Project 2412: G. W. Rothwell, K. C. Nixon. 2006. How Does the Inclusion of Fossil Data Change Our Conclusions about the Phylogenetic History of Euphyllophytes?. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 167:737-749.
Abstract
Recent phylogenetic analyses have yielded conflicting results regarding relationships among ferns and other major groups of vascular plants and have prompted some authors to propose novel patterns of tracheophyte phylogeny based on analyses that include only living taxa. The results of one such study resolve seed plants as the sister group to all nonlycophyte pteridophytes and place equisetophytes and psilotophytes within a clade that also includes all of the living ferns. That hypothesis of phylogeny differs markedly from the results of a recent analysis that utilizes morphological data from both living and extinct taxa, which resolves ferns as a polyphyletic assemblage. To evaluate these competing hypotheses and to increase our understanding of the differing results, several tests were performed. Tests identify a high level of character conflict among the various gene sequence data matrices used in the analysis of living taxa. Contrary to the expectations of some, inclusion of extinct taxa in analyses of morphological characters produces striking changes in the topology of the resulting vascular plant tree when compared with the analysis of living taxa only. Together, these tests reveal that relationships among major groups of vascular plants are far less completely understood than claimed by some and that ferns s.l. are probably a polyphyletic assemblage. They also suggest that the impressive successes of gene sequence data in resolving relationships within smaller clades may not be easily duplicated when addressing deep internal nodes of the polysporangiophyte tree. Additional refinement of morphological characters for a combination of living and wellreconstructed extinct taxa, improved character/taxon ratios, fuller sampling of extinct clades, and tests that utilize rare genetic markers and developmental pathways may hold the greatest promise for ultimately resolving the overall pattern of vascular plant phylogeny.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1086/503298
Project DOI: 10.7934/P2412, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2412
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 830 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 17 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 39 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:17/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 2412
MorphoBank Project 2412
- Creation Date:
12 April 2016 - Publication Date:
21 November 2023 - Project views: 1475
- Matrix downloads: 1
Authors' Institutions
- Cornell University
- Ohio University
- Oregon State University
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Gar Rothwell Project Administrator | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
MorphoBank Curator Full membership | 56 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 830 (830, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29552' (56 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Marchantia Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] Haplomitrium Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] Anthoceros Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] Polytrichum Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] Sphagnum Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] Hymenophyllum Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] Osmunda Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] Psilotum Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] Tmesipteris Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] Danaea Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] Equisetum 1 Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] Equisetum 2 Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] Angiopteris Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] Huperzia Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] Selaginella Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] Isoetes Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 3 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] Marattia Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] Ophioglossum Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] Botrychium Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 18 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] Dicksonia Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] Plagiogyria Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] Pteridium Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] Blechnum Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] Phanerosorus Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] Lygodium Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] Gleichenia Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] Marsilea Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] Salvinia Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] Azolla Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 4 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] Cyathea Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] Cycas Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] Gnetum Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] Ginkgo Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 3 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] Pinus Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] Austrobaileya Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] Chloranthus Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] † Aglaophyton major Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] † Psilophyton crenulatum Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] † Rhacophyton ceratangium Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 4 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] † Biscalitheca musata Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] † Corynepteris involucrata Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] † Stauropteris burntislandica Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] † Stauropteris oldhamia Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] † Gillespiea randolphensis Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] † Psaronius Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] † Ankyropteris brongniartii Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] † Sermaya Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] † Botryopteris tridentata Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] † Psalixochlaena cylindrica Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[50] † Anachoropteris clavata Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[51] † Hydropteris pinnata Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[52] † Calamites Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 0 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[53] † Archaeocalamites Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 3 | 15 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[54] † Archaeopteris Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[55] † Elkinsia polymorpha Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 3 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[56] † Lyginopteris oldhamia Last Modified in 11/21/23 | 1 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 1475 | |
Matrix views | 66 | Matrix landing page (61 views); Matrix from Rothwell and Nixon (2006) - compiled by curators from original pdf files in the paper (5 views); |
Project overview | 95 | |
Media views | 274 | Media search (232 views); M897137 (42 views); |
Documents list | 58 | |
Bibliography | 51 | |
Views for media list | 79 | |
Specimen list | 149 | |
Taxon list | 703 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 1 | |
Matrix downloads | 1 | Matrix from Rothwell and Nixon (2006) - compiled by curators from original pdf files in the paper (1 download); |