Project 2449: C. B. Dillman, B. L. Sidlauskas, R. P. Vari. 2016. A morphological supermatrix‐based phylogeny for the Neotropical fish superfamily Anostomoidea (Ostariophysi: Characiformes): phylogeny, missing data and homoplasy. Cladistics. 32 (3):276-296.
Specimen: Abramites hypselonotus (unvouchered)
View: body

Abstract

Although 11 studies have addressed the systematics of the four families and 281 fish species of the ecomorphologically diverse Anostomoidea, none has proposed a global hypothesis of relationships. We synthesized these studies to yield a supermatrix with 463 morphological characters among 174 ingroup species, and inferred phylogeny with parsimony and Bayesian optimization. We evaluated the applicability of the supermatrix approach to morphological datasets, tested its sensitivity to missing data, determined the impact of homoplastic characters on phylogenetic resolution, and determined the distribution of homologies and homoplasies on the topology. Despite more than 60% missing data, analyses supported the monophyly of all families, and phylogenetic structure degraded only with inclusion of species with high percentages of missing data and in analyses limited to homoplasies. The latter differs modestly from the full matrix indicating phylogenetic signal in homoplastic characters. Character distributions differ across the phylogeny, with a greater prevalence of homologies at deeper nodes and homoplasies nearer the tips than expected by chance. This may suggest early diversification into distinct bauplans with subsequent diversification of faster evolving character systems. The morphological supermatrix approach is powerful and allows integration of classical data with modern methods to examine the evolution of multiple character systems.


Read the article »

Article DOI: 10.1111/cla.12127

Project DOI: 10.7934/P2449, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2449
This project containsMatrices
  • 64 Media
  • 1 Matrix
  • 3 Documents
  • 176 Taxa
  • 65 Specimens
  • 463 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 10.98M

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 32164
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 463
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 1043
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:463/0
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 2449

    This research
    supported by

    Authors' Institutions

    • National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

    • Oregon State University

    • Smithsonian Institution

    • National Evolutionary Synthesis Center



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media chars character
    media
    labels
    cell scorings
    (scored, NPA, "-")
    cell
    medialabels
    rules
    MorphoBank Curator
    Project Administrator
    17665644630032164
    (32164, 0, 0)
    000
    Casey Dillman
    Full membership
    0000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    000


