Project 955: V. Fischer, R. M. Appleby, D. Naish, J. Liston, J. B. Riding, S. Brindley, P. Godefroit. 2013. A basal thunnosaurian from Iraq reveals disparate phylogenetic origins for Cretaceous ichthyosaurs. Biology Letters. 9 (4):20130021.
Abstract
Cretaceous ichthyosaurs have typically been considered a small, homogeneous assemblage sharing a common Late Jurassic ancestor. Their low diversity and disparity have been interpreted as indicative of a decline leading to their Cenomanian extinction. We describe the first post-Triassic ichthyosaur from the Middle East, Malawania anachronus gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous of Iraq, and re-evaluate the evolutionary history of parvipelvian ichthyosaurs via phylogenetic and cladogenesis rate analyses. Malawania represents a basal grade in thunnosaurian evolution that arose during a major Late Triassic radiation event and was previously thought to have gone extinct during the Early Jurassic. Its pectoral morphology appears surprisingly archaic, retaining a forefin architecture similar to that of its Early Jurassic relatives. After the initial latest Triassic radiation of early thunnosaurians, two subsequent large radiations produced lineages with Cretaceous representatives, but the radiation events themselves are pre-Cretaceous. Cretaceous ichthyosaurs therefore include distantly related lineages, with contrasting evolutionary histories, and appear more diverse and disparate than previously supposed.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0021
Project DOI: 10.7934/P955, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P955
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 1082 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 66 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 137 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:62/4 |
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MorphoBank Project 955
MorphoBank Project 955
- Creation Date:
20 May 2013 - Publication Date:
23 May 2013 - Project views: 40308
- Matrix downloads: 11
Authors' Institutions
- National Museums of Scotland, Royal Museum, Edinburgh
- Cardiff University
- University of Glasgow
- Université de Liège
- University of Southampton
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
- Yunnan University
- University of Bristol
- British Geological Survey
- Energy Agency, UK
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 26 | 1 | 1 | 66 | 0 | 0 | 1082 (1082, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Maureen Admin Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Valentin Fischer Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M2134' (26 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Mikadocephalus gracilirostris Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 32 | 34 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[2] † Hudsonelpidia brevirostris Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 39 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[3] † Macgowania janiceps Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 43 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[4] † Leptonectes tenuirostris Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 13 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[5] † Excalibosaurus costini Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 25 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[6] † Eurhinosaurus longirostris Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 6 | 61 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[7] † Temnodontosaurus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 67 | 66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[8] † Suevoleviathan disinteger Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 18 | 48 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[9] † Ichthyosaurus communis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 70 | 66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[10] † Hauffiopteryx typicus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 19 | 47 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[11] † Stenopterygius quadriscissus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1 | 67 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[12] † Chacaicosaurus cayi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 49 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[13] † Ophthalmosaurus icenicus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 68 | 66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[14] † Ophthalmosaurus natans Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 27 | 39 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[15] † Mollesaurus perialus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 54 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[16] † Acamptonectes densus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 35 | 32 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[17] † Brachypterygius extremus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 31 | 35 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[18] † Arthropterygius chrisorum Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 44 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[19] † Caypullisaurus bonapartei Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 24 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[20] † Aegirosaurus leptospondylus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 22 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[21] † Platypterygius australis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[22] † Platypterygius hercynicus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 16 | 51 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[23] † Maiaspondylus lindoei Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 41 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[24] † Athabascasaurus bitumineus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 43 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[25] † Sveltonectes insolitus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 12 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[26] † Malawania anachronus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 40308 | |
Project overview | 4377 | |
Matrix views | 3041 | Matrix landing page (2679 views); Fischer Matrix (362 views); |
Media views | 7127 | Media search (6117 views); M287208 (1010 views); |
Documents list | 2299 | |
Taxon list | 17436 | |
Specimen list | 3750 | |
Bibliography | 2278 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 412 | |
Project downloads | 401 | |
Matrix downloads | 11 | Fischer Matrix (11 downloads); |