Project 2403: C. W. Nelson, N. A. Jud. 2017. Biogeographic Implications of Mammea paramericana sp. nov. from the Lower Miocene of Panama and the Evolution of Calophyllaceae. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 178 (3):241-257.
Abstract
Premise of research. Mammea (Calophyllaceae) is a pantropical genus of 70 tree species, most of which are native to Madagascar. We describe a new species of Mammea on the basis of a fossil stem from the lower Miocene of Panama, discuss its implications for the biogeography of the genus, and assemble a set of morphological characters to examine the phylogeny of Calophyllaceae and confirm our identification.Methodology. We prepared the fossil stem using the cellulose acetate peel technique and compared its anatomy with that of extant plants, including a specimen of Mammea americana obtained from Puerto Rico, and with that of other fossils. For our phylogenetic analysis, we modified a previously published morphological matrix of reproductive and vegetative characters and added 14 wood characters, for a total of 66 characters.Pivotal results. Distinctive anatomical features of Mammea paramericana sp. nov. include predominantly solitary vessels, vasicentric tracheids, fibers with distinctly bordered pits in both radial and tangential walls, diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma, narrow rays with upright marginal cells, and radial canals. The fossil stem has shorter pith cells, wider vessels, and fewer rows of upright marginal ray cells, and it lacks scalariform perforation plates compared with the sample of extant M. americana from Puerto Rico. The close relationship between the fossil and modern Mammea is supported by all of the most parsimonious trees from the phylogenetic analysis, as is the monophyly of Calophyllaceae.Conclusions. This fossil is the earliest evidence of Mammea in the Neotropics and is roughly coeval with previously recognized fossils of the genus from Africa. The fossil demonstrates that the diversification of Mammea in the Americas was underway by 19 Ma. Mammea likely reached the Neotropics from Africa via long-distance dispersal. While the morphological phylogenetic analysis recovers some of the relationships found in molecular topologies, it remains unresolved with respect to the immediate relatives of Mammea.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1086/689618
Project DOI: 10.7934/P2403, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2403
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 1492 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 66 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 152 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:66/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 2403
MorphoBank Project 2403
- Creation Date:
01 April 2016 - Publication Date:
06 September 2016 - Project views: 21057
- Matrix downloads: 4
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- Missouri Botanical Garden
- University of Missouri
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||||||
Nathan Jud Project Administrator | 37 | 1 | 1 | 66 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1492 (1480, 0, 12) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Chris Nelson Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M24085' (23 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Calophyllum Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 1 | 72 | 64 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] Caraipa Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 5 | 70 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] Clusiella Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 16 | 53 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] Haploclathra Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 4 | 68 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] Kayea Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 1 | 70 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] Kielmeyera Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 1 | 78 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] Mahurea Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 2 | 67 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] Marila grandiflora group Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 4 | 66 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] Marila tomentosa group Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 5 | 67 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] Mesua ferrea group Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 2 | 63 | 62 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] Mammea americana group Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 0 | 70 | 66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] Mammea bongo group Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 2 | 67 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] Neotatea Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 2 | 65 | 62 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] Poeciloneuron indicum Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 3 | 65 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] Endodesmia calophylloides Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 4 | 60 | 59 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] Lebrunia bushaie Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 3 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] Cratoxylum sects. cratoxylum and tridesmos Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 1 | 71 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] Eliaea articulata Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 1 | 68 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] Harungana madagascariensis Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 1 | 68 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] Psorospermum cerasifolium group Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 2 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] Vismia cayennensis group Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 2 | 69 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] Hypericum sect. myriandra Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 11 | 63 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † Mammea paramericana Last Modified in 06/27/16 | 49 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 21057 | |
Project overview | 2729 | |
Media views | 4607 | Media search (3960 views); M424021 (647 views); |
Matrix views | 1864 | Matrix landing page (1676 views); Calophyllaceae with fossil Mammea (188 views); |
Specimen list | 2276 | |
Taxon list | 8647 | |
Bibliography | 927 | |
Documents list | 7 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 252 | |
Project downloads | 248 | |
Matrix downloads | 4 | Calophyllaceae with fossil Mammea (4 downloads); |