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M24091' (176 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] Hemiodus ocellatus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    19426926900002
    [2] Parodon suborbitalis
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    10535835800002
    [3] Caenotropus labyrinthicus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    27618818700002
    [4] Caenotropus maculosus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    10236436100002
    [5] Caenotropus mestomorgmatos
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    17429128900002
    [6] Caenotropus schizodon
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    445191800002
    [7] Chilodus fritillus
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    421424200002
    [8] Chilodus gracilis
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    30316016000002
    [9] Chilodus punctatus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    10336236000002
    [10] Chilodus zunevei
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    413505000002
    [11] Abramites hypselonotus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    12633733700002
    [12] Anostomoides laticeps
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    30915515400002
    [13] Anostomus anostomus
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31015315300002
    [14] Anostomus ternetzi
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31115215200002
    [15] Gnathodolus bidens
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    18428027900002
    [16] Hypomasticus despaxi
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31714614600002
    [17] Hypomasticus megalepis
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    17029329300002
    [18] Hypomasticus mormyrops
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    30815615500002
    [19] Hypomasticus pachycheilus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    30815515500002
    [20] Laemolyta garmani
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    30915415400002
    [21] Laemolyta orinocensis
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    30915515400002
    [22] Laemolyta proxima
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    30915415400002
    [23] Laemolyta taeniata
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    30915415400002
    [24] Leporellus pictus
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    21225225100002
    [25] Leporellus vittatus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    22723623600002
    [26] Leporinus agassizi
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    30915415400002
    [27] Leporinus aripuanensis
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31115215200002
    [28] Leporinus cf ecuadorensis
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    30915515400002
    [29] Leporinus cf fasciatus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    30915415400002
    [30] Leporinus cf moralesi
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    30815615500002
    [31] Leporinus cf niceforoi
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    30915415400002
    [32] Leporinus fasciatus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    25021321300002
    [33] Leporinus friderici
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31015315300002
    [34] Leporinus gomesi
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    30915515400002
    [35] Leporinus jatuncochi
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31015315300002
    [36] Leporinus ortomaculatus
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31015315300002
    [37] Leporinus pellegrini
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31015315300002
    [38] Leporinus striatus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    25021521300002
    [39] Leporinus tigrinus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31015315300002
    [40] Petulanos intermedius
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31115215200002
    [41] Petulanos plicatus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    17528828800002
    [42] Pseudanos gracilis
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31015415300002
    [43] Pseudanos irinae
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    33512912800002
    [44] Pseudanos trimaculatus
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31115215200002
    [45] Pseudanos winterbottomi
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31115215200002
    [46] Rhytiodus argenteofuscus
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    30815615500002
    [47] Rhytiodus lauzannei
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    30815615500002
    [48] Rhytiodus microlepis
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    17329029000002
    [49] Sartor elongatus
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31315015000002
    [50] Schizodon fasciatus
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    9436936900002
    [51] Schizodon isognathus
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    30915515400002
    [52] Schizodon knerii
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    30915415400002
    [53] Schizodon nasutus
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    30815515500002
    [54] Schizodon scotorhabdotus
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    30815515500002
    [55] Schizodon vittatus
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    30815515500002
    [56] Synaptolaemus cingulatus
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    17528828800002
    [57] Curimata acutirostris
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    29117217200002
    [58] Curimata aspera
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    19227127100002
    [59] Curimata cerasina
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    28717617600002
    [60] Curimata cisandina
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    26719619600002
    [61] Curimata cyprinoides
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    12034334300002
    [62] Curimata incompta
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    26519819800002
    [63] Curimata inornata
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    9936736400002
    [64] Curimata knerii
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    28817517500002
    [65] Curimata macrops
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    28817517500002
    [66] Curimata mivartii
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    28817517500002
    [67] Curimata ocellata
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    26519819800002
    [68] Curimata roseni
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    29017317300002
    [69] Curimata vittata
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    14332032000002
    [70] Curimatella alburna
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    29716616600002
    [71] Curimatella dorsalis
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    22523823800002
    [72] Curimatella immaculata
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    22523823800002
    [73] Curimatella lepidura
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    32014314300002
    [74] Curimatella meyeri
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    20326026000002
    [75] Curimatopsis crypticus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    33412912900002
    [76] Curimatopsis evelynae
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    26919419400002
    [77] Curimatopsis macrolepis
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    19027327300002
    [78] Curimatopsis microlepis
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    12733733600002
    [79] Curimatopsis myersi
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    33512812800002
    [80] Cyphocharax abramoides
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    20026326300002
    [81] Cyphocharax aspilos
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [82] Cyphocharax festivus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [83] Cyphocharax gangamon
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31714614600002
    [84] Cyphocharax gilbert
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [85] Cyphocharax gillii
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    22523823800002
    [86] Cyphocharax gouldingi
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [87] Cyphocharax helleri
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    29516816800002
    [88] Cyphocharax laticlavius
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31714614600002
    [89] Cyphocharax leucostictus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [90] Cyphocharax magdalenae
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    29516816800002
    [91] Cyphocharax meniscaprorus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [92] Cyphocharax mestomyllon
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [93] Cyphocharax microcephalus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    29516816800002
    [94] Cyphocharax modestus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [95] Cyphocharax multilineatus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [96] Cyphocharax nagelii
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31814514500002
    [97] Cyphocharax nigripinnis
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [98] Cyphocharax notatus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [99] Cyphocharax oenas
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [100] Cyphocharax pantostictos
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    22224124100002
    [101] Cyphocharax platanus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [102] Cyphocharax plumbeus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [103] Cyphocharax punctatus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [104] Cyphocharax saladensis
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [105] Cyphocharax santacatarinae
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [106] Cyphocharax signatus
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31814514500002
    [107] Cyphocharax spilotus
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31814514500002
    [108] Cyphocharax spiluropsis
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [109] Cyphocharax spilurus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [110] Cyphocharax stilbolepis
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [111] Cyphocharax vanderi
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [112] Cyphocharax vexillapinnus
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31714614600002
    [113] Cyphocharax voga
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [114] Potamorhina altamazonica
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    30116216200002
    [115] Potamorhina laticeps
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    7938638400002
    [116] Potamorhina latior
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    25920420400002
    [117] Potamorhina pristigaster
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    32413913900002
    [118] Potamorhina squamoralevis
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    22923423400002
    [119] Psectrogaster amazonica
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    15231131100002
    [120] Psectrogaster ciliata
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    29716616600002
    [121] Psectrogaster curviventris
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    20126226200002
    [122] Psectrogaster essequibensis
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    32014314300002
    [123] Psectrogaster falcata
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    22423923900002
    [124] Psectrogaster rhomboides
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    32014314300002
    [125] Psectrogaster rutiloides
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    32014314300002
    [126] Psectrogaster saguiru
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    32014314300002
    [127] Pseudocurimata boehlkei
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    32114214200002
    [128] Pseudocurimata boulengeri
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    29716616600002
    [129] Pseudocurimata lineopunctata
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    29716616600002
    [130] Pseudocurimata patiae
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    20126226200002
    [131] Pseudocurimata peruana
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    20126226200002
    [132] Pseudocurimata troschelii
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    29716616600002
    [133] Steindachnerina amazonica
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31714614600002
    [134] Steindachnerina argentea
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    19826526500002
    [135] Steindachnerina atratoensis
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31714614600002
    [136] Steindachnerina bimaculata
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    29416916900002
    [137] Steindachnerina binotata
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31714614600002
    [138] Steindachnerina biornata
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31714614600002
    [139] Steindachnerina brevipinna
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31714714600002
    [140] Steindachnerina conspersa
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    19826526500002
    [141] Steindachnerina dobula
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31714614600002
    [142] Steindachnerina elegans
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    22124224200002
    [143] Steindachnerina fasciata
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31714614600002
    [144] Steindachnerina gracilis
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31714614600002
    [145] Steindachnerina guentheri
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31714614600002
    [146] Steindachnerina hypostoma
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    29416916900002
    [147] Steindachnerina insculpta
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31714614600002
    [148] Steindachnerina leucisca
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31714614600002
    [149] Steindachnerina notonota
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31714614600002
    [150] Steindachnerina planiventris
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31714614600002
    [151] Steindachnerina pupula
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31714614600002
    [152] Steindachnerina quasimodoi
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31714614600002
    [153] Steindachnerina runa
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31714614600002
    [154] Steindachnerina notograptos
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31714614600002
    [155] Steindachnerina seriata
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31714614600002
    [156] Prochilodus argenteus
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31614714700002
    [157] Prochilodus brevis
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31614714700002
    [158] Prochilodus britskii
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31614714700002
    [159] Prochilodus costatus
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31614714700002
    [160] Prochilodus hartii
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31614714700002
    [161] Prochilodus lacustris
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31614714700002
    [162] Prochilodus lineatus
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31614714700002
    [163] Prochilodus magdalenae
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31614714700002
    [164] Prochilodus mariae
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31614714700002
    [165] Prochilodus nigricans
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    17828528500002
    [166] Prochilodus reticulatus
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31614714700002
    [167] Prochilodus rubrotaeniatus
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    9037437300002
    [168] Prochilodus vimboides
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31614714700002
    [169] Semaprochilodus brama
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    31614714700002
    [170] Semaprochilodus insignis
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    20126226200002
    [171] Semaprochilodus kneri
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31614714700002
    [172] Semaprochildous laticeps
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    22423923900002
    [173] Semaprochilodus taeniurus
    Last Modified in 06/30/16
    25720620600002
    [174] Semaprochilodus varii
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31614714700002
    [175] Ichthyoelephas humeralis
    Last Modified in 04/14/22
    31814514500002
    [176] Ichthyoelephas longirostris
    Last Modified in 06/28/16
    31814514500002


