Project 2798: S. P. Zack, K. D. Rose, L. T. Holbrook, K. Kumar, R. S. Rana, T. Smith, H. O'Regan. 2021. An enigmatic new ungulate‐like mammal from the early Eocene of India. Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (1):497-520.
Specimen: † Pahelia mysteriosa (GU/RSR/TAD:9201)
View: buccal view of left side of mandible

Abstract

We report a new genus and species of herbivorous mammal, Pahelia mysteriosa, from the early Eocene Cambay Shale Formation, Tadkeshwar Lignite Mine, Gujarat, India. The new taxon, approximately the size of a small phenacodontid (e.g. Ectocion parvus), is represented by three mandibular fragments, the most complete of which documents nearly the entire symphysis and mandibular body plus p3–m3. Pahelia has incipiently selenolophodont molars with strong exodaenodonty, absent paraconids, weak but distinct entolophids, and prominent ectostylids. Molar size increases distally, but m3 does not develop a prominent third lobe. Premolars are simple, with prominent protoconids and short talonids but little development of other trigonid cusps. The mandibular symphysis is strongly fused, and there is an enlarged alveolus for an anterior tooth. The combination of features present in the new taxon does not closely match that of any known mammal, but there are some similarities to a diversity of ungulates from Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. Preserved morphology is insufficient to assess the affinities of the new taxon with confidence, but a link to Quettacyonidae, also endemic to the Indian subcontinent, is morphologically and biogeographically plausible. If this scenario is correct, it suggests that P. mysteriosa could be a part of the endemic mammalian fauna of India prior to its initial faunal contact with Asia.


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Article DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1288

Project DOI: 10.7934/P2798, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2798
This project containsMatrices
  • 1 Media
  • 4 Matrices
  • 198 Taxa
  • 1 Specimen
  • 765 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 955.36k

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 33997
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 767
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 1921
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:646/121
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MorphoBank Project 2798
  • Creation Date:
    28 December 2017
  • Publication Date:
    17 October 2019
  • Matrix downloads: 60

    This research
    supported by

    Authors' Institutions

    • Brown University

    • University of Arizona

    • Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences

    • Johns Hopkins University

    • Rowan University

    • Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology

    • H.N.B. Garhwal University



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media media
    notes
    chars character
    comms
       
    notes  media
    labels
    cell scorings
    (scored, NPA, "-")
    cell
    comms
        
    notes  medialabels
    rules
    Shawn Zack
    Project Administrator
    198110767000033997
    (33996, 0, 1)
    00000
    Luke Holbrook
    Full membership
    0000000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    00000
    Kenneth Rose
    Full membership
    0000000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    00000
    Thierry Smith
    Full membership
    0000000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    00000


