Project 5041: K. Rust, X. Ni, K. Tietjen, K. C. Beard. 2023. Phylogeny and paleobiogeography of the enigmatic North American primate Ekgmowechashala illuminated by new fossils from Nebraska (USA) and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (China). Journal of Human Evolution. 185:103452.
Abstract
Ekgmowechashala is a poorly documented but very distinctive primate known only from the late early Oligocene (early Arikareean) of western North America. Because of its highly autapomorphous dentition and spatiotemporal isolation, the phylogenetic and biogeographic affinities of Ekgmowechashala have long been debated. Here, we describe the oldest known fossils of Ekgmowechashala from the Brown Siltstone Beds of the Brule Formation, White River Group of western Nebraska. We also describe a new ekgmowechashaline taxon from the Nadu Formation (late Eocene) in the Baise Basin of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that North American Ekgmowechashala and the new Chinese taxon are sister taxa that are nested within a radiation of southern Asian adapiforms that also includes Gatanthropus, Muangthanhinius, and Bugtilemur. The new Chinese ekgmowechashaline helps fill the considerable disparity in dental morphology between Ekgmowechashala and more primitive ekgmowechashalids known from southern Asia. Our study underscores the fundamental role of southern Asia as a refugium for multiple primate clades during the cooler and drier climatic regime that prevailed after the Eocene–Oligocene transition. The colonization of North America by Ekgmowechashala helps define the beginning of the Arikareean Land Mammal Age and corresponds to an example of the Lazarus effect, whereby a taxon (in this case, the order Primates) reappears suddenly in the fossil record after a lengthy hiatus.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103452
Project DOI: 10.7934/P5041, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P5041
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 19962 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 1031 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 2627 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:705/326 |
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MorphoBank Project 5041
MorphoBank Project 5041
- Creation Date:
18 January 2024 - Publication Date:
18 January 2024 - Project views: 1430
- Matrix downloads: 5
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- University of Kansas
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 46 | 1 | 1 | 1031 | 0 | 0 | 19962 (18908, 0, 1054) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29622' (46 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Adapis parisiensis Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 172 | 831 | 827 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] † Afradapis longicristatus Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 498 | 472 | 465 | 0 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] † Aframonius dieides Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 553 | 448 | 448 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] † Algeripithecus minutus Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 606 | 391 | 391 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] † Anchomomys gaillardi Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 814 | 207 | 207 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] † Anchomomys milleri Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 823 | 197 | 197 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] † Archicebus achilles Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 274 | 727 | 724 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] † Asiadapis cambayensis Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 594 | 423 | 416 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] † Azibius trerki Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 619 | 389 | 388 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] † Bugtilemur mathesoni Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 660 | 350 | 347 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] † Caenopithecus lemuroides Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 562 | 438 | 434 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] † Cantius frugivorus Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 452 | 572 | 561 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] † Djebelemur martinezi Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 729 | 275 | 275 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] † Donrussellia gallica Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 741 | 277 | 274 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] † Donrussellia provincialis Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 658 | 357 | 356 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] † Ekgmowechashala philotau Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 770 | 240 | 238 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] † Gatanthropus micros Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 678 | 333 | 333 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] † Guangxilemur spp. Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 715 | 309 | 309 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Hoanghonius stehlini Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 716 | 302 | 302 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] † Laomaki yunnanensis Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 683 | 330 | 330 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] † Leptadapis filholi Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 687 | 322 | 322 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] † Leptadapis leenhardti Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 728 | 285 | 285 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] † Leptadapis magnus Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 529 | 484 | 484 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] † Magnadapis fredi Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 648 | 365 | 365 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] † Magnadapis intermedius Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 398 | 618 | 611 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] † Magnadapis laurenceae Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 655 | 353 | 353 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] † Magnadapis quercyi Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 658 | 355 | 355 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] † Mahgarita stevensi Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 507 | 490 | 490 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] † Marcgodinotius indicus Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 625 | 394 | 391 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] † Microadapis sciureus Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 708 | 314 | 314 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] † Muangthanhinius siami Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 856 | 169 | 169 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] † Notharctus tenebrosus Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 19 | 999 | 976 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] † Nycticeboides simpsoni Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 446 | 533 | 533 | 0 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] † Paukkaungia parva Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 822 | 207 | 207 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] † Periconodon pygmaeus Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 720 | 286 | 286 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] † Pronycticebus spp. Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 423 | 582 | 581 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Protoadapis curvicuspidens Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 707 | 313 | 313 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Rencunius spp. Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 780 | 239 | 238 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Sinoadapis shihuibaensis Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 516 | 483 | 482 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] † Sivaladapis nagrii Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 576 | 430 | 430 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † Smilodectes gracilis Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 28 | 967 | 962 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Teilhardina asiatica Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 490 | 511 | 509 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Teilhardina belgica Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 555 | 458 | 452 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] † Wadilemur elegans Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 650 | 356 | 356 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] † Yunnanadapis folivorus Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 665 | 355 | 355 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] † Chinese taxon Last Modified in 01/18/24 | 846 | 172 | 171 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 1430 | |
Matrix views | 87 | Matrix landing page (78 views); Matrix 1 (9 views); |
Project overview | 83 | |
Bibliography | 50 | |
Media views | 289 | Media search (244 views); M900632 (45 views); |
Views for media list | 84 | |
Documents list | 71 | |
Specimen list | 136 | |
Taxon list | 630 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 5 | |
Matrix downloads | 5 | Matrix 1 (5 downloads); |