Project 1126: C. Foth, H. Tischlinger, O. W. M. Rauhut. 2014. New specimen of Archaeopteryx provides insights into the evolution of pennaceous feathers. Nature. 511:79-82.
Specimen: † Archaeopteryx (BSPG:VnwK 02923)
View: lateral

Abstract

Discoveries of bird-like theropod dinosaurs and basal avialans in the past decades have helped to put the iconic ‘Urvogel’ Archaeopteryx into context and have yielded important new data on the origin and early evolution of feathers. However, the biological context under which pennaceous feathers evolved is still debated. Here we describe a new specimen of Archaeopteryx with extensive feather preservation, not only on the wings and tail, but also the body and legs. The new specimen shows that the entire body was covered in pennaceous feathers and the hindlimbs had long, symmetrical feathers along the tibiotarsus, but short feathers on the tarsometatarsus. Furthermore, the wing plumage demonstrates that several recent interpretations are problematic. An analysis of the phylogenetic distribution of pennaceous feathers on the tail, hindlimb and arms of advanced maniraptorans and basal avialans strongly indicates that these structures evolved in a functional context other than flight, most probably in relation to display as suggested by some previous studies. Pennaceous feathers thus represented an exaptation and were later, in several lineages and following different patterns, recruited for aerodynamic functions. This indicates that the origin of flight in avialans was more complex then previously thought and might have involved several convergent achievements of aerial abilities.


Read the article »

Article DOI: 10.1038/nature13467

Project DOI: 10.7934/P1126, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P1126
This project containsMatrices
  • 1 Media
  • 1 Matrix
  • 1 Document
  • 132 Taxa
  • 1 Specimen
  • 560 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 3.53M

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 29832
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 560
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 1278
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:494/66
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 1126

    Authors' Institutions

    • Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen

    • Bayerische Staatssammlung fuer Palaeontologie und Geologie



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media chars character
    media
    labels
    cell scorings
    (scored, NPA, "-")
    cell
    medialabels
    rules
    Christian Foth
    Project Administrator
    1110000
    (0, 0, 0)
    000
    Maureen Admin
    Full membership
    0000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    000
    MorphoBank Curator
    Full membership
    0000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    000
    Oliver Rauhut
    Full membership
    0000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    000


