Project 2621: Lars Ramskold, Lars Werdelin. 1991. The Phylogeny and Evolution of Some Phacopid Trilobites. Cladistics. 7 (1):29-74.
Abstract
A data matrix of 32 characters, with a total of 132 character states and 48 terminal taxa of phacopid trilobites, was analyzed using parsimony. The 108 most parsimonious trees have a length of 301 steps and consistency index of 0.29. Two major clades were found, one including species referred to Acernaspis and one with species referred to Ananaspis, Paciphacops, Viaphacops, and Phacops. Most homoplasy occurs between the major clades of the trees, rather than within them. The major clades were also analyzed separately, resulting in trees with significantly higher consistency indices. We redefine the following supraspecific taxa to make them monophyletic: Acernaspis, Ananaspis, and Paciphacops. In addition, Kainops, a new genus, is described for a clade consisting of six taxa previously assigned to Ananaspis and Paciphacops. The evolutionary pattern resulting from our cladogram is compared with the approaches of Campbell and Eldredge, and it is argued that some of the assumptions made by these authors regarding the phylogeny of the group are not valid. The biogeography of the group was also analysed. It is found that phacopids from the Ludlow and older strata are distributed globally, with an emphasis, perhaps due to a a large number of suitable localities, on Northern Europe. However, the lineage of phacopines leading up to Phacops is, with some slight exceptions, basically confined to the United States, being entirely absent in Nothern Europe. The main phacopine lineage does not re-establish itself geographically until the middle Devonian. Finally, we analysed the evidence for polymorphism in phacopid trilobites, and reject his hypothesis on the basis of stratigraphy and the present cladogram.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1991.tb00021.x
Project DOI: 10.7934/P2621, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2621
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 1275 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 32 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 121 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:32/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 2621
MorphoBank Project 2621
- Creation Date:
20 February 2017 - Publication Date:
30 August 2018 - Project views: 12262
- Matrix downloads: 6
Authors' Institutions
- Swedish Museum of Natural History (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet) Stockholm
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Mary Pankowski Project Administrator | 48 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 1275 (1275, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Thomas Hegna Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M24518' (48 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Hypothetical Ancestor Last Modified in 04/02/17 | 2 | 30 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Podowrinella Last Modified in 04/02/17 | 5 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Acernaspis quadrilineata Last Modified in 04/02/17 | 1 | 31 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Acernaspis woodburnensis Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 9 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Acernaspis sufferta Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 5 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] † Acernaspis sororia Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 2 | 30 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Acernaspis konoverensis Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 7 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Acernaspis boltoni Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 3 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Acernaspis rectifrons Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 5 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Acernaspis incerta Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 9 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Acernaspis pulcher Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 11 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Acernaspis becsciensis Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 12 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] † Acernaspis superciliexcelsis Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 3 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] † Acernaspis mimica Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 7 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] † Acernaspis orestes Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 3 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] † Acernaspis elliptifrons Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 10 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] † Acernaspis xynon Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 8 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Acernaspis rubicundula Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 1 | 31 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] † Acernaspis skidmorei Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] † Acernaspis dispersa Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 6 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] † Acernaspis salmoensis Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 11 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] † Acernaspis cf. stokesii Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 5 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † Ananaspis sp. nov. Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 5 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Ananaspis macdonaldi Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 3 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] † Ananaspis nuda Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 5 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] † Ananaspis amelangorum Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 1 | 31 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] † Ananaspis fecunda Last Modified in 08/06/18 | 5 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] † Ananaspis aspera Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 7 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] † Ananaspis decora Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 4 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] † Kainops guttulus Last Modified in 04/12/17 | 2 | 30 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] † Kainops ekphymus Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 7 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] † Kainops microps Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 3 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] † Kainops veles Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 3 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] † Kainops invius Last Modified in 08/06/18 | 4 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] † Kainops raymondi Last Modified in 08/06/18 | 2 | 30 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] † Paciphacops serratus Last Modified in 04/14/17 | 9 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] † Paciphacops crossei Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 9 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] † Paciphacops latigenalis Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 7 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] † Paciphacops eldredgei Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 5 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] † Paciphacops sp. nov Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 2 | 30 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] † Paciphacops hudsonicus Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 2 | 30 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] † Paciphacops logani Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 6 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] † Paciphacops campbelli Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 1 | 31 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] † Paciphacops birdsongensis Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 7 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] † Paciphacops claviger Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 4 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] † Viaphacops Last Modified in 08/06/18 | 9 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] † Phacops rana Last Modified in 08/06/18 | 4 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] † Phacops iowensis Last Modified in 04/30/17 | 5 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 12262 | |
Project overview | 1538 | |
Media views | 2974 | Media search (2530 views); M585172 (444 views); |
Taxon list | 3480 | |
Specimen list | 1552 | |
Views for media list | 910 | |
Bibliography | 669 | |
Matrix views | 1134 | Matrix landing page (991 views); Phacopid Trilobites (143 views); |
Documents list | 5 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 190 | |
Project downloads | 184 | |
Matrix downloads | 6 | Phacopid Trilobites (6 downloads); |