Project 5075: F. Mao, C. Zhang, J. Ren, T. Wang, G. Wang, F. Zhang, T. Rich, P. Vickers-Rich, J. Meng. 2024. Fossils document evolutionary changes of jaw joint to mammalian middle ear. Nature. 628 (8008):576-581.
Abstract
Shuotheriids are Jurassic mammaliaforms that possess pseudotribosphenic teeth in which a pseudotalonid is anterior to the trigonid in the lower molar, contrasting to the tribosphenic pattern of therian mammals (placentals, marsupials, and kin) where the talonid is posterior to the trigonid. The origin of the pseudotribosphenic teeth remains unclear, obscuring our perception of shuotheriid affinities and the early evolution of mammaliaforms. Here we report a new Jurassic shuotheriid represented by two skeletal specimens. Complete pseudotribosphenic dentitions allow re-identification of dental structures using serial homology and tooth occlusal relationship. Contrary to the conventional view we show that dental structures of shuotheriids can be homologized to those of docodontans and partly support homologous statements for some dental structures between docodontans and other mammaliaforms. The phylogenetic analysis based on new evidence removes shuotheriids from the tribosphenic ausktribosphenids (including monotremes) and clusters them with docodontans to form a new clade, Docodontiformes, that is characterized by pseudotribosphenic features. Within the phylogeny, docodontiforms and “holotherians” (Kuehneotherium, monotremes, and therians) evolve independently from a Morganucodon-like ancestor with triconodont molars by labio-lingual widening their posterior teeth for more efficient food processing. The pseudotribosphenic pattern passed a cusp semitriangulation stage, whilst the tribosphenic pattern and its precursor went through a stage of cusp triangulation. The two different processes resulted in complex tooth structures and occlusal patterns that elucidate the earliest diversification of mammaliaforms.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07235-0
Project DOI: 10.7934/P5075, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P5075
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 36115 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 583 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 1558 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:583/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 5075
MorphoBank Project 5075
- Creation Date:
29 January 2024 - Publication Date:
08 February 2024 - Project views: 1821
- Matrix downloads: 8
Authors' Institutions
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- City University of New York
- Monash University
- American Museum of Natural History
- Curtin University
- Museums Victoria
- Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), CAS
- Bureau of Land and Resources of Lufeng County
- Fossil Research Center of Chuxiong Prefecture
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Fangyuan Mao Project Administrator | 128 | 2 | 1 | 583 | 0 | 0 | 36115 (36114, 0, 1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Jin Meng Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29661' (128 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Thrinaxodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 223 | 364 | 360 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] Massetognathus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 298 | 285 | 285 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] Probainognathus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 269 | 315 | 314 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] Oligokyphus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 279 | 307 | 304 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] Fossiomanus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 370 | 218 | 213 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] Kayentatherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 309 | 276 | 274 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] Yunnanodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 444 | 139 | 139 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] Bocatherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 473 | 110 | 110 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] Bienotheroides Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 359 | 226 | 224 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] Bienotherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 387 | 198 | 196 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] Tritylodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 489 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] Pachygenelus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 233 | 350 | 350 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] Pseudotherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 473 | 115 | 110 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] Riograndia Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 372 | 215 | 211 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] Brasilodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 323 | 264 | 260 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] Brasilitherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 428 | 163 | 155 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] Sinoconodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 213 | 372 | 370 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] Megazostrodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 180 | 404 | 403 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] Morganucodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 138 | 452 | 445 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] Hadrocodium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 286 | 297 | 297 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] Dianoconodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 267 | 317 | 316 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] † Feredocodon chowi Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 224 | 362 | 359 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] Shuotherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 447 | 136 | 136 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] Pseudotribos Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 360 | 223 | 223 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] BorealestesS Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 289 | 294 | 294 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] BorealestesC Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 312 | 271 | 271 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] Microdocodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 286 | 297 | 297 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] Docodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 404 | 179 | 179 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] Haldanodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 197 | 387 | 386 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] Castorocauda Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 303 | 280 | 280 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] Docofossor Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 274 | 311 | 309 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] Agilodocodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 191 | 392 | 392 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] Adalatherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 355 | 230 | 228 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] Vintana Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 436 | 149 | 147 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] Thomasia antiqua Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 496 | 92 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] Haramiyavia clemmenseni Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 433 | 151 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] Shenshou lui Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 252 | 332 | 331 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] Arboroharamiya jenkinsi Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 362 | 222 | 221 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] Ar. allinhopsoni Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 279 | 306 | 304 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] Xianshou linglong Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 325 | 259 | 258 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] Xianshou songi Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 336 | 249 | 247 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] Qishou jizantang Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 239 | 345 | 344 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] Mirusodens caii Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 350 | 234 | 233 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] Vilevolodon diplomylos Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 343 | 240 | 240 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] Maiopatagium furculiferum Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 426 | 157 | 157 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] Kuehneodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 421 | 163 | 162 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] Rugosodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 304 | 280 | 279 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] Jeholbaatar Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 257 | 328 | 326 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] Sinobaatar Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 238 | 350 | 345 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[50] Ptilodus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 244 | 340 | 339 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[51] Catopsbaatar Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 294 | 291 | 289 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[52] Chulsanbaatar Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 265 | 318 | 318 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[53] Nemegtbaatar Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 275 | 309 | 308 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[54] Kryptobaatar Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 217 | 369 | 366 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[55] Yubaatar Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 