Project 1021: N. S. Heckeberg. 2017. A Comprehensive Approach towards the Phylogeny and Evolution of Cervidae - Chapter 3. Dissertation, LMU Munich. 1 (1):1-444.

Specimen: † Procervulus dichotomus (Gervais, 1849) (SNSB-BSPG/1979 XV 555)
View: lateral
View: lateral
Abstract
Cervidae (deer) belong to Ruminantia together with Tragulidae (chevrotains), Antilocapridae (pronghorns), Moschidae (musk deer), Giraffidae (giraffes), and Bovidae (cattle, sheep, antelopes). After bovids, cervids are the second most diverse group of ruminants and large herbivores in general. Cervids are natively distributed in the Americas, Europe and Asia inhabiting a broad variety of habitats.Antlers, deciduous, osseous branched outgrowths of the frontal bone, are synapomorphic for all living member of Cervidae except for the Chinese water deer, Hydropotes inermis, in which they have presumably been lost. They are unique cranial appendages, which are shed and rebuilt at intervals. The antlerogenic process is controlled by a complex interaction of fluctuating levels of several hormones, most importantly testosterone. The oldest antler remains are recorded from the early Miocene. These have often been interpreted as non-deciduous appendages in the past, because of supposed permanent skin coverage and the lack of a burr. Extensive comparative morphological analyses of external features of the antler and of the abscission area showed that antlers of all extant and of eight Miocene cervid genera, including those of most of the earliest cervids Procervulus,Ligeromeryx, and Lagomeryx were deciduous. This insight is particularly important for the systematic classification of early Miocene species as Cervidae, because the absence of antler shedding and rebuilding would exclude them from the total group Cervidae.Cervid systematics has been puzzling researchers for over 150 years. The initial, gross (sub)classifications based on morphology and comparative anatomy are mostly supported by molecular data. In recent decades, molecular systematics has provided new input, but consensus could only be partially reached. Cervids are traditionally subdivided into two subfamilies, Cervinae, consisting of Muntiacini and Cervini, and Capreolinae, consisting of Alceini, Capreolini, Odocoileini, and Rangiferini. While the systematic relationships within Muntiacini and Cervini are, with very few exceptions, resolved, systematic relationships within Capreolinae are much more controversial. The position of Capreolini and Alceini is uncertain and there are many polyphylies within Odocoileini. The latter is the youngest clade of cervids with a quick diversification rate, which makes resolving the systematic relationships more difficult. Also, the rich fossil record of cervids has never been extensively phylogenetically tested concerning potential systematic relationships of fossil representatives to extant cervid taxa.The aim of this work was to investigate the systematic relationships of extant and fossil cervids using molecular and morphological characters and make implications about their evolutionary history based on the phylogenetic reconstructions.To achieve these objectives, molecular data were compiled primarily from public data bases such as GenBank. Some cervid species still lack molecular data because they are difficult to access in the wild. In order to complement the existing data, partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences from museum specimens of five previously unrecorded species were extracted. The resulting data set was so far the most extensive concerning the taxon sampling for cervids.
All molecular data were combined to a data set including 17709 base pairs across five nuclear markers and the complete mitochondrial genome of 50 extant and one fossil cervid species. Several analyses using different data partitions, taxon sampling, partitioning schemes, and optimality criteria were undertaken. Divergence time estimates were undertaken on the molecular data sets using molecular clock node dating.Additionally, the most extensive morphological character matrix for such a broad cervid taxon sampling was compiled. In total 168 cranial and dental characters of 41 extant and 29 fossil cervid species were scored. Due to the highly conservative morphological features of cervids, solving systematic relationships was challenging for both extant and fossil species. However, it was possible to determine several characters useful to diagnose cervid subclades. The morphological and molecular data were combined for a total evidence approach and other phylogenetic testing. A tip dating analyses was also undertaken on the total evidence data set.Molecular topologies were partially in conflict with morphological topologies. Nuclear topologies suggested different systematic relationships for some taxa than the mitochondrial topologies. The combined molecular analyses provided robust topologies. The total evidence analyses were less robust and still contained large areas of unresolved taxa. Alternative approaches to combine both data sets and fossil and extant taxa were more useful. The two different divergence time estimate approaches provided differing but feasible results for each approach.
