Morphobank

Project 2189: Allison Y. Hsiang, Daniel J. Field, Timothy H. Webster, Adam D. B. Behlke, Matthew B. Davis, Rachel A. Racicot, Jacques A. Gauthier. 2015. The origin of snakes: revealing the ecology, behavior, and evolutionary history of early snakes using genomics, phenomics, and the fossil record. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 15 (87).

Specimen: Loxocemus bicolor (FMNH/104800)

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Abstract

The highly derived morphology and astounding diversity of snakes has long inspired debate regarding the ecological and evolutionary origin of both the snake total-group (Pan-Serpentes) and crown snakes (Serpentes). Although speculation abounds on the ecology, behavior, and provenance of the earliest snakes, a rigorous, clade-wide analysis of snake origins has yet to be attempted, in part due to a dearth of adequate paleontological data on early stem snakes. Here, we present the first comprehensive analytical reconstruction of the ancestor of crown snakes and the ancestor of the snake total-group, as inferred using multiple methods of ancestral state reconstruction. We use a combined-data approach that includes new information from the fossil record on extinct crown snakes, new data on the anatomy of the stem snakes Najash rionegrina, Dinilysia patagonica, and Coniophis precedens, and a deeper understanding of the distribution of phenotypic apomorphies among the major clades of fossil and Recent snakes. Additionally, we infer time-calibrated phylogenies using both new ‘tip-dating’ and traditional node-based approaches, providing new insights on temporal patterns in the early evolutionary history of snakes.

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Article DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0358-5

Project DOI: 10.7934/P2189, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2189

This project contains	Matrices
2 Media 1 Matrix 74 Taxa 2 Specimens 777 Characters Total size of project's media files: 42.13k Download Project SDD File	Total scored cells: 33788 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0
	Characters
	Total characters: 777 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 1974 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:558/219

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MorphoBank Project 2189

Creation Date:
04 June 2015
Publication Date:
12 June 2015
Matrix downloads: 22

This research
supported by

Authors' Institutions

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

Yale University

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MorphoBank Curator
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33788
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Maureen Admin
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Allison Hsiang
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Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M23369' (73 Taxa)

