Project 2798: S. P. Zack, K. D. Rose, L. T. Holbrook, K. Kumar, R. S. Rana, T. Smith, H. O'Regan. 2021. An enigmatic new ungulate‐like mammal from the early Eocene of India. Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (1):497-520.
Specimen: † Pahelia mysteriosa (GU/RSR/TAD:9201)
View: buccal view of left side of mandible

Abstract

We report a new genus and species of herbivorous mammal, Pahelia mysteriosa, from the early Eocene Cambay Shale Formation, Tadkeshwar Lignite Mine, Gujarat, India. The new taxon, approximately the size of a small phenacodontid (e.g. Ectocion parvus), is represented by three mandibular fragments, the most complete of which documents nearly the entire symphysis and mandibular body plus p3–m3. Pahelia has incipiently selenolophodont molars with strong exodaenodonty, absent paraconids, weak but distinct entolophids, and prominent ectostylids. Molar size increases distally, but m3 does not develop a prominent third lobe. Premolars are simple, with prominent protoconids and short talonids but little development of other trigonid cusps. The mandibular symphysis is strongly fused, and there is an enlarged alveolus for an anterior tooth. The combination of features present in the new taxon does not closely match that of any known mammal, but there are some similarities to a diversity of ungulates from Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. Preserved morphology is insufficient to assess the affinities of the new taxon with confidence, but a link to Quettacyonidae, also endemic to the Indian subcontinent, is morphologically and biogeographically plausible. If this scenario is correct, it suggests that P. mysteriosa could be a part of the endemic mammalian fauna of India prior to its initial faunal contact with Asia.


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Article DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1288

Project DOI: 10.7934/P2798, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2798
This project containsMatrices
  • 1 Media
  • 4 Matrices
  • 198 Taxa
  • 1 Specimen
  • 765 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 955.36k

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 33997
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 767
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 1921
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:646/121
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MorphoBank Project 2798

    This research
    supported by

    Authors' Institutions

    • Brown University

    • University of Arizona

    • Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences

    • Johns Hopkins University

    • Rowan University

    • Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology

    • H.N.B. Garhwal University



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media media
    notes
    chars character
    comms
       
    notes  media
    labels
    cell scorings
    (scored, NPA, "-")
    cell
    comms
        
    notes  medialabels
    rules
    Shawn Zack
    Project Administrator
    198110767000033997
    (33996, 0, 1)
    00000
    Luke Holbrook
    Full membership
    0000000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    00000
    Kenneth Rose
    Full membership
    0000000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    00000
    Thierry Smith
    Full membership
    0000000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    00000


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25326' (76 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
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    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] † Prokennalestes spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    15797700004
    [2] † Aspanlestes aptap
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    12818000004
    [3] † Protungulatum donnae
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    22727000004
    [4] † Paratricuspiodon krumbiegeli
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    25676700004
    [5] † Tricuspiodon spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    13827900004
    [6] † Maiorana noctiluca
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    14787800004
    [7] † Mimatuta spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    18777400004
    [8] † Mithrandir gillianus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    22717000004
    [9] † Conacodon spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    19737300004
    [10] † Ectoconus ditrigonus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    5878700004
    [11] † Hemithlaeus kowalevskianus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    24686800004
    [12] † Periptychus spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    8868400004
    [13] † Haploconus angustus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    19737300004
    [14] † Oxyprimus galadrielae
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    22727000004
    [15] † Molinodus suarezi
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    22707000004
    [16] † Tiuclaenus spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    16797600004
    [17] † Simoclaenus sylvaticus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    25676700004
    [18] † Simpsonotus praecursor
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    12808000004
    [19] † Protolipternidae
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    12818000004
    [20] † Protoselene spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    24746800004
    [21] † Promioclaenus spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    14797800004
    [22] † Choeroclaenus turgidunculus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    23706900004
    [23] † Mioclaenus turgidus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    25676700004
    [24] † Litaletes spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    14837800004
    [25] † Hyopsodus spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    1949100004
    [26] † Diacodexis spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    4938800004
    [27] † Bunophorus spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    26736600004
    [28] † Desmatoclaenus hermaeus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    28666400004
    [29] † Tetraclaenodon puercensis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    14827800004
    [30] † Meniscotherium spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    4888800004
    [31] † Phenacodus spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    5948700004
    [32] † Copecion spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    12828000004
    [33] † Ectocion spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    8848400004
    [34] † Cambaytherium thewissi
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    9848300004
    [35] † Protorohippus spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    6868600004
    [36] † Homogalax spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    7858500004
    [37] † Baioconodon spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    16787600004
    [38] † Loxolophus hyattianus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    9858300004
    [39] † Carcinodon spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    28666400004
    [40] † Deltatherium spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    6918600004
    [41] † Chriacus pelvidens
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    22707000004
    [42] † Chriacus gallinae
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    9848300004
    [43] † Thryptacodon antiquus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    2909000004
    [44] † Mimotricentes subtrigonus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    17787500004
    [45] † Lambertocyon eximius
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    12818000004
    [46] † Claenodon spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    16787600004
    [47] † Mentoclaenodon mumak
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    16777600004
    [48] † Anacodon ursidens
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    23716900004
    [49] † Eoconodon spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    15777700004
    [50] † Goniacodon levisanus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    25686700004
    [51] † Oxyclaenus cuspidatus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    24706800004
    [52] † Walbeckodon krumbiegeli
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    15777700004
    [53] † Paschatherium spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    16767600004
    [54] † Prolouisina atavella
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    23696900004
    [55] † Teilhardimys spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    25716700004
    [56] † Haplaletes disceptatrix
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    18757400004
    [57] † Litomylus dissentaneus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    19747300004
    [58] † Phenacodaptes sabulosus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    15787700004
    [59] † Apheliscus spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    9848300004
    [60] † Haplomylus spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    22737000004
    [61] † Chambius kasserinensis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    17757500004
    [62] † Orthaspidotherium edwardsi
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    16767600004
    [63] † Pleuraspidotherium aumonieri
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    8878400004
    [64] † Ocepeia daouiensis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    14787800004
    [65] † Abdounodus hamdii
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    28646301004
    [66] † Eritherium azzouzorum
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    17757500004
    [67] † Phosphatherium escuilliei
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    18747400004
    [68] † Dimaitherium patnaiki
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    20727200004
    [69] † Thyrohyrax spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    2909000004
    [70] † Pahelia mysteriosa
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    55373700004
    [71] † Machocyon abbasi
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    19737300004
    [72] † Quettacyon parachai
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    53393900004
    [73] † Sororocyon usmanii
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    52404000004
    [74] † Lessnessina spp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    20757200004
    [75] † Sigynorum magnadivisus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    50424200004
    [76] † Kharmerungulatum vanvaleni
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    71212100004