The results showed that most of the Miocene cervids were considered to be more closely related to each other than to any other cervid. They were positioned either between the outgroup and all other cervids or as the sister taxon to Muntiacini. Two Miocene cervids were frequently placed within Muntiacini. Plio- and Pleistocene cervids could often be affiliated to Cervini, Odocoileini or Capreolini. Their morphology is more similar to extant cervids than the morphology of most Miocene cervids.The phylogenetic analyses of this work provide new insights into the evolutionary history of cervids. New systematic relationships were observed, some uncertainties persist and resolving phylogenetic relationships within certain taxa remain challenging. The analyses on the extensive data sets presented here concretised systematic problems and uncertainties, which can now better be targeted with phylogenetic approaches. Several fossil cervids could be successfully related to living representatives, confirming previously assumed affiliations based on qualitative comparisons and introducing new hypotheses.
Cervid systematics remains an interesting and fascinating area of research with exciting new results to be expected in the future.
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Project DOI: 10.7934/P1021, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P1021
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File ![]() | Total scored cells: 13315 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 168 Total characters with associated media: 1 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 411 Total character states with associated media: 319 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:168/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 1021
MorphoBank Project 1021
- Creation Date:
16 September 2013 - Publication Date:
29 November 2017 - Project views: 277434
- Media downloads: 360
- Matrix downloads: 59
Authors' Institutions
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen
Members
member name | taxa ![]() |
specimens ![]() |
media ![]() | media notes | chars ![]() | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules ![]() | ||||||||||||||
Nicola Heckeberg Project Administrator | 160 | 704 | 837 | 0 | 168 | 3 | 93 | 335 | 0 | 13315 (10674, 2398, 243) | 3 | 149 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Robert Asher Observer ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Gertrud Rössner Observer ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M2420' (78 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells ![]() |
no cell support ![]() |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Alces alces Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 89 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[2] Axis axis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 89 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[3] Axis porcinus Last Modified in 01/09/14 | 0 | 90 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[4] Blastocerus dichotomus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 88 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[5] Capreolus capreolus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 91 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[6] Capreolus pygargus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 90 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[7] Cervus canadensis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 88 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[8] Cervus elaphus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 90 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[9] Cervus nippon Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 90 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[10] Dama dama Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 88 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[11] Elaphodus cephalophus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 91 | 87 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[12] Elaphurus davidianus Last Modified in 01/14/15 | 0 | 89 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[13] Hippocamelus antisensis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 91 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[14] Hippocamelus bisulcus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 90 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[15] Hydropotes inermis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 70 | 70 | 1 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[16] Mazama americana Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 89 | 86 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[17] Mazama bricenii Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 84 | 84 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[18] Mazama chunyi Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 85 | 85 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[19] Mazama gouazoubira Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 86 | 86 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[20] Mazama nemorivaga Last Modified in 02/26/14 | 0 | 84 | 84 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[21] Mazama rufina Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 83 | 83 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[22] Muntiacus atherodes Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 87 | 86 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[23] Muntiacus crinifrons Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 86 | 85 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[24] Muntiacus feae Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 90 | 86 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[25] Muntiacus muntjak Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 90 | 88 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[26] Muntiacus