taxon	unscored cells	scored cells	no cell support	NPA cells	"-" cells	cell images	labels on cell images	member access
[1] Shinisaurus crocodilurus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	147	630	630	0	0	0	0	3
[2] Xenosaurus platyceps Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	217	560	560	0	0	0	0	3
[3] Xenosaurus grandis Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	149	631	628	0	0	0	0	3
[4] Pseudopus apodus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	188	591	589	0	0	0	0	3
[5] † Peltosaurus granulosus Taxon name last Modified on 06/12/15	306	472	471	0	0	0	0	3
[6] † Helodermoides tuberculatus Taxon name last Modified on 06/12/15	407	371	370	0	0	0	0	3
[7] Celestus enneagrammus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	156	623	621	0	0	0	0	3
[8] Elgaria multicarinata Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	130	649	647	0	0	0	0	3
[9] † Proplatynotia longirostrata Taxon name last Modified on 06/12/15	495	282	281	0	0	0	0	3
[10] † Gobiderma pulchrum Taxon name last Modified on 06/12/15	355	422	422	0	0	0	0	3
[11] Heloderma horridum Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	161	616	616	0	0	0	0	3
[12] Heloderma suspectum Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	165	616	612	0	0	0	0	3
[13] Lanthanotus borneensis Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	161	616	616	0	0	0	0	3
[14] † Saniwa Taxon name last Modified on 06/12/15	318	459	459	0	0	0	0	3
[15] Varanus salvator Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	164	616	613	0	0	0	0	3
[16] Varanus acanthurus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	157	621	620	0	0	0	0	3
[17] Varanus exanthematicus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	158	621	619	0	0	0	0	3
[18] † Coniophis precedens Taxon name last Modified on 06/12/15	683	94	94	0	0	0	0	3
[19] † Najash rionegrina Taxon name last Modified on 06/12/15	600	177	177	0	0	0	0	3
[20] † Dinilysia patagonica Taxon name last Modified on 06/12/15	369	408	408	0	0	0	0	3
[21] Rena dulcis Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	325	455	452	0	0	0	0	3
[22] Typhlops jamaicensis Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	396	383	381	0	0	0	0	3
[23] Liotyphlops albirostris Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	396	383	381	0	0	0	0	3
[24] Typhlophis squamosus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	422	356	355	0	0	0	0	3
[25] † Sanajeh indicus Taxon name last Modified on 06/12/15	698	79	79	0	0	0	0	3
[26] † Wonambi naracoortensis Taxon name last Modified on 06/12/15	576	201	201	0	0	0	0	3
[27] † Yurlunggur camfieldensis Taxon name last Modified on 06/12/15	547	230	230	0	0	0	0	3
[28] Anilius scytale Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	261	518	516	0	0	0	0	3
[29] Cylindrophis ruffus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	237	541	540	0	0	0	0	3
[30] Anomochilus leonardi Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	314	463	463	0	0	0	0	3
[31] Uropeltis melanogaster Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	321	457	456	0	0	0	0	3
[32] † Haasiophis terrasanctus Taxon name last Modified on 06/12/15	478	300	299	0	0	0	0	3
[33] † Eupodophis descouensis Taxon name last Modified on 06/12/15	608	170	169	0	0	0	0	3
[34] † Pachyrhachis problematicus Taxon name last Modified on 06/12/15	556	222	221	0	0	0	0	3
[35] Xenopeltis unicolor Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	261	517	516	0	0	0	0	3
[36] Loxocemus bicolor Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	232	546	545	0	0	0	0	3
[37] Casarea dussumieri Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	266	511	511	0	0	0	0	3
[38] Xenophidion acanthognathus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	289	488	488	0	0	0	0	3
[39] Exiliboa placata Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	295	484	482	0	0	0	0	3
[40] Ungaliophis continentalis Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	293	488	484	0	0	0	0	3
[41] Lichanura trivirgata Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	277	502	500	0	0	0	0	3
[42] Calabaria reinhardtii Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	265	512	512	0	0	0	0	3
[43] Eryx colubrinus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	258	521	519	0	0	0	0	3
[44] Epicrates striatus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	255	526	522	0	0	0	0	3
[45] Boa constrictor Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	249	535	528	0	0	0	0	3
[46] Aspidites melanocephalus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	268	513	509	0	0	0	0	3
[47] Python molurus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	246	536	531	0	0	0	0	3
[48] Trachyboa boulengeri Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	275	503	502	0	0	0	0	3
[49] Tropidophis haetianus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	247	534	530	0	0	0	0	3
[50] † Kataria anisodonta Taxon name last Modified on 06/12/15	592	185	185	0	0	0	0	3
[51] Xenodermus javanicus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	271	508	506	0	0	0	0	3
[52] Acrochordus granulatus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	294	484	483	0	0	0	0	3
[53] Pareas hamptoni Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	303	475	474	0	0	0	0	3
[54] Lycophidion capense Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	302	475	475	0	0	0	0	3
[55] Aparallactus werneri Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	290	489	487	0	0	0	0	3
[56] Atractaspis irregularis Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	359	420	418	0	0	0	0	3
[57] Azemiops feae Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	315	464	462	0	0	0	0	3
[58] Causus rhombeatus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	329	451	448	0	0	0	0	3
[59] Daboia russelli Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	316	464	461	0	0	0	0	3
[60] Bothrops asper Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	313	467	464	0	0	0	0	3
[61] Agkistrodon contortrix Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	303	478	474	0	0	0	0	3
[62] Lachesis muta Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	314	467	463	0	0	0	0	3
[63] Micrurus fulvius Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	299	481	478	0	0	0	0	3
[64] Naja naja Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	285	495	492	0	0	0	0	3
[65] Laticauda colubrina Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	311	468	466	0	0	0	0	3
[66] Notechis scutatus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	298	480	479	0	0	0	0	3
[67] Natrix natrix Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	282	497	495	0	0	0	0	3
[68] Thamnophis marcianus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	277	502	500	0	0	0	0	3
[69] Amphiesma stolata Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	280	498	497	0	0	0	0	3
[70] Afronatrix anoscopus Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	299	479	478	0	0	0	0	3
[71] Xenochrophis piscator Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	283	495	494	0	0	0	0	3
[72] Lampropeltis getula Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	276	505	501	0	0	0	0	3
[73] Coluber constrictor Taxon name last Modified on 06/04/15	269	512	508	0	0	0	0	3

Project downloads

type	number of downloads	Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
Total downloads from project	458
Matrix downloads	22	The origin of snakes: revealing the ecology, behavior, and evolutionary history of early snakes using genomics, phenomics, and the fossil record (22 downloads);
Project downloads	436