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25411' (38 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
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    access
    [1] OG dummy
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    632200004
    [2] † Aspanlestes aptap
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    8575700004
    [3] † Parazhelestes minor
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    28373700004
    [4] † Eoungulatum kudukensis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    17484800004
    [5] † Valenia wilsoni
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    7585800004
    [6] † Simpsonodus chacensis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    7585800004
    [7] † Choeroclaenus turgidunculus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    0666500004
    [8] † Maiorana noctiluca
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [9] † Mimatuta minuial
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    3626200004
    [10] † Protungulatum donnae
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    5606000004
    [11] † Oxyprimus galadrielae
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    4616100004
    [12] † Baioconodon nordicum
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [13] † Carcinodon simplex
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    19464600004
    [14] † Carcinodon olearyi
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    6605900004
    [15] † Carcinodon antiquus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    2636300004
    [16] † Chriacus pelvidens
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    3636200004
    [17] † Loxolophus hyattianus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [18] † Mimotricentes subtrigonus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [19] † Arctocyon ferox
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [20] † Deuterogonodon noletil
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    7585800004
    [21] † Eoconodon ginibitohia
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    41242400004
    [22] † Eoconodon gaudrianus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    7585800004
    [23] † Eoconodon coryphaeus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [24] † Goniacodon levisanus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [25] † Goniacodon crassicuspis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    22434300004
    [26] † Goniacodon hiawatha
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    24414100004
    [27] † Triisodon quivirensis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [28] † Andrewsarchus mongoliensis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    37282800004
    [29] † Oxyclaenus cuspidatus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    3656200004
    [30] † Hapalodectes hetangensis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    13525200004
    [31] † Hukoutherium sp.
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    13535200004
    [32] † Dissacus navajovius
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [33] † Ankalogon saurognathus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [34] † Sinonyx jiashanensis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [35] † Landenodon woutersi
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    3686200004
    [36] † Mondegodon eutrigonus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    30363500004
    [37] † Pahelia mysteriosa
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    36292900004
    [38] † Machocyon abbasi
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    7585800004