reevesi Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[27] Muntiacus truongsonensis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 84 | 83 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[28] Muntiacus vuquangensis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 87 | 87 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[29] Odocoileus hemionus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 89 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[30] Odocoileus virginianus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 89 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[31] Ozotoceros bezoarticus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 89 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[32] Cervus albirostris Last Modified in 11/27/17 | 0 | 83 | 83 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[33] Pudu puda Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 88 | 86 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[34] Rangifer tarandus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 91 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[35] Rucervus duvaucelii Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 89 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[36] Rucervus eldii Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 89 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[37] Rucervus schomburgki Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 90 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[38] Rusa alfredi Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 87 | 85 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[39] Rusa marianna Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 89 | 88 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[40] Rusa timorensis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 87 | 86 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[41] Rusa unicolor Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 90 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[42] † Arvernoceros ardei Last Modified in 08/11/15 | 0 | 25 | 23 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[43] † Axis lydekkeri Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 69 | 69 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[44] † Candiacervus ropalophorus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 84 | 83 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[45] † Cervus australis Last Modified in 11/19/14 | 0 | 20 | 19 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[46] † Cervus perolensis Last Modified in 11/19/14 | 0 | 11 | 10 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[47] † Cervus philisi Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 59 | 57 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[48] † Cervus sivalensis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 41 | 41 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[49] † Croizetoceros ramosus Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 24 | 24 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[50] † Dicrocerus elegans Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 47 | 45 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[51] † Eostyloceros hezhengensis Last Modified in 10/14/15 | 0 | 22 | 20 | 66 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[52] † Eucladoceros ctenoides Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 73 | 68 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[53] † Euprox furcatus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 25 | 23 | 63 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[54] † Heteroprox larteti Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 32 | 28 | 58 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[55] † Lagomeryx parvulus Last Modified in 10/12/15 | 0 | 13 | 12 | 75 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[56] † Ligeromeryx praestans Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 14 | 13 | 74 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[57] † Metacervocerus pardinensis Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 11 | 9 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[58] † Metacervocerus rhenanus Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 28 | 28 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[59] † Megaloceros giganteus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 90 | 88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[60] † Muntiacus (RGM) muntjak Last Modified in 11/19/14 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 79 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[61] † Odocoileus (NHM) Last Modified in 11/19/14 | 0 | 26 | 25 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[62] † Odocoileus virginianus (bspg) Last Modified in 11/29/17 | 0 | 41 | 40 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[63] † Palaeoplatyceros hispanicus Last Modified in 11/19/14 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 72 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[64] † Pliocervus matheroni Last Modified in 10/15/15 | 0 | 12 | 6 | 77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[65] † Praeelaphus etueriarum Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 9 | 8 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[66] † Praeelaphus perrieri Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 11 | 9 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[67] † Procapreolus cusanus Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 31 | 29 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[68] † Procervulus dichotomus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 73 | 71 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[69] † Procervulus praelucidus Last Modified in 02/14/14 | 0 | 15 | 15 | 73 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[70] † Rusa kendengensis Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 15 | 14 