Project 979: G. Han, L. M. Chiappe, S. Ji, M. Habib, A. H. Turner, A. Chinsamy, X. Liu, L. Han. 2014. A new raptorial dinosaur with exceptionally long feathering provides insights into dromaeosaurid flight performance. Nature Communications. 5 (1):null.
Abstract
Microraptorines are a group of predatory dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaurs with aero- dynamic capacity. These close relatives of birds are essential for testing hypotheses explaining the origin and early evolution of avian flight. Here we describe a new ‘four-winged’ microraptorine, Changyuraptor yangi, from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of China. With tail feathers that are nearly 30 cm long, roughly 30% the length of the skeleton, the new fossil possesses the longest known feathers for any non-avian dinosaur. Furthermore, it is the largest theropod with long, pennaceous feathers attached to the lower hind limbs (that is, ‘hindwings’). The lengthy feathered tail of the new fossil provides insight into the flight performance of microraptorines and how they may have maintained aerial competency at larger body sizes. We demonstrate how the low-aspect-ratio tail of the new fossil would have acted as a pitch control structure reducing descent speed and thus playing a key role in landing.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5382
Project DOI: 10.7934/P979, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P979
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 20977 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 477 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 1127 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:477/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 979
MorphoBank Project 979
- Creation Date:
27 June 2013 - Publication Date:
16 July 2014 - Project views: 47180
- Matrix downloads: 44
Authors' Institutions
- University of Cape Town
- University of Southern California
- American Museum of Natural History
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
- Stony Brook University
- Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
- Bohai University
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Alan Turner Project Administrator | 119 | 1 | 1 | 477 | 0 | 0 | 20977 (19380, 0, 1597) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M2175' (119 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Allosaurus fragilis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 96 | 361 | 359 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] Sinraptor dongi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 171 | 294 | 293 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] Ingenia yanshani Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 257 | 194 | 193 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] Citipati osmolskae Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 105 | 342 | 339 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] Rinchenia mongoliensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 358 | 99 | 99 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] Oviraptor philoceratops Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 316 | 136 | 136 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] Conchoraptor gracilis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 242 | 214 | 214 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] Incisivosaurus gauthieri Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 313 | 156 | 156 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] Microvenator celer Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 359 | 107 | 107 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] Chirostenotes pergracilis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 291 | 163 | 162 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] Caudipteryx zoui Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 260 | 192 | 191 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] Dromaeosaurus albertensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 330 | 142 | 142 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] Deinonychus antirrhopus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 171 | 295 | 294 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] Velociraptor mongoliensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 83 | 381 | 379 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] Balaur bondoc Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 368 | 104 | 102 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] Atrociraptor marshalli Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 439 | 39 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] Utahraptor Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 391 | 85 | 84 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] Adasaurus mongoliensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 285 | 187 | 185 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] Achillobator giganticus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 363 | 110 | 110 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] Tsaagan mangas Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 278 | 191 | 191 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] Saurornitholestes langsto Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 351 | 125 | 125 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] Bambiraptor feinbergorum Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 141 | 328 | 326 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] Tianyuraptor ostromi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 341 | 130 | 130 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] Sinornithosaurus millenii Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 250 | 217 | 216 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] Microraptor zhaoianus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 258 | 215 | 214 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] Changyuraptor Last Modified in 07/16/14 | 398 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] Graciliraptor lujiatunensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 428 | 46 | 45 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] Hesperonychus elizabethae Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 461 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] Pyroraptor olympius Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 465 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] Rahonavis ostromi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 358 | 118 | 117 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] Buitreraptor gonzalozorum Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 261 | 211 | 207 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] Neuquenraptor + unenlagia Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 374 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] Austroraptor Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 414 | 63 | 61 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] Unenlagia Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 396 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] Unenlagia comahuensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 400 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] Unenlagia paynemili Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 457 | 20 | 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] Neuquenraptor argentinus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 452 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] Shanag ashile Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 439 | 36 | 36 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] Mahakala omnogovae Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 330 | 141 | 139 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] Mononykus olecranus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 316 | 135 | 135 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] Shuvuuia deserti Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 126 | 319 | 317 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] Patagonykus puertai Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 384 | 83 | 81 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] Albinykus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 443 | 32 | 32 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] Alvarezsaurus calvoi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 423 | 54 | 53 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] Proceratosaurus bradleyi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 395 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] Ornitholestes hermanni Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 230 | 233 | 231 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] Coelurus fragilis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 393 | 81 | 81 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] Archaeopteryx lithographi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 154 | 319 | 318 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] Avimimus portentosus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 309 | 152 | 152 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] Confuciusornis sanctus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 208 | 260 | 257 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] Struthiomimus altus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 164 | 282 | 281 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] Gallimimus bullatus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 116 | 325 | 323 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] Garudimimus brevipes Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 282 | 173 | 173 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] Pelecanimimus