Project 2044: Fordyce, R.E., Marx, F.G. 2018. Gigantism precedes filter feeding in baleen whale evolution. Current Biology. 28:1670-1676.e2.
Abstract
Baleen whales (Mysticeti) are the largest animals on Earth, thanks to their ability to filter feed huge volumes of small prey from seawater. Mysticetes appeared during the Late Eocene, but evidence of their early evolution remains both sparse and controversial, with several models competing to explain the origin of baleen-based bulk feeding. Here, we describe a virtually complete skull of Llanocetus denticrenatus, the second-oldest (ca 34 Ma) mysticete known. The new material represents the same individual as the type and only specimen, a fragmentary mandible. Phylogenetic analysis groups Llanocetus with the oldest mysticete, Mystacodon selenensis, into the basal family Llanocetidae. Llanocetus is gigantic (body length ca 8 m) compared to other early mysticetes. The broad rostrum has sharp, widely-spaced teeth with marked dental abrasion and attrition suggesting biting and occlusal shearing. As in extant mysticetes, the palate bears many sulci, commonly interpreted as osteological correlates of baleen. Unexpectedly, these sulci converge on the upper alveoli, suggesting a peri-dental blood supply to well-developed gums, rather than to inter-alveolar racks of baleen. We interpret Llanocetus as a raptorial or suction feeder, revealing that whales evolved gigantism well before the emergence of filter feeding. Rather than driving the origin of mysticetes, baleen and filtering likely only arose following an initial phase of suction-assisted raptorial feeding. This scenario strikingly differs from that proposed for odontocetes, whose defining adaptation ? echolocation ? was present even in their earliest representatives.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.027
Project DOI: 10.7934/P2044, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2044
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 29213 Total media associated with cells: 17480 Total labels associated with cell media: 18229 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 275 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 645 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:237/38 |
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MorphoBank Project 2044
MorphoBank Project 2044
- Creation Date:
23 May 2015 - Publication Date:
05 June 2018 - Project views: 226682
- Media downloads: 116
- Matrix downloads: 86
Authors' Institutions
- Museum Victoria, Melbourne
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
- Monash University
- University of Otago
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
- Smithsonian Institution
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | media notes | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||
Felix Marx Project Administrator | 106 | 294 | 5617 | 53 | 275 | 219 | 0 | 0 | 29213 (16140, 11841, 1232) | 37 | 14849 | 18229 | 0 | ||||||
Seth Kaufman | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M3690' (106 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Zygorhiza kochii Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 250 | 0 | 18 | 7 | 313 | 332 | 2 |
[2] † Albertocetus meffordorum Taxon name last Modified on 12/04/17 | 0 | 188 | 0 | 75 | 12 | 275 | 280 | 2 |
[3] † Archaeodelphis patrius Taxon name last Modified on 06/16/15 | 0 | 102 | 0 | 164 | 9 | 119 | 126 | 2 |
[4] † Olympicetus avitus Taxon name last Modified on 11/07/17 | 0 | 137 | 0 | 129 | 9 | 152 | 159 | 2 |
[5] † Waipatia maerewhenua Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 217 | 0 | 45 | 13 | 247 | 261 | 2 |
[6] Physeter macrocephalus Taxon name last Modified on 12/15/17 | 0 | 227 | 2 | 11 | 39 | 263 | 276 | 2 |
[7] † Aetiocetus cotylalveus Taxon name last Modified on 06/16/15 | 0 | 164 | 0 | 109 | 2 | 197 | 212 | 2 |
[8] † Aetiocetus polydentatus Taxon name last Modified on 06/16/15 | 0 | 175 | 22 | 97 | 3 | 192 | 206 | 2 |
[9] † Aetiocetus weltoni Taxon name last Modified on 06/16/15 | 0 | 188 | 0 | 84 | 3 | 220 | 230 | 2 |
[10] † Aglaocetus moreni Taxon name last Modified on 06/16/15 | 0 | 140 | 0 | 123 | 12 | 156 | 158 | 2 |
[11] † Aglaocetus patulus Taxon name last Modified on 06/16/15 | 0 | 187 | 0 | 77 | 13 | 224 | 235 | 2 |
[12] † Archaebalaenoptera castriarquati Taxon name last Modified on 06/16/15 | 0 | 98 | 0 | 160 | 17 | 119 | 122 | 2 |
[13] † Aulocetus latus Taxon name last Modified on 12/15/17 | 0 | 99 | 0 | 170 | 6 | 113 | 118 | 2 |
[14] † Balaena montalionis Taxon name last Modified on 06/16/15 | 0 | 71 | 0 | 186 | 18 | 86 | 90 | 2 |
[15] Balaena mysticetus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 253 | 0 | 2 | 23 | 309 | 317 | 2 |