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[71] † Dremotherium feignouxi Last Modified in 10/03/14 | 0 | 31 | 31 | 39 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[72] † Hypertragulus calcaratus Last Modified in 10/03/14 | 0 | 40 | 40 | 30 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[73] Antilocapra americana Last Modified in 10/03/14 | 0 | 66 | 66 | 4 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[74] Boselaphus tragocamelus Last Modified in 10/03/14 | 0 | 65 | 65 | 5 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[75] Hyemoschus aquaticus Last Modified in 02/26/14 | 0 | 63 | 63 | 7 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[76] Moschus moschiferus Last Modified in 10/03/14 | 0 | 69 | 69 | 1 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[77] Okapia johnstoni Last Modified in 10/03/14 | 0 | 67 | 66 | 4 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[78] Tragelaphus scriptus Last Modified in 10/03/14 | 0 | 68 | 68 | 2 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M2449' (78 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells ![]() |
no cell support ![]() |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Alces alces Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 81 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[2] Axis axis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 82 | 78 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[3] Axis porcinus Last Modified in 01/09/14 | 0 | 82 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[4] Blastocerus dichotomus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 88 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[5] Capreolus capreolus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 85 | 76 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[6] Capreolus pygargus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 82 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[7] Cervus canadensis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[8] Cervus elaphus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 84 | 78 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[9] Cervus nippon Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 79 | 78 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[10] Dama dama Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 79 | 78 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[11] Elaphodus cephalophus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 80 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[12] Elaphurus davidianus Last Modified in 01/14/15 | 0 | 82 | 78 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[13] Hippocamelus antisensis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 80 | 78 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[14] Hippocamelus bisulcus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 79 | 76 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[15] Hydropotes inermis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 80 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[16] Mazama americana Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 80 | 76 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[17] Mazama bricenii Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 78 | 78 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[18] Mazama chunyi Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 79 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[19] Mazama gouazoubira Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 83 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[20] Mazama nemorivaga Last Modified in 02/26/14 | 0 | 78 | 78 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[21] Mazama rufina Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 78 | 78 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[22] Muntiacus atherodes Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 77 | 77 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[23] Muntiacus crinifrons Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 51 | 51 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[24] Muntiacus feae Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 77 | 75 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[25] Muntiacus muntjak Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 90 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[26] Muntiacus reevesi Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 85 | 73 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[27] Muntiacus truongsonensis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 60 | 60 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[28] Muntiacus vuquangensis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 77 | 77 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[29] Odocoileus hemionus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 89 | 72 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[30] Odocoileus virginianus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 81 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[31] Ozotoceros bezoarticus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 81 | 78 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[32] Cervus albirostris Last Modified in 11/27/17 | 0 | 71 | 71 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[33] Pudu puda Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 81 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[34] Rangifer tarandus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 83 | 73 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[35] Rucervus duvaucelii Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 81 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[36] Rucervus eldii Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 80 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[37] Rucervus schomburgki Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 59 | 58 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[38] Rusa