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M26929' (132 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] † Allosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    4851551200004
    [2] † Sinraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    16439639600004
    [3] † Dilong
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    16339739700004
    [4] † Eotyrannus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    42613413400004
    [5] † Tyrannosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    6649549400004
    [6] † Gorgosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    6949149100004
    [7] † Tanycolagreus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    39916116100004
    [8] † Coelurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    38717417300004
    [9] † Ornitholestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    20635535400004
    [10] † Huaxiagnathus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    26629529400004
    [11] † Sinosauropteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    24231931800004
    [12] † Deinocheirus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    506545400004
    [13] † Harpymimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    25930230100004
    [14] † Pelecanimimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    39017017000004
    [15] † Shenzhousaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    36619419400004
    [16] † Archaeornithomimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    31924324100004
    [17] † Garudimimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    25830230200004
    [18] † Anserimimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    44611411400004
    [19] † Ornithomimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    14641541400004
    [20] † Struthiomimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    13442742600004
    [21] † Gallimimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    9846546200004
    [22] † Falcarius
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    34721321300004
    [23] † Beipiaosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    476848400004
    [24] † Alxasaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    38917217100004
    [25] † Nothronychus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    476848400004
    [26] † Erliansaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    492686800004
    [27] † Nanshiungosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    522383800004
    [28] † Neimongosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    44111911900004
    [29] † Segnosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    41114914900004
    [30] † Erlikosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    33722322300004
    [31] † Therizinosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    517434300004
    [32] † Protarchaeopteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    42113913900004
    [33] † Elmisaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    515454500004
    [34] † Rinchenia
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    42014014000004
    [35] † Khaan
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    17638538400004
    [36] † Citipati
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    6549749500004
    [37] † Ingenia
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    21934334100004
    [38] † Heyuannia
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    41414614600004
    [39] † Byronosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    43312812700004
    [40] † Sinornithoides
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    26130029900004
    [41] † IGM100/44
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    496646400004
    [42] † Troodon
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    34621421400004
    [43] † Saurornithoides
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    35620420400004
    [44] † Zanabazar
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    37918218100004
    [45] † Buitreraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    26229929800004
    [46] † Austroraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    44511611500004
    [47] † Rahonavis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    37418718600004
    [48] † Bambiraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    8847247200004
    [49] † Sinornithosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    21535134500004
    [50] † Microraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    22034334000004
    [51] † Adasaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    31025225000004
    [52] † Velociraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    4052252000004
    [53] † Saurornitholestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    38117917900004
    [54] † Deinonychus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    11544644500004
    [55] † Achillobator
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    39716316300004
    [56] † Dromaeosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    39216816800004
    [57] † Utahraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    43612412400004
    [58] † Atrociraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    512484800004
    [59] † Epidexipteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    37318918700004
    [60] † Jeholornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    20835235200004
    [61] † Sapeornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    18238037800004
    [62] † Confuciusornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    14941541100004
    [63] † Yanornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    27629028400004
    [64] † Hagryphus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    525353500004
    [65] † Microvenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    45710310300004
    [66] † Avimimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    32024024000004
    [67] † Oviraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    32423623600004
    [68] † Conchoraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    25930130100004
    [69] † Chirostenotes
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    34621421400004
    [70] † Incisivosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    37718318300004
    [71] † Similicaudipteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    31924124100004
    [72] † Caudipteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    21534534500004
    [73] † Xiaotingia
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    29926126100004
    [74] † Sinovenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    20335835700004
    [75] † Archaeopteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    7449048600004
    [76] † Mei
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    17838538200004
    [77] † Haplocheirus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    22433633600004
    [78] † Patagonykus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    43212812800004
    [79] † Mononykus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    32723423300004
    [80] † Shuvuuia
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    13642742400004
    [81] † Alvarezsaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    465959500004
    [82] † IGM100-1015
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    45110910900004
    [83] † Tianyuraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    34821321200004
    [84] † Compsognathus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    24531631500004
    [85] † Sinusonasus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    465959500004
    [86] † Parvicursor
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    502585800004
    [87] † Sinornithomimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    30125925900004
    [88] † Guanlong
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    30425625600004
    [89] † Daspletosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    18537537500004
    [90] † Graciliraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    471908900004
    [91] † Balaur
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    35920120100004
    [92] † Mahakala
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    35920320100004
    [93] † Apsaravis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    32823623200004
    [94] † Yixianornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    25031531000004
    [95] † Yixianosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    489717100004
    [96] † Pedopenna
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    530303000004
    [97] † Tsaagan
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    31025125000004
    [98] † Hesperonychus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    544161600004
    [99] † Pyroraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    544161600004
    [100] † Albinykus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    518424200004
    [101] † Proceratosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    484767600004
    [102] † Xixiasaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    503575700004
    [103] † IGM100/1126
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    32923223100004
    [104] † IGM100/1323
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    41714314300004
    [105] † Tarbosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    19636636400004
    [106] † Albertosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    22833233200004
    [107] † Jixiangornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    30425625600004
    [108] † Neuquenornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    45910310100004
    [109] † Patagopteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    41215414800004
    [110] † Cathayornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    37918618100004
    [111] † Concornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    44012412000004
    [112] † Gobipteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    464989600004
    [113] † Vorona
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    518424200004
    [114] † Songlingornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    523393700004
    [115] † Pengornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    39017717000004
    [116] † Hesperornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    30825225200004
    [117] † Baptornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    480838000004
    [118] † Ichthyornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    28727827300004
    [119] † Iaceornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    473878700004
    [120] † Limenavis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    526363400004
    [121] † Crypturellus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    18038138000004
    [122] † Lithornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    27429328600004
    [123] Gallus
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/11/20
    17338938700004
    [124] Crax
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/11/20
    17138938900004
    [125] Anas
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/11/20
    18937337100004
    [126] Chauna
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/11/20
    17338838700004
    [127] † Hongshanornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    39217016800004
    [128] † Liaoningornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    507535300004
    [129] † Unenlagia
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    39116916900004
    [130] † Anchiornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    22333833700004
    [131] † Jinfengopteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    38417617600004
    [132] † Eosinopteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/14/20
    42613413400004


    Project downloads

    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project606
    Matrix downloads51 (46 downloads); Matrix from Foth et al 2014 - modified by Morphobank curators to make it parse correctly - Please found the original matrix uploaded by authors in the "documents" section (5 downloads);
    Project downloads546
    Media downloads8M332979 (8 downloads);
    Document downloads1Original nexus file submited by the authors (1 download);