[16] † Balaena ricei Taxon name last Modified on 06/16/15 | 0 | 96 | 0 | 161 | 18 | 116 | 122 | 2 |
[17] † Balaenella brachyrhynus Taxon name last Modified on 06/16/15 | 0 | 134 | 0 | 121 | 20 | 171 | 175 | 2 |
[18] Balaenoptera acutorostrata Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 259 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 284 | 301 | 2 |
[19] † Balaenoptera bertae Taxon name last Modified on 06/16/15 | 0 | 70 | 0 | 198 | 7 | 94 | 99 | 2 |
[20] Balaenoptera bonaerensis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 254 | 0 | 5 | 16 | 299 | 312 | 2 |
[21] Balaenoptera borealis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 258 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 279 | 298 | 2 |
[22] Balaenoptera musculus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 256 | 0 | 3 | 17 | 295 | 310 | 2 |
[23] Balaenoptera omurai Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 252 | 246 | 7 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] Balaenoptera physalus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 259 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 291 | 310 | 2 |
[25] † Balaenoptera portisi Taxon name last Modified on 06/16/15 | 0 | 180 | 0 | 83 | 12 | 227 | 238 | 2 |
[26] † Balaenoptera ryani Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 81 | 79 | 190 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
[27] † Balaenoptera siberi Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 158 | 0 | 103 | 16 | 184 | 190 | 2 |
[28] † Balaenula astensis Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 146 | 0 | 110 | 19 | 188 | 188 | 2 |
[29] † Balaenula sp. Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 125 | 0 | 132 | 18 | 149 | 154 | 2 |
[30] † Brandtocetus chongulek Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 122 | 0 | 148 | 6 | 151 | 165 | 2 |
[31] Caperea marginata Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 252 | 0 | 3 | 26 | 359 | 376 | 2 |
[32] † Cephalotropis coronatus Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 138 | 136 | 125 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
[33] † Cetotherium megalophysum Taxon name last Modified on 12/15/17 | 0 | 117 | 114 | 142 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] † Cetotherium rathkii Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 139 | 0 | 118 | 18 | 165 | 170 | 2 |
[35] † Cetotherium riabinini Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 185 | 0 | 73 | 17 | 215 | 220 | 2 |
[36] † Chonecetus sookensis Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 79 | 0 | 194 | 2 | 93 | 99 | 2 |
[37] † Coronodon havensteini Taxon name last Modified on 08/25/17 | 0 | 201 | 0 | 70 | 5 | 269 | 277 | 2 |
[38] † Diorocetus chichibuensis Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 176 | 0 | 86 | 13 | 210 | 213 | 2 |
[39] † Diorocetus hiatus Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 213 | 0 | 49 | 13 | 263 | 279 | 2 |
[40] † Diorocetus shobarensis Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 127 | 0 | 136 | 13 | 160 | 164 | 2 |
[41] † Diunatans luctoretemergo Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 123 | 0 | 149 | 4 | 149 | 159 | 2 |
[42] † Eomysticetus whitmorei Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 181 | 0 | 79 | 15 | 214 | 221 | 2 |
[43] † Eschrichtioides gastaldii Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 144 | 0 | 113 | 18 | 170 | 174 | 2 |
[44] Eschrichtius robustus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 263 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 320 | 334 | 2 |
[45] † Eubalaena ianitrix Taxon name last Modified on 11/07/17 | 0 | 69 | 0 | 200 | 6 | 93 | 95 | 2 |
[46] † Eubalaena shinshuensis Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 202 | 18 | 77 | 77 | 2 |
[47] Eubalaena spp. Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 258 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 403 | 418 | 2 |
[48] † Fragilicetus velponi Taxon name last Modified on 11/02/16 | 0 | 87 | 1 | 185 | 4 | 99 | 107 | 2 |
[49] † Fucaia buelli Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/15 | 0 | 148 | 0 | 124 | 3 | 175 | 183 | 2 |
[50] † Fucaia goedertorum Taxon name last Modified on 12/16/15 | 0 | 192 | 0 | 79 | 4 | 235 | 240 | 2 |
[51] † Gricetoides aurorae Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 82 | 0 | 192 | 1 | 96 | 105 | 2 |
[52] † Herentalia nigra Taxon name last Modified on 02/08/16 | 0 | 67 | 8 | 201 | 7 | 72 | 77 | 2 |
[53] † Herpetocetus bramblei Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 145 | 0 | 113 | 17 | 181 | 199 | 2 |
[54] † Herpetocetus morrowi Taxon name last Modified on 02/17/16 | 0 | 217 | 0 | 41 | 19 | 329 | 347 | 2 |