    Project views

    type number of views Individual items viewed (where applicable)
    Total project views22336
    Project overview689
    Specimen list8939
    Matrix views404Matrix landing page (328 views); Character supermatrix (76 views);
    Taxon list1921
    Media views9412Media search (977 views); M424452 (8 views); M844015 (141 views); M844016 (149 views); M844017 (144 views); M844018 (142 views); M844019 (143 views); M844020 (140 views); M844021 (140 views); M844022 (139 views); M844023 (140 views); M844024 (135 views); M844025 (136 views); M844026 (144 views); M844027 (142 views); M844028 (149 views); M844029 (138 views); M844030 (143 views); M844031 (141 views); M844032 (145 views); M844033 (139 views); M844034 (140 views); M844035 (138 views); M844036 (144 views); M844037 (131 views); M844038 (140 views); M844039 (132 views); M844040 (145 views); M844041 (137 views); M844042 (131 views); M844043 (137 views); M844044 (138 views); M844045 (139 views); M844046 (138 views); M844047 (138 views); M844048 (140 views); M844049 (145 views); M844050 (139 views); M844051 (135 views); M844052 (141 views); M844053 (141 views); M844054 (142 views); M844055 (129 views); M844056 (137 views); M844057 (133 views); M844058 (136 views); M844059 (131 views); M844060 (136 views); M844061 (128 views); M844062 (130 views); M844063 (135 views); M844064 (110 views); M844065 (106 views); M844066 (110 views); M844067 (110 views); M844068 (107 views); M844069 (102 views); M844070 (108 views); M844071 (107 views); M844072 (114 views); M844073 (107 views); M844074 (114 views); M844075 (113 views); M844076 (110 views); M844077 (102 views); M844078 (111 views);
    Documents list307
    Bibliography242
    Views for media list422




    Project downloads

    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project25
    Document downloads6Character descriptions (1 download); Paup script (1 download); Supermatrix construction (4 downloads);
    Media downloads2M424452 (1 download); M844054 (1 download);
    Project downloads9
    Matrix downloads8Character supermatrix (8 downloads);