240 | 352 | 343 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[56] Taeniolabis Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 381 | 204 | 202 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[57] Lambdopsalis Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 240 | 348 | 343 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[58] Sphenopsalis Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 444 | 140 | 139 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[59] Erinaceus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 73 | 513 | 510 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[60] Leptictis Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 112 | 471 | 471 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[61] Andinodelphys Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 243 | 340 | 340 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[62] Didelphis Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 70 | 515 | 513 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[63] Ornithorhynchus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 194 | 392 | 389 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[64] Tachyglossus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 252 | 333 | 331 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[65] Asfaltomylos Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 465 | 118 | 118 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[66] Ambondro Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 488 | 95 | 95 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[67] Ausktribosphenos Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 449 | 134 | 134 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[68] Bishops Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 448 | 135 | 135 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[69] Teinolophos Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 448 | 135 | 135 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[70] Steropodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 495 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[71] Obdurodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 320 | 263 | 263 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[72] Fruitafossor Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 373 | 210 | 210 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[73] Gobiconodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 168 | 417 | 415 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[74] Repenomamus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 153 | 433 | 430 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[75] Amphilestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 446 | 137 | 137 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[76] Yanoconodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 243 | 340 | 340 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[77] Liaoconodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 219 | 370 | 363 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[78] Jeholodens Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 232 | 351 | 351 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[79] Jueconodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 270 | 316 | 313 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[80] Chaoyangodens Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 297 | 288 | 286 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[81] Trioracodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 393 | 191 | 190 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[82] Priacodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 352 | 232 | 231 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[83] Tinodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 462 | 123 | 121 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[84] Akidolestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 250 | 334 | 333 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[85] Spalacotherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 402 | 183 | 181 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[86] Zhangheotherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 179 | 406 | 404 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[87] Maotherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 182 | 404 | 401 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[88] Origolestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 158 | 436 | 425 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[89] Anebodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 386 | 201 | 197 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[90] Lactodens Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 381 | 205 | 202 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[91] Kiyatherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 404 | 182 | 179 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[92] Dryolestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 369 | 214 | 214 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[93] Henkelotherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 294 | 289 | 289 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[94] Amphitherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 415 | 169 | 168 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[95] Peramus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 387 | 199 | 196 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[96] Vincelestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 134 | 452 | 449 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[97] Nanolestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 413 | 170 | 170 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[98] Montanalestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 434 | 149 | 149 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[99] Prokennalestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 326 | 259 | 257 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[100] Eomaia Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 212 | 371 | 371 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[101] Juramaia Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 356 | 226 | 226 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[102] Sinodelphys Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 298 | 286 | 285 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[103] Ambolestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 306 | 287 | 277 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[104] Volaticotherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 385 | 201 | 198 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[105] Kennalestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 244 | 341 | 339 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[106] Asioryctes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 161 | 422 | 422 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[107] Ukhaatherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 239 | 344 | 344 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[108] Zalambdalestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 113 | 479 | 470 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[109] Uchkudukodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 297 | 288 | 286 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[110] Aspanlestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 408 | 175 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[111] Cimolestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 377 | 206 | 206 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[112] Gypsonictops Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 378 | 205 | 205 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[113] Protungulatum Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 330 | 255 | 253 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[114] Rattus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 160 | 424 | 423 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[115] Oryctolagus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 136 | 447 | 447 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[116] Bradypus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 239 | 346 | 344 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[117] Dasypus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 235 | 350 | 348 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[118] Holoclemensia Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 450 | 133 | 132 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[119] Deltatheridium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 255 | 330 | 328 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[120] Sulestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 370 | 213 | 213 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[121] Asiatherium Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 221 | 363 | 362 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[122] Kokopellia Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 405 | 179 | 178 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[123] Didelphodon Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 313 | 270 | 270 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[124] Mayulestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 141 | 442 | 442 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[125] Pucadelphys Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 117 | 466 | 466 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[126] Marmosa Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 70 | 513 | 513 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[127] Caenolestes Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 101 | 482 | 482 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[128] Dasyurus Last Modified in 01/30/24 | 76 | 507 | 507 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 1821 | |
Project overview | 150 | |
Media views | 273 | Media search (234 views); M901991 (39 views); |
Matrix views | 118 | Matrix landing page (96 views); Fossils document evolutionary changes of jaw joint to mammalian middle ear (22 views); |
Specimen list | 159 | |
Taxon list | 1004 | |
Bibliography | 56 | |
Views for media list | 58 | |
Documents list | 3 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 11 | |
Matrix downloads | 8 | Fossils document evolutionary changes of jaw joint to mammalian middle ear (8 downloads); |
Project downloads | 3 |