Project 1238: K. T. Stilson, S. S. B. Hopkins, E. B. Davis. 2014. 50 Million Years of Severe Osteopathology in Rhinocerotidae, Meeting Abstract. Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology.
Specimen: † Menoceras arikarense E. H. Barbour, 1906 (AMNH:144630)
View: Phalanges

Abstract

Skeletal pathologies in the fossil record are commonly considered indicators of an individual animal’s life history and development, and not reflections of processes related to all or part of a lineage’s history. Individual elements of many extinct and extant rhinocerotids display arthritis-like osteopathologies. The proportion of severe osteopathology increases over the last 50 million years from about 30% of all elements in a taxon from the Eocene showing some form of osteopathology to 100% of all elements in modern taxa. The Rhinocerotidae preserved in the fossil record do not represent a direct lineage, but a group of closely related organisms that present a study system for pathological evolution and development. Osteopathology is examined here in six extinct taxa spanning 50 Ma (Hyrachyus eximus, Diceratherium sp., Trigonias osborni, Menoceras arikarensus, Aphelops sp., and Teleoceras sp.) as well as the five living species of rhinoceroses. Seven pathological indicators (overgrowth, lipping, remodeling, erosions, worn articular surface, and variable foramen shape and size) were scored for each element on a scale of 1-4 and mapped on a phylogenetic tree using Mesquite to establish ancestral and lineage expression of osteopathology (i.e., that present in the common ancestor and also that present as successive points along the tree). We estimated mass from femur length and compared resulting values with the literature. We measured cursoriality using the established proxies of metatarsal length over femur length (MT/F), and total hind-leg length (femur + tibia + metatarsal). Estimated mass increases from 50 Ma to the present and correlates with the increased expression of osteopathology while cursoriality, the other trait examined as a possible contributing factor, did not. This degree of osteopatholgical expression may be an example of evolutionary compromise.


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Project DOI: 10.7934/P1238, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P1238
This project containsMatrices
  • 1297 Media
  • 1 Matrix
  • 7 Documents
  • 51 Taxa
  • 322 Specimens
  • 72 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 14.11G

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 2724
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 72
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 183
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:72/0
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MorphoBank Project 1238

    Authors' Institutions

    • University of Oregon

    • University of Texas at Austin



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    Kelsey Stilson
    Project Administrator
    513221297777200002724
    (2724, 0, 0)
    02664000
    MorphoBank Curator
    Full membership
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    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M2867' (45 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
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    [1] † Hyrachyus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    072000002
    [2] † Egysodontinae
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    1953000002
    [3] † Hyracodontinae
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    369000002
    [4] † Teletaceras
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    2151000002
    [5] † Penetrigonas
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    2250000002
    [6] † Amphicaenopus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    2151000002
    [7] † Trigonias osborni
    Taxon name last Modified on 08/25/14
    468000002
    [8] † Subhyracodon
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    864000002
    [9] † Diceratherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    369000002
    [10] † Menoceras arikarense
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    072000002
    [11] † Floridaceras
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    567000002
    [13] † Peraceras
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    1260000002
    [14] † Aphelops mutilis
    Taxon name last Modified on 08/25/14
    468000002
    [15] † Teleoceras hicksi
    Taxon name last Modified on 08/25/14
    567000002
    [16] † Ronzotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    1359000002
    [17] † Mesaceratherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    3141000002
    [18] † Protaceratherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    765000002
    [19] † Pleuroceros
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    1458000002
    [20] † Diceratherium niobrarense
    Taxon name last Modified on 08/25/14
    765000002
    [21] † Brachypotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    765000002
    [22] † Prosantorhinus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    666000002
    [23] † Alicornops
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    270000002
    [24] † Hoploaceratherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    270000002
    [25] † Aceratjeroi
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    666000002
    [26] † Lartetotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    468000002
    [27] † L.schleiermacheri
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    369000002
    [28] † Stephanorhinus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    1062000002
    [29] † Coleodonta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    468000002
    [30] † Hispanotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    2052000002
    [31] † Begertherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    1260000002
    [32] † Beliajevina
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    1260000002
    [33] † Iranotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    2745000002
    [34] † Elasmotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    2151000002
    [35] † Ninxiatherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    3933000002
    [36] † Acerorhinus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    963000002
    [37] † Chilotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    1062000002
    [38] † Chilotheridium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    1953000002
    [39] † Aprotodon
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    1557000002
    [40] † Gaindatherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    2448000002
    [41] † Punjabitherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    3240000002
    [42] Rhinoceros
    Taxon name last Modified on 09/11/14
    369000002
    [43] Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 08/27/14
    567000002
    [44] Diceros bicornis
    Taxon name last Modified on 08/25/14
    171000002
    [45] Ceratotherium simum
    Taxon name last Modified on 08/25/14
    171000002
    [46] † Paradiceros
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/16/15
    2349000002


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M365925 (1 view); M365911 (2 views); M365914 (3 views); M365913 (3 views); M365910 (1 view); M365875 (2 views); M365959 (2 views); M365865 (2 views); M365903 (1 view);
    Views for media list10981
    Documents list2313
    Matrix views2876Matrix landing page (2500 views); Character Data from Cerdeño 1995 (371 views); (5 views);
    Specimen list176571
    Taxon list17836
    Bibliography1237




    Project downloads

    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project455
    Document downloads7Unpruned Rhino Tree from Cerdeño 1995 for R (1 download); Mass Estimates for Extinct and Extinct Rhinocerotidae (3 downloads); Osteopathology Scores for R (2 downloads); R Code for Rhino Osteopathology Project (1 download);
    Matrix downloads15Character Data from Cerdeño 1995 (15 downloads);
    Project downloads430
    Media downloads3M365878 (1 download); M337080 (1 download); M336850 (1 download);