alfredi Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 81 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[39] Rusa marianna Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 83 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[40] Rusa timorensis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 84 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[41] Rusa unicolor Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 88 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[42] † Arvernoceros ardei Last Modified in 08/11/15 | 0 | 74 | 61 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[43] † Axis lydekkeri Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 66 | 61 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[44] † Candiacervus ropalophorus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 76 | 70 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[45] † Cervus australis Last Modified in 11/19/14 | 0 | 40 | 39 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[46] † Cervus perolensis Last Modified in 11/19/14 | 0 | 73 | 72 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[47] † Cervus philisi Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 80 | 76 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[48] † Cervus sivalensis Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 40 | 38 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[49] † Croizetoceros ramosus Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 73 | 70 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[50] † Dicrocerus elegans Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 77 | 71 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[51] † Eostyloceros hezhengensis Last Modified in 10/14/15 | 0 | 29 | 29 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[52] † Eucladoceros ctenoides Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 80 | 75 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[53] † Euprox furcatus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 69 | 63 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[54] † Heteroprox larteti Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 58 | 53 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[55] † Lagomeryx parvulus Last Modified in 10/12/15 | 0 | 73 | 67 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[56] † Ligeromeryx praestans Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 37 | 35 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[57] † Megaloceros giganteus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 83 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[58] † Metacervocerus pardinensis Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 72 | 72 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[59] † Metacervocerus rhenanus Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 74 | 73 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[60] † Muntiacus (RGM) muntjak Last Modified in 11/19/14 | 0 | 64 | 64 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[61] † Odocoileus (NHM) Last Modified in 11/19/14 | 0 | 61 | 58 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[62] † Odocoileus virginianus (bspg) Last Modified in 11/29/17 | 0 | 36 | 35 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[63] † Palaeoplatyceros hispanicus Last Modified in 11/19/14 | 0 | 45 | 43 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[64] † Pliocervus matheroni Last Modified in 10/15/15 | 0 | 59 | 54 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[65] † Praeelaphus etueriarum Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 66 | 66 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[66] † Praeelaphus perrieri Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 73 | 72 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[67] † Procapreolus cusanus Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 64 | 39 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[68] † Procervulus dichotomus Last Modified in 12/24/13 | 0 | 71 | 70 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[69] † Procervulus praelucidus Last Modified in 02/14/14 | 0 | 75 | 68 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[70] † Rusa kendengensis Last Modified in 10/07/15 | 0 | 58 | 57 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[71] † Dremotherium feignouxi Last Modified in 10/03/14 | 0 | 73 | 72 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[72] † Hypertragulus calcaratus Last Modified in 10/03/14 | 0 | 45 | 45 | 22 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[73] Antilocapra americana Last Modified in 10/03/14 | 0 | 74 | 74 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[74] Boselaphus tragocamelus Last Modified in 10/03/14 | 0 | 70 | 70 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[75] Hyemoschus aquaticus Last Modified in 02/26/14 | 0 | 66 | 66 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[76] Moschus moschiferus Last Modified in 10/03/14 | 0 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[77] Okapia johnstoni Last Modified in 10/03/14 | 0 | 79 | 78 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
[78] Tragelaphus scriptus Last Modified in 10/03/14 | 0 | 73 | 73 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 ![]() |
Project views 
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Total project views | 277434 | |
Project overview | 3974 | |