polydon Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 383 | 78 | 78 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] Harpymimus okladnikovi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 342 | 114 | 113 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[56] Troodon formosus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 299 | 175 | 175 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[57] Saurornithoides mongolien Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 321 | 147 | 147 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[58] Saurornithoides junior Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 329 | 143 | 142 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[59] Xixiasaurus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 413 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[60] Byronosaurus jaffei Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 362 | 109 | 109 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[61] Sinornithoides youngi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 285 | 174 | 173 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[62] Sinovenator changii Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 192 | 276 | 274 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[63] Mei long Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 200 | 265 | 264 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[64] EK troodontid (igm 100/44 Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 444 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[65] Jinfengopteryx elegans Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 365 | 106 | 106 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[66] IGM 100/1126 Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 242 | 223 | 222 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[67] IGM 100/1323 Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 328 | 140 | 139 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[68] † Aurornis xui Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 380 | 95 | 95 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[69] Anchiornis huxleyi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 236 | 219 | 218 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[70] Xiaotingia Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 312 | 165 | 165 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[71] Segnosaurus galbinensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 380 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[72] Erlikosaurus andrewsi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 296 | 160 | 160 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[73] Alxasaurus elesitaiensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 353 | 115 | 114 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[74] Tyrannosaurus rex Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 102 | 357 | 356 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[75] Tarbosaurus baatar Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 407 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[76] Albertosaurus sacrophagus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 182 | 288 | 288 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[77] Gorgosaurus libratus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 125 | 341 | 341 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[78] Daspletosaurus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 155 | 316 | 316 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[79] Eotyrannus lengi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 390 | 81 | 81 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[80] Dilong paradoxus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 191 | 272 | 271 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[81] Shenzhousaurus orientalis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 303 | 136 | 134 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[82] Ornithomimus edmonticus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 152 | 287 | 286 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[83] Archaeornithomimus asiati Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 315 | 143 | 141 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[84] Anserimimus planinychus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 404 | 70 | 70 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[85] Huaxiagnathus orientalis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 273 | 184 | 183 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[86] Sinosauropteryx prima Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 264 | 196 | 195 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[87] Compsognathus longipes Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 222 | 232 | 230 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[88] Juravenator starki Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 270 | 181 | 181 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[89] Jeholornis prima Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 252 | 200 | 200 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[90] Jixiangornis orientalis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 225 | 227 | 226 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[91] Yanornis martini Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 318 | 159 | 157 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[92] Apsaravis ukhaana Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 303 | 156 | 154 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[93] Yixianornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 239 | 229 | 227 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[94] Sapeornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 219 | 234 | 233 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[95] Neuquenornis volans Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 384 | 92 | 91 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[96] Patagopteryx deferrariisi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 367 | 107 | 106 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[97] Cathayornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 333 | 141 | 137 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[98] Concornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 375 | 102 | 99 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[99] Gobipteryx Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 403 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[100] Vorona Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 443 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[101] Songlingornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 432 | 46 | 44 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[102] Pengornis houi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 323 | 141 | 140 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[103] Hesperornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 192 | 235 | 235 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[104] Baptornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 430 | 48 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[105] Ichthyornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 237 | 225 | 222 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[106] Iaceornis marshii Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 419 | 57 | 56 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[107] Limenavis patagonica Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 468 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[108] Crypturellus undulatus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 92 | 328 | 327 | 0 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[109] Lithornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 218 | 234 | 229 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[110] Gallus gallus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 93 | 332 | 330 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[111] Crax pauxi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 97 | 336 | 336 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[112] Anas platyrhynchus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 106 | 320 | 319 | 0 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[113] Chauna torquata Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 95 | 339 | 338 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[114] Hongshanornis longicrest Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 304 | 152 | 148 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[115] Liaoningornis longidigitu Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 441 | 35 | 35 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[116] Pedopenna Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 460 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[117] Epidendrosaurus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 418 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[118] Epidexipteryx Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 355 | 113 | 112 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[119] Haplocheirus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 243 | 221 | 221 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 47180 | |
Project overview | 4643 | |
Matrix views | 3565 | Matrix landing page (3205 views); Changyuraptor (360 views); |
Media views | 7105 | Media search (6109 views); M334034 (996 views); |
Taxon list | 25988 | |
Documents list | 2442 | |
Specimen list | 3286 | |
Bibliography | 151 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 524 | |
Matrix downloads | 44 | Changyuraptor (44 downloads); |
Project downloads | 474 | |
Document downloads | 6 | Analysis README file (6 downloads); |