[55] † Herpetocetus sp. Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 64 | 0 | 204 | 7 | 78 | 81 | 2 |
[56] † Herpetocetus transatlanticus Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 116 | 0 | 152 | 7 | 153 | 171 | 2 |
[57] † Horopeta umarere Taxon name last Modified on 03/29/16 | 0 | 118 | 0 | 145 | 12 | 139 | 140 | 2 |
[58] † Incakujira anillodefuego Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/16 | 0 | 203 | 3 | 58 | 16 | 245 | 249 | 2 |
[59] † Isanacetus laticephalus Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 197 | 0 | 64 | 15 | 244 | 251 | 2 |
[60] † Janjucetus hunderi Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 181 | 0 | 88 | 6 | 191 | 201 | 2 |
[61] † Joumocetus shimizui Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 116 | 0 | 144 | 15 | 136 | 141 | 2 |
[62] † Kurdalagonus mchedlidzei Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 129 | 0 | 130 | 16 | 157 | 167 | 2 |
[63] † Llanocetus denticrenatus Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 179 | 0 | 91 | 5 | 225 | 232 | 2 |
[64] † Mammalodon colliveri Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 175 | 0 | 93 | 7 | 206 | 219 | 2 |
[65] † Mammalodon hakataramea Taxon name last Modified on 09/11/15 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 239 | 0 | 41 | 39 | 2 |
[66] † Matapanui waihao Taxon name last Modified on 08/25/17 | 0 | 121 | 0 | 139 | 15 | 147 | 153 | 2 |
[67] † Mauicetus parki Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 183 | 147 | 80 | 13 | 37 | 40 | 2 |
[68] † Megaptera hubachi Taxon name last Modified on 12/15/17 | 0 | 183 | 0 | 75 | 17 | 220 | 228 | 2 |
[69] † Megaptera miocaena Taxon name last Modified on 12/15/17 | 0 | 150 | 0 | 107 | 18 | 192 | 209 | 2 |
[70] Megaptera novaeangliae Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 261 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 329 | 346 | 2 |
[71] † Metopocetus durinasus Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 81 | 0 | 188 | 6 | 103 | 114 | 2 |
[72] † Metopocetus hunteri Taxon name last Modified on 03/29/16 | 0 | 107 | 0 | 162 | 7 | 132 | 144 | 2 |
[73] † Metopocetus vandelli Taxon name last Modified on 12/15/17 | 0 | 101 | 0 | 169 | 6 | 122 | 129 | 2 |
[74] † Micromysticetus rothauseni Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 90 | 0 | 183 | 2 | 105 | 114 | 2 |
[75] † Miocaperea pulchra Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 137 | 0 | 118 | 21 | 165 | 173 | 2 |
[76] † Morawanocetus yabukii Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 140 | 64 | 130 | 5 | 92 | 94 | 2 |
[77] † Morenocetus parvus Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 113 | 0 | 157 | 5 | 144 | 150 | 2 |
[78] † Mystacodon selenensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/25/17 | 0 | 127 | 9 | 143 | 5 | 135 | 139 | 2 |
[79] † Nannocetus eremus Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 89 | 0 | 184 | 2 | 113 | 123 | 2 |
[80] † NMNS PV19540 Taxon name last Modified on 12/29/16 | 0 | 168 | 166 | 90 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[81] † NMNZ MM001630 Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 195 | 183 | 62 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[82] † OCPC 1178 Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 91 | 89 | 182 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[83] † OU 22224 Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 107 | 104 | 166 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[84] † OU 22705 Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 151 | 149 | 110 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[85] † OU GS10897 Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 56 | 55 | 217 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[86] † Parabalaenoptera baulinensis Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 162 | 0 | 98 | 15 | 190 | 193 | 2 |
[87] † Parietobalaena campiniana Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 153 | 0 | 108 | 14 | 191 | 193 | 2 |
[88] † Parietobalaena palmeri Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 217 | 0 | 50 | 13 | 280 | 289 | 2 |
[89] † Parietobalaena sp. Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 154 | 0 | 106 | 15 | 179 | 188 | 2 |
[90] † Parietobalaena yamaokai Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 174 | 0 | 91 | 13 | 212 | 218 | 2 |
[91] † Pelocetus calvertensis Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 220 | 0 | 41 | 14 | 252 | 255 | 2 |
[92] † Peripolocetus vexillifer Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 60 | 58 | 214 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