Media views | 63684 | Media search (4418 views); M461040 (308 views); M461050 (307 views); M460977 (386 views); M461005 (332 views); M460967 (392 views); M460971 (378 views); M461030 (318 views); M461021 (328 views); M461057 (293 views); M460996 (376 views); M461002 (343 views); M460993 (386 views); M461053 (295 views); M461052 (300 views); M461042 (301 views); M461023 (322 views); M460974 (390 views); M460959 (402 views); M461015 (297 views); M461059 (308 views); M461051 (297 views); M461010 (318 views); M461009 (316 views); M460981 (364 views); M461025 (286 views); M461000 (376 views); M460963 (388 views); M460994 (421 views); M461019 (279 views); M461031 (307 views); M461006 (350 views); M460991 (398 views); M460987 (373 views); M460970 (394 views); M461027 (315 views); M461024 (311 views); M461048 (332 views); M461020 (312 views); M460966 (419 views); M460965 (400 views); M461026 (300 views); M460992 (398 views); M461055 (355 views); M460975 (395 views); M460972 (401 views); M461036 (295 views); M461016 (305 views); M461032 (383 views); M460978 (377 views); M461001 (360 views); M461014 (328 views); M461033 (308 views); M460988 (411 views); M460983 (398 views); M460997 (389 views); M461041 (298 views); M460962 (373 views); M461007 (330 views); M461049 (289 views); M461054 (280 views); M461039 (317 views); M461058 (308 views); M461046 (314 views); M461044 (304 views); M460986 (408 views); M460984 (374 views); M460960 (391 views); M461004 (327 views); M461037 (325 views); M461012 (291 views); M461018 (308 views); M460969 (389 views); M461043 (299 views); M461008 (352 views); M460989 (388 views); M461017 (293 views); M461047 (310 views); M461013 (313 views); M461034 (319 views); M460999 (383 views); M461011 (295 views); M460973 (387 views); M461022 (362 views); M460976 (392 views); M460990 (404 views); M460980 (387 views); M461038 (296 views); M461028 (306 views); M461056 (317 views); M461003 (324 views); M460964 (387 views); M461029 (307 views); M461045 (302 views); M460968 (391 views); M460985 (371 views); M460961 (407 views); M460979 (378 views); M460982 (380 views); M461035 (297 views); M460998 (390 views); M461092 (172 views); M461060 (195 views); M461110 (203 views); M461177 (188 views); M461102 (195 views); M461170 (191 views); M461068 (198 views); M461141 (196 views); M461164 (187 views); M461103 (195 views); M461083 (198 views); M461181 (190 views); M461154 (183 views); M461080 (190 views); M461160 (189 views); M461180 (191 views); M461097 (173 views); M461149 (195 views); M461159 (188 views); M461098 (199 views); M461156 (196 views); M461165 (170 views); M461113 (196 views); M461061 (205 views); M461151 (187 views); M461162 (186 views); M461139 (189 views); M461087 (206 views); M461131 (192 views); M461175 (202 views); M461126 (191 views); M461138 (194 views); M461100 (194 views); M461178 (198 views); M461161 (189 views); M461176 (191 views); M461153 (190 views); M461106 (184 views); M461129 (192 views); M461094 (195 views); M461184 (174 views); M461128 (188 views); M461071 (207 views); M461065 (195 views); M461163 (185 views); M461085 (182 views); M461155 (194 views); M461062 (209 views); M461078 (200 views); M461091 (193 views); M461074 (190 views); M461166 (184 views); M461095 (207 views); M461147 (190 views); M461140 (188 views); M461120 (195 views); M461179 (169 views); M461104 (190 views); M461137 (191 views); M461079 (187 views); M461117 (192 views); M461174 (166 views); M461063 (192 views); M461111 (221 views); M461119 (211 views); M461089 (190 views); M461105 (193 views); M461171 (187 views); M461150 (192 views); M461146 (193 views); M461070 (192 views); M461130 (186 views); M461090 (190 views); M461152 (191 views); M461101 (203 views); M461109 (176 views); M461064 (187 views); M461145 (190 views); M461086 (193 views); M461115 (189 views); M461114 (176 views); M461099 (189 views); M461093 (194 views); M461088 (186 views); M461122 (190 views); M461123 (187 views); M461148 (192 views); M461072 (216 views); M461066 (178 views); M461135 (185 views); M461107 (196 views); M461127 (197 views); M461081 (205 views); M461118 (168 views); M461136 (198 views); M461158 (191 views); M461073 (193 views); M461112 (189 views); M461144 (177 views); M461157 (193 views); M461121 (173 views); M461173 (184 views); M461183 (199 views); M461134 (187 views); M461067 (192 views); M461096 (187 views); M461133 (194 views); M461075 (171 views); M461167 (161 views); M461124 (193 views); M461125 (194 views); M461142 (197 views); M461108 (204 views); M461077 (188 views); M461082 (197 views); M461182 (201 views); M461132 (188 views); M461143 (194 views); M461168 (180 views); M461076 (180 views); M461069 (196 views); M461172 (188 views); M461116 (191 views); M461169 (169 views); M461084 (171 views); M461340 (3 views); M461531 (7 views); M461586 (5 views); M461603 (5 views); M461712 (299 views); M461298 (2 views); M461299 (1 view); M461300 (2 views); M461303 (1 view); M461308 (2 views); M461307 (2 views); M461306 (1 view); M461304 (2 views); M461344 (2 views); M461345 (2 views); M461351 (1 view); M461353 (1 view); M461352 (14 views); M461346 (2 views); M461347 (1 view); M461349 (2 views); M461350 (1 view); M461348 (4 views); M461395 (2 views); M461400 (1 view); M461409 (3 views); M461411 (4 views); M461419 (2 views); M461422 (2 views); M461424 (2 views); M461436 (2 views); M461437 (4 views); M461438 (3 views); M461522 (1 view); M461672 (2 views); M461666 (2 views); M461702 (1 view); M461703 (2 views); M461717 (1 view); M461718 (1 view); M461723 (4 views); M461724 (1 view); M461725 (1 view); M461721 (1 view); M461722 (1 view); M461720 (2 views); M461715 (1 view); M461714 (1 view); M461713 (3 views); M461704 (1 view); M461705 (1 view); M461706 (2 views); M461707 (1 view); M461708 (1 view); M461709 (1 view); M461710 (2 views); M461711 (1 view); M461701 (4 views); M461410 (1 view); M461412 (1 view); M461413 (1 view); M461414 (2 views); M461415 (1 view); M461416 (1 view); M461417 (1 view); M461418 (1 view); M461420 (2 views); M461421 (1 view); M461423 (3 views); M461425 (2 views); M461426 (1 view); M461427 (1 view); M461428 (1 view); M461429 (2 views); M461430 (1 view); M461431 (1 view); M461432 (1 view); M461433 (1 view); M461434 (1 view); M461435 (1 view); M461408 (1 view); M461407 (2 views); M461406 (3 views); M461381 (1 view); M461250 (1 view); M461399 (1 view); M461882 (3 views); M461868 (2 views); M461869 (2 views); M461870 (1 view); M461871 (1 view); M461872 (1 view); M461873 (1 view); M461874 (1 view); M461875 (1 view); M461876 (1 view); M461877 (1 view); M461878 (1 view); M461879 (1 view); M461880 (1 view); M461881 (1 view); M461883 (1 view); M461210 (2 views); M461211 (5 views); M461217 (3 views); M461216 (4 views); M461221 (3 views); M461222 (3 views); M461255 (1 view); M461238 (2 views); M461339 (2 views); M461343 (2 views); M461856 (6 views); M461865 (6 views); M461867 (8 views); M462098 (6 views); M461336 (7 views); M461328 (9 views); M461536 (3 views); M461530 (3 views); M461532 (4 views); M461533 (3 views); M461534 (1 view); M461535 (1 view); M461590 (1 view); M461593 (2 views); M461594 (3 views); M461595 (3 views); M461596 (2 views); M461597 (2 views); M461598 (2 views); M461599 (1 view); M461600 (1 view); M461601 (1 view); M461602 (1 view); M461604 (1 view); M461605 (1 view); M461606 (1 view); M461607 (1 view); M461608 (1 view); M461753 (2 views); M461754 (2 views); M461755 (1 view); M461756 (1 view); M461757 (1 view); M461758 (1 view); M461759 (3 views); M461760 (1 view); M461761 (3 views); M461762 (2 views); M461763 (1 view); M461764 (5 views); M461765 (1 view); M461766 (1 view); M461767 (2 views); M461768 (2 views); M461769 (4 views); M461770 (2 views); M461771 (1 view); M461772 (1 view); M461700 (3 views); M461341 (1 view); M461371 (1 view); M461372 (1 view); M461375 (1 view); M461378 (1 view); M466069 (1 view); M466071 (1 view); M461275 (2 views); M461274 (3 views); M461276 (3 views); M461639 (2 views); M461647 (1 view); M461652 (2 views); M461654 (1 view); M466065 (1 view); M461321 (2 views); M461327 (3 views); M461515 (3 views); M461508 (6 views); M461296 (2 views); M461581 (1 view); M461583 (2 views); M461584 (1 view); M461592 (1 view); M461507 (3 views); M461510 (2 views); M461511 (2 views); M461512 (2 views); M461513 (2 views); M461514 (3 views); M461326 (3 views); M461335 (3 views); M461287 (4 views); M461288 (3 views); M461290 (1 view); M461291 (2 views); M461285 (2 views); M461215 (2 views); M461209 (4 views); M461212 (3 views); M461213 (2 views); M461650 (1 view); M461653 (1 view); M461656 (1 view); M461658 (1 view); M461663 (1 view); M461286 (4 views); M461293 (2 views); M461208 (1 view); M461229 (8 views); M461225 (4 views); M461226 (5 views); M461252 (3 views); M461251 (1 view); M461241 (1 view); M461247 (1 view); M461202 (1 view); M461232 (3 views); M461194 (1 view); M461236 (2 views); M461223 (3 views); M461235 (4 views); M461190 (1 view); M461186 (1 view); M461187 (1 view); M461203 (2 views); M461196 (1 view); M461342 (1 view); M461742 (1 view); M461234 (1 view); M461207 (3 views); M461244 (3 views); M461204 (2 views); M461227 (2 views); M461199 (5 views); M461228 (8 views); M461451 (1 view); M461695 (5 views); M466084 (3 views); M466088 (2 views); M461798 (16 views); M461795 (2 views); M461780 (3 views); M461295 (2 views); M461198 (2 views); M461206 (2 views); M461205 (2 views); M461224 (3 views); M461694 (1 view); M461776 (2 views); M461778 (5 views); M461219 (3 views); M461309 (3 views); M461246 (1 view); M461249 (1 view); M461256 (4 views); M461259 (1 view); M461231 (3 views); M461197 (3 views); M461858 (2 views); M466104 (4 views); M466108 (3 views); M461214 (2 views); M461777 (2 views); M461800 (8 views); M461790 (4 views); M461310 (1 view); M461788 (1 view); M461792 (1 view); M461793 (1 view); M461796 (1 view); M461799 (2 views); M461801 (1 view); M461773 (1 view); M461774 (1 view); M461775 (1 view); M461779 (1 view); M461781 (4 views); M461783 (2 views); M461784 (2 views); M461786 (2 views); M461787 (1 view); M466070 (1 view); M466081 (1 view); M466091 (1 view); M461289 (1 view); M461292 (1 view); M461294 (1 view); M461855 (2 views); M461859 (1 view); M461861 (1 view); M461862 (1 view); M461863 (1 view); M461864 (1 view); M461842 (1 view); M461840 (1 view); M461843 (1 view); M461845 (1 view); M461847 (1 view); M461849 (1 view); M461850 (1 view); M461851 (1 view); M461852 (2 views); M461853 (1 view); M461854 (1 view); M461816 (1 view); M461818 (1 view); M461819 (1 view); M461820 (1 view); M461823 (1 view); M461824 (3 views); M461825 (1 view); M461826 (1 view); M461827 (1 view); M461828 (1 view); M461831 (1 view); M461832 (1 view); M461835 (1 view); M461836 (1 view); M461837 (1 view); M461838 (1 view); M461839 (1 view); M461324 (1 view); M461325 (1 view); M461329 (2 views); M461330 (1 view); M461331 (1 view); M461200 (2 views); M466072 (1 view); M461741 (1 view); M466098 (1 view); M466100 (1 view); M466102 (1 view); M466107 (1 view); M466114 (1 view); M466115 (1 view); M466118 (1 view); M461502 (1 view); M461503 (1 view); M461504 (1 view); M461505 (1 view); M461516 (1 view); M461698 (2 views); M461379 (1 view); M461821 (1 view); M461237 (1 view); M461257 (1 view); |
Matrix views | 1761 | Matrix landing page (1290 views); Cranial characters - Cervidae (205 views); Dentition characters - Cervidae (266 views); |
Taxon list | 6936 | |
Specimen list | 197362 | |
Views for media list | 2951 | |
Bibliography | 747 | |
Documents list | 19 |
Project downloads 
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 662 | |
Project downloads | 243 | |
Matrix downloads | 59 | Cranial characters - Cervidae (33 downloads); Dentition characters - Cervidae (26 downloads); |
