Project 2627: E. Vlachos, M. Rabi. 2018. Total evidence analysis and body size evolution of extant and extinct tortoises (Testudines: Cryptodira: Pan-Testudinidae). Cladistics. 34 (6):652-683.
Abstract
Testudinidae (tortoises) is an extant clade of terrestrial turtles of worldwide distribution and with a rich fossil record that provides an exceptional context for studying their evolutionary history. Because of the lack of global phylogenetic analyses integrating extinct taxa, our current knowledge of the relationships of the total clade of Testudinidae is rather poor. To resolve this issue, we performed the first total evidence analysis of Pan-Testudinidae. The total evidence trees are congruent with the molecular topology and agree on the dichotomy of derived Testudinidae (=Testudininae; Converted Clade Name) into two previously recognized major clades, Testudona and Geochelona (New Clade Name). The integration of extinct taxa into the analysis allowed the stratigraphic fit of the total evidence trees, indicating that crown Testudininae, Testudona and Geochelona all originated by the Late Eocene, in agreement with recent molecular estimates. Ghost lineage analysis indicates high diversification in the Late Eocene and in the Miocene. The age of crown Testudo is Late Miocene, again in accordance with some molecular dates. Phylogenetic placement of fossils demonstrates that giant body size independently evolved in multiple continental mainland taxa and confirms recent results deduced from living taxaRead the article »
Article DOI: 10.1111/cla.12227
Project DOI: 10.7934/P2627, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2627
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 7855 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 169 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 395 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:144/25 |
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MorphoBank Project 2627
MorphoBank Project 2627
- Creation Date:
23 February 2017 - Publication Date:
17 November 2017 - Project views: 18628
- Matrix downloads: 12
Authors' Institutions
- Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio
- Martin-Luther-Universitaet Halle-Wittenberg
- Universitaet Tuebingen (Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | media notes | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||||||
Evangelos Vlachos Project Administrator | 72 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 169 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7855 (7576, 0, 279) | 0 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M24521' (72 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Pleurodira Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 23 | 147 | 125 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] Chelydra serpentina Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 5 | 150 | 148 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] Kinosternon odoratus Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 3 | 154 | 154 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] Caretta caretta Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 72 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] Apalone spinifera Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 27 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] Platysternon megacephalum Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 15 | 147 | 147 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] Batagur baska Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 4 | 163 | 161 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] Mauremys caspica Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 7 | 160 | 156 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] Siebenrockiella crassicollis Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 16 | 149 | 147 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] Mauremys sinensis Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 40 | 127 | 125 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] Chrysemys picta Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 1 | 164 | 161 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] Emys orbicularis Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 31 | 133 | 130 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] Trachemys scripta Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 8 | 159 | 157 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] Gopherus agassizii Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 8 | 163 | 158 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] Chelonoidis carbonaria Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 0 | 186 | 154 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] Chelonoidis chilensis Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 4 | 182 | 162 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] Chelonoidis denticulata Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 0 | 194 | 165 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] Geochelone elegans Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 53 | 116 | 113 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] Indotestudo elongata Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 26 | 144 | 141 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] Manouria emys Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 70 | 100 | 97 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] Kinixys erosa Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 12 | 147 | 139 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] Indotestudo forstenii Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 3 | 164 | 162 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] Testudo graeca Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 2 | 178 | 162 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] Chersine hermanni Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 6 | 167 | 160 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] Kinixys homeana Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 29 | 133 | 132 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] Agrionemys horsfieldii Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 58 | 115 | 109 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] Manouria impressa Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 29 | 137 | 137 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] Testudo kleinmanni Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 31 | 138 | 132 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] Testudo marginata Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 79 | 96 | 88 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] Chelonoidis nigra Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 2 | 172 | 164 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] Psammobates oculifera Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 73 | 96 | 95 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] Stigmochelys pardalis Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 13 | 156 | 153 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] Gopherus polyphemus Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 6 | 164 | 160 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] Astrochelys radiata Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 9 | 159 | 158 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] Centrochelys sulcata Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 2 | 170 | 164 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] Malacochersus tornieri Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 2 | 151 | 149 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Gigantochersina ammon Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 113 | 62 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Testudo antiqua Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 106 | 65 | 61 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Megalochelys atlas Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 133 | 40 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] † Titanochelon bacharidisi Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 70 | 101 | 96 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † Hesperotestudo bermudae Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 99 | 73 | 70 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Titanochelon bolivari Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 35 | 136 | 131 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Ergilemys bruneti Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 111 | 59 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] † Paleotestudo canetotiana Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 112 | 57 | 56 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] † Achilemys cassouleti Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 103 | 66 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] † Hadrianus castrensis Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 113 | 55 | 53 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] † Hadrianus corsoni Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 104 | 65 | 62 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] † Geochelone costaricensis Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 112 | 57 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] † Hesperotestudo crassiscutata Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 107 | 62 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] † Testudo eocaenica Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 114 | 62 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] † Taraschelon gigas Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 125 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] † Chelonoidis gringorum Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 130 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] † Chelonoidis hesterna Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 108 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] † Ergilemys insolitus Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 123 | 51 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] † Testudo kaiseni Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 127 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[56] † Oligopherus laticuneus Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 91 | 77 | 77 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[57] † Testudo lunellensis Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 111 | 57 | 57 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[58] † Testudo marmorum Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 111 | 57 | 57 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[59] † Cheirogaster maurini Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 116 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[60] † Namibchersus namaquensis Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 108 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[61] † Stylemys nebrascensis Last Modified in 11/17/17 | 55 | 115 | 113 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[62] † Mesochersus orangeus Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 135 | 36 | 33 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[63] † Hesperotestudo osborniana Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 60 | 111 | 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[64] † Testudo oughlamensis Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 119 | 52 | 49 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[65] † Impregnochelys pachytestis Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 130 | 39 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[66] † Titanochelon perpiniana Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 87 | 79 | 77 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[67] † Testudo promarginata Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 111 | 58 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[68] † Testudo sharanensis Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 115 | 53 | 52 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[69] † Testudo shensiensis Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 102 | 67 | 66 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[70] † Anhuichelys siaoshihensis Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 105 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[71] † Pelorochelon soriana Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 106 | 65 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[72] † Titanochelon vitodurana Last Modified in 02/23/17 | 81 | 87 | 86 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 18628 | |
Project overview | 1825 | |
Taxon list | 7925 | |
Documents list | 977 | |
Media views | 3317 | Media search (2815 views); M464981 (502 views); |
Matrix views | 1045 | Matrix landing page (886 views); Vlachos and Rabi, Cladistics; Nexus file of morphological taxon-character matrix (158 views); matrix (1 view); |
Specimen list | 1761 | |
Views for media list | 1036 | |
Bibliography | 742 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 214 | |
Document downloads | 20 | Suppl. File S8 (2 downloads); Suppl. File S5 (5 downloads); Suppl. File S6 (3 downloads); Body Size matrix (4 downloads); Suppl. File S4 (1 download); Suppl. File S7 (1 download); Trees of morphological analysis, with constrains (1 download); Total evidence MP trees (1 download); Total evidence matrix (2 downloads); |
Project downloads | 182 | |
Matrix downloads | 12 | Vlachos and Rabi, Cladistics; Nexus file of morphological taxon-character matrix (12 downloads); |