that conservation is not due to phenotypic integration acting as a constraint on the clade as the degree of integration in both species is weak and the structure of integration is not conserved among sister taxa. These studies are among the first to investigate the role of integration as a constraint on morphological evolution in fossil arthropods, and they are the first to do so focusing on agnostine arthropods. These are still the first steps into a rich field of study that remains disproportionately represented by research into extant organisms. The methods used herein are part of a toolkit allowing one to interrogate the fossil record and take advantage of its opportunities to pursue questions that can only be answered by observing patterns through time.Read the article »
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4815, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4815
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 3799 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 79 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 209 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:79/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 4815
MorphoBank Project 4815
- Creation Date:
03 August 2023 - Publication Date:
15 August 2023 - Project views: 3669
- Matrix downloads: 1
Authors' Institutions
- University of Chicago
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Shreya Jariwala Project Administrator | 51 | 5 | 5 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 3799 (3799, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29419' (51 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Acmarhachis typicalis Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 3 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] † Agnostus pisiformis Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 6 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] † Agnostotes orientalis Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 2 | 77 | 77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] † Ammagnostus simplexiformis Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 6 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] † Arthrorhachis tarda Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 5 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] † Aspidagnostus laevis Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 3 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] † Agnostardis amplinatis Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 2 | 77 | 77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] † Barrandagnostus barrandei Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 4 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] † Clavagnostus repandus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 4 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] † Condylopyge carinata Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 7 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] † Condylopyge rex Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 5 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] † Corrugatagnostus morea Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 5 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] † Cotalagnostus lens Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 11 | 68 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] † Diplagnostus planicauda Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 2 | 77 | 77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] † Doryagnostus incertus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 5 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] † Doryagnostus wasatchensis Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 5 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] † Eoagnostus roddyi Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 8 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] † Euagnostus opimus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 6 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Eurudagnostus grandis Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 7 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] † Galbagnostus galba Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 7 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] † Geragnostus sidenbladhi Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 5 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] † Glyptagnostus reticulatus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 3 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] † Goniagnostus nathorsti Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 2 | 77 | 77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] † Hadragnostus modestus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 6 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] † Homagnostus captiosus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 6 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] † Hypagnostus brevifrons Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 3 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] † Hypagnostus parvifrons Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 5 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] † Itagnostus interstricta Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 4 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] † Kormagnostus simplex Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 10 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] † Lejopyge laevigata Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 7 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] † Linguagnostus kjerulfi Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 2 | 77 | 77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] † Lotagnostus americanus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 4 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] † Neoagnostus bilobus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 4 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] † Oedorhachis typicalis Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 1 | 78 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] † Oidalagnostus trispinifer Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 1 | 78 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] † Pentagnostus brighamensis Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 5 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Pentagnostus (meragnostus) segmenta Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 3 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Peronopsis integer Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 6 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Peratagnostus orientalis Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 6 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] † Pleuroctenium granulatum Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 8 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † Proagnostus bulbus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 5 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Sulcatagnostus securiger Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 3 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Ptychagnostus atavus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 3 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] † Ptychagnostus praecurrens Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 3 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] † Quadragnostus clarus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 3 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] † Quadrahomagnostus subquadratus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 4 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] † Rhodotypiscus nasonis Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 3 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] † Trinodus elspethi Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 5 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] † Triplagnostus gibbus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 3 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] † Utagnostus songae Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 1 | 78 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] † Utagnostus trispinulus Last Modified in 08/03/23 | 3 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 3669 | |
Project overview | 202 | |
Media views | 877 | Media search (476 views); M890550 (79 views); M890551 (83 views); M890552 (80 views); M890553 (76 views); M890554 (83 views); |
Taxon list | 1402 | |
Bibliography | 106 | |
Views for media list | 165 | |
Specimen list | 638 | |
Matrix views | 140 | Matrix landing page (134 views); LaVine 2020 (6 views); |
Documents list | 139 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 1 | |
Matrix downloads | 1 | LaVine 2020 (1 download); |