Media downloads | 360 | M461712 (4 downloads); M461033 (1 download); M461034 (1 download); M461035 (1 download); M461036 (1 download); M461037 (1 download); M461038 (1 download); M461039 (1 download); M461040 (1 download); M461041 (1 download); M461042 (1 download); M461043 (1 download); M461044 (1 download); M461045 (1 download); M461046 (1 download); M461047 (1 download); M461048 (1 download); M461868 (1 download); M461869 (1 download); M461870 (1 download); M461871 (1 download); M461872 (1 download); M461873 (1 download); M461874 (1 download); M461875 (1 download); M461876 (1 download); M461877 (1 download); M461878 (1 download); M461879 (1 download); M461880 (1 download); M461881 (1 download); M461882 (1 download); M461883 (1 download); M461706 (1 download); M461340 (1 download); M461339 (1 download); M461343 (1 download); M461536 (1 download); M461530 (1 download); M461535 (1 download); M461534 (1 download); M461533 (1 download); M461532 (1 download); M461531 (1 download); M461608 (1 download); M461607 (1 download); M461606 (1 download); M461603 (1 download); M461602 (1 download); M461601 (1 download); M461599 (1 download); M461598 (2 downloads); M461596 (1 download); M461595 (2 downloads); M461594 (2 downloads); M461593 (1 download); M461346 (1 download); M461020 (1 download); M461021 (1 download); M461022 (1 download); M461023 (1 download); M461024 (2 downloads); M461025 (1 download); M461026 (1 download); M461027 (1 download); M461028 (1 download); M461029 (1 download); M461030 (1 download); M461031 (1 download); M461032 (2 downloads); M461049 (1 download); M460961 (1 download); M460962 (1 download); M460963 (1 download); M460964 (1 download); M460969 (1 download); M460970 (1 download); M460971 (1 download); M460988 (1 download); M460989 (1 download); M460990 (1 download); M460991 (1 download); M460992 (1 download); M460993 (1 download); M460994 (1 download); M461096 (1 download); M461753 (1 download); M461754 (1 download); M461755 (2 downloads); M461756 (1 download); M461757 (1 download); M461758 (1 download); M461759 (2 downloads); M461760 (1 download); M461761 (3 downloads); M461762 (1 download); M461763 (1 download); M461764 (1 download); M461765 (1 download); M461766 (1 download); M461767 (1 download); M461768 (1 download); M461769 (2 downloads); M461770 (1 download); M461771 (1 download); M461772 (1 download); M461723 (1 download); M461701 (1 download); M461700 (1 download); M461352 (1 download); M461348 (1 download); M461341 (1 download); M461121 (1 download); M461122 (1 download); M461115 (1 download); M461123 (1 download); M461508 (2 downloads); M461515 (1 download); M461336 (2 downloads); M461296 (2 downloads); M461156 (1 download); M461583 (2 downloads); M461584 (1 download); M461597 (1 download); M461215 (1 download); M461181 (1 download); M461182 (1 download); M461229 (2 downloads); M461007 (2 downloads); M461228 (2 downloads); M461219 (2 downloads); M461176 (2 downloads); M461249 (1 download); M461256 (2 downloads); M461231 (3 downloads); M461197 (2 downloads); M461865 (2 downloads); M466104 (2 downloads); M461099 (1 download); M461095 (1 download); M461287 (2 downloads); M461005 (2 downloads); M461018 (2 downloads); M461207 (2 downloads); M466108 (2 downloads); M461214 (2 downloads); M461778 (2 downloads); M461777 (2 downloads); M461800 (2 downloads); M461790 (2 downloads); M461061 (1 download); M461059 (1 download); M461124 (1 download); M461117 (1 download); M460997 (1 download); M460998 (1 download); M460999 (1 download); M461000 (2 downloads); M461002 (3 downloads); M461004 (1 download); M461006 (1 download); M461008 (2 downloads); M461009 (1 download); M461010 (1 download); M461011 (1 download); M461012 (1 download); M461014 (2 downloads); M461016 (1 download); M461017 (1 download); M461019 (1 download); M461309 (1 download); M461310 (2 downloads); M461788 (1 download); M461792 (1 download); M461793 (1 download); M461795 (1 download); M461796 (1 download); M461798 (1 download); M461799 (1 download); M461801 (1 download); M461773 (1 download); M461774 (1 download); M461775 (1 download); M461776 (1 download); M461779 (1 download); M461781 (1 download); M461783 (1 download); M461784 (1 download); M461786 (1 download); M461787 (1 download); M466070 (1 download); M466081 (1 download); M466084 (1 download); M466091 (1 download); M466088 (1 download); M461285 (1 download); M461286 (1 download); M461288 (1 download); M461289 (1 download); M461291 (1 download); M461292 (1 download); M461293 (1 download); M461294 (1 download); M461295 (1 download); M461855 (1 download); M461856 (1 download); M461858 (1 download); M461859 (1 download); M461861 (1 download); M461862 (1 download); M461863 (1 download); M461864 (1 download); M461867 (1 download); M461842 (1 download); M461840 (1 download); M461843 (1 download); M461845 (1 download); M461847 (1 download); M461849 (1 download); M461850 (1 download); M461851 (1 download); M461852 (1 download); M461853 (1 download); M461854 (1 download); M461816 (1 download); M461818 (1 download); M461819 (1 download); M461820 (1 download); M461823 (1 download); M461824 (1 download); M461825 (1 download); M461826 (1 download); M461827 (1 download); M461828 (1 download); M461831 (1 download); M461832 (1 download); M461835 (1 download); M461836 (1 download); M461837 (1 download); M461838 (1 download); M461839 (1 download); M461321 (1 download); M461324 (1 download); M461325 (1 download); M461326 (1 download); M461328 (2 downloads); M461329 (1 download); M461330 (1 download); M461331 (1 download); M461335 (1 download); M462098 (1 download); M461209 (1 download); M461210 (1 download); M461211 (1 download); M461212 (1 download); M461216 (1 download); M461221 (1 download); M461198 (1 download); M461199 (1 download); M461200 (1 download); M461203 (1 download); M461205 (1 download); M461206 (1 download); M461223 (1 download); M461224 (1 download); M461226 (1 download); M461227 (1 download); M461232 (1 download); M461235 (1 download); M461236 (1 download); M466072 (1 download); M461741 (1 download); M466098 (1 download); M466100 (1 download); M466102 (1 download); M466107 (1 download); M466114 (1 download); M466115 (1 download); M466118 (1 download); M461502 (1 download); M461503 (1 download); M461504 (1 download); M461505 (1 download); M461507 (1 download); M461512 (1 download); M461514 (1 download); M461516 (1 download); M461407 (1 download); M461082 (2 downloads); M460973 (1 download); M461086 (1 download); M461088 (1 download); M461083 (2 downloads); M461081 (2 downloads); M461084 (1 download); M461105 (2 downloads); M461106 (1 download); M461107 (1 download); M461108 (1 download); M461109 (2 downloads); M461110 (1 download); M461111 (2 downloads); M461112 (1 download); M461113 (1 download); M461175 (1 download); M461177 (1 download); M461178 (1 download); M461237 (1 download); M461257 (1 download); |