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25326' (76 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
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    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] † Prokennalestes spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    15797700004
    [2] † Aspanlestes aptap
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    12818000004
    [3] † Protungulatum donnae
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    22727000004
    [4] † Paratricuspiodon krumbiegeli
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    25676700004
    [5] † Tricuspiodon spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    13827900004
    [6] † Maiorana noctiluca
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    14787800004
    [7] † Mimatuta spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    18777400004
    [8] † Mithrandir gillianus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    22717000004
    [9] † Conacodon spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    19737300004
    [10] † Ectoconus ditrigonus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    5878700004
    [11] † Hemithlaeus kowalevskianus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    24686800004
    [12] † Periptychus spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    8868400004
    [13] † Haploconus angustus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    19737300004
    [14] † Oxyprimus galadrielae
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    22727000004
    [15] † Molinodus suarezi
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    22707000004
    [16] † Tiuclaenus spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    16797600004
    [17] † Simoclaenus sylvaticus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    25676700004
    [18] † Simpsonotus praecursor
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    12808000004
    [19] † Protolipternidae
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    12818000004
    [20] † Protoselene spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    24746800004
    [21] † Promioclaenus spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    14797800004
    [22] † Choeroclaenus turgidunculus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    23706900004
    [23] † Mioclaenus turgidus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    25676700004
    [24] † Litaletes spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    14837800004
    [25] † Hyopsodus spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    1949100004
    [26] † Diacodexis spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    4938800004
    [27] † Bunophorus spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    26736600004
    [28] † Desmatoclaenus hermaeus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    28666400004
    [29] † Tetraclaenodon puercensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    14827800004
    [30] † Meniscotherium spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    4888800004
    [31] † Phenacodus spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    5948700004
    [32] † Copecion spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    12828000004
    [33] † Ectocion spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    8848400004
    [34] † Cambaytherium thewissi
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    9848300004
    [35] † Protorohippus spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    6868600004
    [36] † Homogalax spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    7858500004
    [37] † Baioconodon spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    16787600004
    [38] † Loxolophus hyattianus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    9858300004
    [39] † Carcinodon spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    28666400004
    [40] † Deltatherium spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    6918600004
    [41] † Chriacus pelvidens
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    22707000004
    [42] † Chriacus gallinae
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    9848300004
    [43] † Thryptacodon antiquus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    2909000004
    [44] † Mimotricentes subtrigonus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    17787500004
    [45] † Lambertocyon eximius
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    12818000004
    [46] † Claenodon spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    16787600004
    [47] † Mentoclaenodon mumak
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    16777600004
    [48] † Anacodon ursidens
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    23716900004
    [49] † Eoconodon spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    15777700004
    [50] † Goniacodon levisanus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    25686700004
    [51] † Oxyclaenus cuspidatus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    24706800004
    [52] † Walbeckodon krumbiegeli
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    15777700004
    [53] † Paschatherium spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    16767600004
    [54] † Prolouisina atavella
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    23696900004
    [55] † Teilhardimys spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    25716700004
    [56] † Haplaletes disceptatrix
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    18757400004
    [57] † Litomylus dissentaneus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    19747300004
    [58] † Phenacodaptes sabulosus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    15787700004
    [59] † Apheliscus spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    9848300004
    [60] † Haplomylus spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    22737000004
    [61] † Chambius kasserinensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    17757500004
    [62] † Orthaspidotherium edwardsi
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    16767600004
    [63] † Pleuraspidotherium aumonieri
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    8878400004
    [64] † Ocepeia daouiensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    14787800004
    [65] † Abdounodus hamdii
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    28646301004
    [66] † Eritherium azzouzorum
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    17757500004
    [67] † Phosphatherium escuilliei
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    18747400004
    [68] † Dimaitherium patnaiki
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    20727200004
    [69] † Thyrohyrax spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    2909000004
    [70] † Pahelia mysteriosa
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    55373700004
    [71] † Machocyon abbasi
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    19737300004
    [72] † Quettacyon parachai
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    53393900004
    [73] † Sororocyon usmanii
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    52404000004
    [74] † Lessnessina spp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    20757200004
    [75] † Sigynorum magnadivisus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    50424200004
    [76] † Kharmerungulatum vanvaleni
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    71212100004


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25411' (38 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
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    member
    access
    [1] OG dummy
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    632200004
    [2] † Aspanlestes aptap
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    8575700004
    [3] † Parazhelestes minor
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    28373700004
    [4] † Eoungulatum kudukensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    17484800004
    [5] † Valenia wilsoni
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    7585800004
    [6] † Simpsonodus chacensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    7585800004
    [7] † Choeroclaenus turgidunculus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    0666500004
    [8] † Maiorana noctiluca
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [9] † Mimatuta minuial
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    3626200004
    [10] † Protungulatum donnae
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    5606000004
    [11] † Oxyprimus galadrielae
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    4616100004
    [12] † Baioconodon nordicum
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [13] † Carcinodon simplex
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    19464600004
    [14] † Carcinodon olearyi
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    6605900004
    [15] † Carcinodon antiquus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    2636300004
    [16] † Chriacus pelvidens
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    3636200004
    [17] † Loxolophus hyattianus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [18] † Mimotricentes subtrigonus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [19] † Arctocyon ferox
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [20] † Deuterogonodon noletil
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    7585800004
    [21] † Eoconodon ginibitohia
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    41242400004
    [22] † Eoconodon gaudrianus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    7585800004
    [23] † Eoconodon coryphaeus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [24] † Goniacodon levisanus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [25] † Goniacodon crassicuspis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    22434300004
    [26] † Goniacodon hiawatha
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    24414100004
    [27] † Triisodon quivirensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [28] † Andrewsarchus mongoliensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    37282800004
    [29] † Oxyclaenus cuspidatus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    3656200004
    [30] † Hapalodectes hetangensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    13525200004
    [31] † Hukoutherium sp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    13535200004
    [32] † Dissacus navajovius
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [33] † Ankalogon saurognathus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [34] † Sinonyx jiashanensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    0656500004
    [35] † Landenodon woutersi
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    3686200004
    [36] † Mondegodon eutrigonus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    30363500004
    [37] † Pahelia mysteriosa
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    36292900004
    [38] † Machocyon abbasi
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    7585800004