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25412' (73 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
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    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] † Vincelestes
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    4238538400004
    [2] † Deltatheridium
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    16226526400004
    [3] † Mayulestes
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    5936736700004
    [4] † Pucadelphys
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    2440540200004
    [5] † Eomaia
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    23819018800004
    [6] † Prokennalestes
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    23519619100004
    [7] † Zhelestes
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    26316916300004
    [8] † Cimolestes
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    26417116200004
    [9] † Maelestes
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    11432031200004
    [10] † Kennalestes
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    11631431000004
    [11] † Asioryctes
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    7735434900004
    [12] † Kulbeckia
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    23020319600004
    [13] † Zalambdalestes
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    5039037600004
    [14] † Leptictis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    2140640500004
    [15] † Didelphodus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    23918818700004
    [16] † Alcidedorbignya
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    742041900004
    [17] † Pantolambda
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    3339439300004
    [18] † Bemalambda
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    11331531300004
    [19] † Harpyodus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    340868600004
    [20] † Coryphodon
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    11231831400004
    [21] † Azygonyx
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    14328428300004
    [22] † Trogosus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    10732231900004
    [23] † Protungulatum
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    21621821000004
    [24] † Vulpavus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    8435834200004
    [25] † Miacis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    10233232400004
    [26] † Cynodictis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    11731230900004
    [27] † Diacodexis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    9133933500004
    [28] † Dichobune
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    13629129000004
    [29] † Acotherulum
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    13729228900004
    [30] † Hyopsodus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    3240739400004
    [31] † Meniscotherium
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    2940339700004
    [32] † Phenacodus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    5038537600004
    [33] † Pleuraspidotherium
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    4738237900004
    [34] † Maiorana
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    15926726700004
    [35] † Baioconodon
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    16526226100004
    [36] † Arctocyonides
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    10832031800004
    [37] † Arctocyon
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    5537337100004
    [38] Ptilocercus
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    1941140700004
    [39] † Plesiadapis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    5439037200004
    [40] † Northarctus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    5837536800004
    [41] † Adapis
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    7336335300004
    [42] † Tribosphenomys
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    27315315300004
    [43] † Paramys
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    7835334800004
    [44] † Rhombomylus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    6736735900004
    [45] † Gomphos
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    14028828600004
    [46] † Mimotona
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    30013012600004
    [47] Blarina
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    5338237300004
    [48] Erinaceus
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    2541340100004
    [49] Solenodon
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    3639939000004
    [50] † Eoryctes
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    21721420900004
    [51] Potamogale
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    3639139000004
    [52] Tenrec
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    3839538800004
    [53] Orycteropus
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    14029228600004
    [54] Rhynchocyon
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    4838037800004
    [55] Procavia
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    3240439400004
    [56] † Moeritherium
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    14927927700004
    [57] Chaetophractus
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    14028628600004
    [58] Dasypus
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    15127627500004
    [59] Bradypus
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    15427627200004
    [60] Tamandua
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    18224624400004
    [61] † Colbertia
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    15627527000004
    [62] † Plesiotypotherium
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    16427026200004
    [63] † Protypotherium
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    12131430500004
    [64] † Adinotherium
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    10733031900004
    [65] † Notostylops
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    14230128400004
    [66] † Pyrotherium
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    21521821100004
    [67] † Trigonostylops
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    20023122600004
    [68] † Astrapotherium
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    15528127100004
    [69] † Miguelsoria
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    23119619500004
    [70] † Proterotherium
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    7436135200004
    [71] † Macrauchenia
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    13130029500004
    [72] † Carodnia
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    25617217000004
    [73] † Pahelia mysteriosa
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    381454500004


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25413' (28 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] Eutheria
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    518817900004
    [2] † Abdounodus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    8111010300004
    [3] † Anthracobunidae
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    4415014000004
    [4] † Arctocyonidae
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    720017700004
    [5] † Cambaytherium
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    5313713100004
    [6] † Desmostylia
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    2417516000004
    [7] † Embrithopoda
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    1817316600004
    [8] † Eritherium
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    5214013200004
    [9] † Hyopsodus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    718817700004
    [10] Hyracoidea
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    519617900004
    [11] Macroscelidea
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    919617500004
    [12] † Minchenella
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    113727100004
    [13] † Numidotherium
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    1017617400004
    [14] † Ocepeia
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    1417417000004
    [15] Orycteropus
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    7611510800004
    [16] † Paschatherium
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    94939000004
    [17] Perissodactyla
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    519517900004
    [18] † Phenacodontidae
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    419718000004
    [19] † Phenacolophus
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    94939000004
    [20] † Phosphatherium
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    1417917000004
    [21] Potamogale
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    1717116700004
    [22] † Protungulatum
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    6612211800004
    [23] † Ptolemaia
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    5413313000004
    [24] † Radinskya
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    88989600004
    [25] Sirenia
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    2417016000004
    [26] † Teilhardimys
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    881029600004
    [27] † Todralestes
    Last Modified in 04/26/19
    87979700004
    [28] † Pahelia mysteriosa
    Last Modified in 05/09/18
    143414100004


    Project views

    type number of views Individual items viewed (where applicable)
    Total project views16515
    Project overview1472
    Matrix views1205Muizon et al. (2015) matrix with Pahelia (92 views); Gheerbrant et al. (2016) matrix with Pahelia (89 views); Tabuce et al. (2011) matrix with Pahelia and Machocyon (111 views); "Ungulate" dental matrix (98 views); Matrix landing page (815 views);
    Media views2559Media search (2189 views); M469093 (370 views);
    Taxon list8699
    Specimen list1290
    Views for media list738
    Bibliography541
    Documents list11




    Project downloads

    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project200
    Matrix downloads48"Ungulate" dental matrix (22 downloads); Tabuce et al. (2011) matrix with Pahelia and Machocyon (6 downloads); Muizon et al. (2015) matrix with Pahelia (10 downloads); Gheerbrant et al. (2016) matrix with Pahelia (10 downloads);
    Project downloads152