[93] † Pinocetus polonicus Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 115 | 0 | 148 | 12 | 123 | 125 | 2 |
[94] † Piscobalaena nana Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 242 | 0 | 15 | 19 | 300 | 309 | 2 |
[95] † Plesiobalaenoptera quarantellii Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 137 | 0 | 121 | 17 | 148 | 157 | 2 |
[96] † Thinocetus arthritus Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 143 | 0 | 120 | 12 | 170 | 176 | 2 |
[97] † Tiphyocetus temblorensis Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 71 | 0 | 204 | 0 | 81 | 84 | 2 |
[98] † Titanocetus sammarinensis Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 139 | 0 | 125 | 11 | 156 | 160 | 2 |
[99] † Tiucetus rosae Taxon name last Modified on 09/15/17 | 0 | 139 | 0 | 135 | 1 | 173 | 177 | 2 |
[100] † Tohoraata raekohao Taxon name last Modified on 03/31/16 | 0 | 113 | 0 | 160 | 2 | 126 | 133 | 2 |
[101] † Tokarahia kauaeroa Taxon name last Modified on 03/31/16 | 0 | 149 | 0 | 113 | 13 | 172 | 176 | 2 |
[102] † Uranocetus gramensis Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 173 | 0 | 86 | 16 | 191 | 196 | 2 |
[103] † Waharoa ruwhenua Taxon name last Modified on 11/07/16 | 0 | 198 | 0 | 62 | 17 | 309 | 313 | 2 |
[104] † Whakakai waipata Taxon name last Modified on 01/26/17 | 0 | 80 | 0 | 194 | 1 | 95 | 99 | 2 |
[105] † Yamatocetus canaliculatus Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 191 | 0 | 70 | 14 | 218 | 220 | 2 |
[106] † ZMT 67 Taxon name last Modified on 06/17/15 | 0 | 140 | 139 | 122 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
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Total project views | 226682 | |
Project overview | 3326 | |
Matrix views | 2307 | Matrix landing page (1608 views); Mysticetes mark II (699 views); |
Documents list | 1043 | |
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Views for media list | 5017 | |
Specimen list | 115490 | |
Taxon list | 13456 | |
Bibliography | 10512 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 379 | |
Matrix downloads | 86 | Mysticetes mark II (86 downloads); |
Document downloads | 18 | Palatal sulci and body size optimisation (6 downloads); Institutional abbreviations (1 download); Supplementary Nexus file (11 downloads); |
Project downloads | 159 | |
Media downloads | 116 | M379508 (1 download); M379497 (2 downloads); M379494 (1 download); M379495 (2 downloads); M379496 (2 downloads); M379501 (1 download); M379500 (1 download); M379499 (1 download); M379503 (2 downloads); M379510 (2 downloads); M410674 (2 downloads); M343097 (1 download); M343098 (1 download); M343099 (1 download); M343104 (1 download); M343105 (1 download); M343111 (1 download); M343209 (1 download); M343211 (1 download); M342550 (1 download); M342553 (1 download); M342556 (1 download); M342570 (1 download); M342559 (1 download); M342561 (1 download); M342565 (1 download); M342568 (1 download); M342571 (1 download); M342581 (1 download); M344011 (1 download); M381629 (1 download); M379498 (1 download); M340788 (1 download); M340790 (1 download); M340832 (1 download); M343531 (1 download); M345671 (1 download); M343486 (1 download); M343487 (1 download); M343489 (1 download); M343493 (1 download); M343494 (1 download); M343495 (1 download); M343526 (1 download); M343501 (1 download); M342432 (1 download); M341410 (1 download); M344453 (1 download); M344604 (1 download); M344605 (1 download); M344606 (1 download); M344575 (1 download); M344572 (1 download); M344454 (1 download); M344455 (1 download); M344456 (1 download); M344457 (1 download); M344458 (1 download); M344459 (1 download); M344460 (1 download); M344461 (1 download); M344462 (1 download); M344463 (1 download); M344464 (1 download); M344573 (1 download); M452462 (1 download); M344574 (1 download); M344576 (1 download); M410636 (1 download); M410637 (1 download); M410638 (1 download); M410640 (1 download); M410639 (1 download); M410839 (1 download); M410840 (1 download); M410841 (2 downloads); M410842 (1 download); M410843 (1 download); M410844 (1 download); M452463 (1 download); M452464 (1 download); M452465 (1 download); M452466 (1 download); M452467 (1 download); M452468 (1 download); M452469 (1 download); M452470 (1 download); M410629 (1 download); M410845 (1 download); M410846 (1 download); M410847 (1 download); M410848 (1 download); M410849 (1 download); M452471 (1 download); M452472 (1 download); M410641 (1 download); M410635 (1 download); M410630 (1 download); M410631 (1 download); M410632 (1 download); M410633 (1 download); M410634 (1 download); M410624 (1 download); M410625 (1 download); M410626 (1 download); M410627 (1 download); M410628 (1 download); M410622 (1 download); M410623 (1 download); |