Project 157: J. R. Wible, G. W. Rougier, M. J. Novacek, R. J. Asher. 2007. Cretaceous eutherians and Laurasian origin for placental mammals near the K/T boundary. Nature. 447:1003-1006.
Abstract
Estimates of the time of origin for placental mammals from DNA studies span nearly the duration of the Cretaceous period (145 to 65 million years ago), with a maximum of 129 million years ago and a minimum of 78 million years ago. Palaeontologists too are divided on the timing. Some support a deep Cretaceous origin by allying certain middle Cretaceous fossils (97 to 90 million years old) from Uzbekistan with modern placental lineages, whereas others support the origin of crown group Placentalia near the close of the Cretaceous. This controversy has yet to be addressed by a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis that includes all well-known Cretaceous fossils and a wide sample of morphology among Tertiary and recent placentals. Here we report the discovery of a new well-preserved mammal from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia and a broad-scale phylogenetic analysis. Our results exclude Cretaceous fossils from Placentalia, place the origin of Placentalia near the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary in Laurasia rather than much earlier within the Cretaceous in the Southern Hemisphere and place afrotherians and xenarthrans in a nested rather than a basal position within Placentalia.Read the article »
Project DOI: 10.7934/P157, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P157
| This project contains | Matrices |
|---|---|
Download Project SDD File  | Total scored cells: 17146 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
| Characters | |
| Total characters: 408 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 1019 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:408/0 |
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 157
MorphoBank Project 157
- Creation Date:
22 July 2007 - Publication Date:
22 July 2007 - Media downloads: 1
- Matrix downloads: 37
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- University of Cambridge
- University of Louisville
- American Museum of Natural History (AMNH)
- Carnegie Museum of Natural History
Members
| member name | taxa |
specimens |
media | media notes | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||
| Michael Novacek Project Administrator | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 408 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17146 (15846, 0, 1300) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Robert Asher Observer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Guillermo Rougier Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| John Wible Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M430' (69 Taxa)
| taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
| [1] Nanolestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 281 | 113 | 112 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [2] Peramus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 270 | 127 | 123 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [3] Vincelestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 9 | 372 | 371 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [4] Kielantherium Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 324 | 78 | 76 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [5] Deltatheridium Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 133 | 265 | 263 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [6] Mayulestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 51 | 341 | 341 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [7] Pucadelphys Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 27 | 366 | 366 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [8] Eomaia Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 221 | 186 | 184 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [9] Prokennalestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 217 | 194 | 188 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [10] Murtoilestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 346 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [11] Bobolestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 298 | 110 | 108 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [12] Montanalestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 337 | 76 | 70 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [13] Paranyctoides Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 301 | 113 | 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [14] Eozhelestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 367 | 43 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [15] Sheikhdzheilia Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 336 | 74 | 71 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [16] Alostera Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 350 | 58 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [17] Lainodon Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 385 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [18] Avitotherium Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 336 | 72 | 70 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [19] Gallolestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 365 | 44 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [20] Parazhelestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 252 | 157 | 153 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [21] Aspanlestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 257 | 154 | 148 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [22] Zhelestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 241 | 171 | 164 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [23] Cimolestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 246 | 166 | 157 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [24] Maelestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 92 | 322 | 313 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [25] Batodon Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 302 | 105 | 103 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [26] Bulaklestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 304 | 101 | 99 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [27] Daulestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 307 | 100 | 97 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [28] Uchkudukodon Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 150 | 258 | 248 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [29] Kennalestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 100 | 299 | 296 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [30] Asioryctes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 61 | 336 | 333 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [31] Ukhaatherium Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 47 | 349 | 347 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [32] Deccanolestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 292 | 115 | 113 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [33] Kulbeckia Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 204 | 204 | 194 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [34] Zhangolestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 357 | 52 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [35] Alymlestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 387 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [36] Zalambdalestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 39 | 370 | 358 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [37] Barunlestes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 112 | 283 | 281 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [38] Gypsonictops Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 281 | 135 | 126 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [39] Leptictis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 11 | 388 | 387 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [40] Purgatorius Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 302 | 106 | 103 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [41] Protungulatum Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 195 | 214 | 206 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [42] Oxyprimus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 304 | 102 | 100 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [43] Vulpavus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 78 | 336 | 322 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [44] Miacis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 124 | 285 | 277 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [45] Diacodexis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 83 | 319 | 316 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [46] Hyopsodus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 30 | 377 | 367 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [47] Meniscotherium Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 30 | 375 | 370 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [48] Phenacodus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 49 | 359 | 349 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [49] Ptilocercus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 1 | 396 | 394 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [50] Plesiadapis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 33 | 373 | 356 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [51] Northarctus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 29 | 372 | 364 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [52] Adapis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 50 | 352 | 342 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [53] Tribosphenomys Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 231 | 149 | 149 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [54] Paramys Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 24 | 344 | 339 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [55] Rhombomylus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 18 | 354 | 347 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [56] Gomphos Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 98 | 276 | 274 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [57] Mimotona Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 255 | 126 | 122 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [58] Blarina Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 22 | 366 | 359 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [59] Erinaceus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 3 | 395 | 385 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [60] Solenodon Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 10 | 375 | 374 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [61] Eoryctes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 194 | 208 | 203 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [62] Potamogale Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 7 | 376 | 376 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [63] Orycteropus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 10 | 283 | 276 | 0 | 122 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [64] Rhynchocyon Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 8 | 370 | 368 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [65] Procavia Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2 | 384 | 377 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [66] Moeritherium Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 105 | 268 | 266 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [67] Chaetophractus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 1 | 282 | 282 | 0 | 125 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [68] Bradypus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 1 | 277 | 274 | 0 | 133 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| [69] Tamandua Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 14 | 247 | 245 | 0 | 149 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Project downloads
| type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
| Total downloads from project | 427 | |
| Media downloads | 1 | M85690 (1 download); |
| Matrix downloads | 37 | Cretaceous eutherians - morphology (37 downloads); |
| Project downloads | 389 |