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25412' (73 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
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    "-" cellscell images labels on
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    member
    access
    [1] † Vincelestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    4238538400004
    [2] † Deltatheridium
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    16226526400004
    [3] † Mayulestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    5936736700004
    [4] † Pucadelphys
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    2440540200004
    [5] † Eomaia
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    23819018800004
    [6] † Prokennalestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    23519619100004
    [7] † Zhelestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    26316916300004
    [8] † Cimolestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    26417116200004
    [9] † Maelestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    11432031200004
    [10] † Kennalestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    11631431000004
    [11] † Asioryctes
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    7735434900004
    [12] † Kulbeckia
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    23020319600004
    [13] † Zalambdalestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    5039037600004
    [14] † Leptictis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    2140640500004
    [15] † Didelphodus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    23918818700004
    [16] † Alcidedorbignya
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    742041900004
    [17] † Pantolambda
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    3339439300004
    [18] † Bemalambda
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    11331531300004
    [19] † Harpyodus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    340868600004
    [20] † Coryphodon
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    11231831400004
    [21] † Azygonyx
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    14328428300004
    [22] † Trogosus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    10732231900004
    [23] † Protungulatum
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    21621821000004
    [24] † Vulpavus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    8435834200004
    [25] † Miacis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    10233232400004
    [26] † Cynodictis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    11731230900004
    [27] † Diacodexis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    9133933500004
    [28] † Dichobune
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    13629129000004
    [29] † Acotherulum
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    13729228900004
    [30] † Hyopsodus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    3240739400004
    [31] † Meniscotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    2940339700004
    [32] † Phenacodus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    5038537600004
    [33] † Pleuraspidotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    4738237900004
    [34] † Maiorana
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    15926726700004
    [35] † Baioconodon
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    16526226100004
    [36] † Arctocyonides
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    10832031800004
    [37] † Arctocyon
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    5537337100004
    [38] Ptilocercus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    1941140700004
    [39] † Plesiadapis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    5439037200004
    [40] † Northarctus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    5837536800004
    [41] † Adapis
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    7336335300004
    [42] † Tribosphenomys
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    27315315300004
    [43] † Paramys
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    7835334800004
    [44] † Rhombomylus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    6736735900004
    [45] † Gomphos
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    14028828600004
    [46] † Mimotona
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    30013012600004
    [47] Blarina
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    5338237300004
    [48] Erinaceus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    2541340100004
    [49] Solenodon
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    3639939000004
    [50] † Eoryctes
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    21721420900004
    [51] Potamogale
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    3639139000004
    [52] Tenrec
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    3839538800004
    [53] Orycteropus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    14029228600004
    [54] Rhynchocyon
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    4838037800004
    [55] Procavia
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    3240439400004
    [56] † Moeritherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    14927927700004
    [57] Chaetophractus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    14028628600004
    [58] Dasypus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    15127627500004
    [59] Bradypus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    15427627200004
    [60] Tamandua
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    18224624400004
    [61] † Colbertia
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    15627527000004
    [62] † Plesiotypotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    16427026200004
    [63] † Protypotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    12131430500004
    [64] † Adinotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    10733031900004
    [65] † Notostylops
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    14230128400004
    [66] † Pyrotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    21521821100004
    [67] † Trigonostylops
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    20023122600004
    [68] † Astrapotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    15528127100004
    [69] † Miguelsoria
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    23119619500004
    [70] † Proterotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    7436135200004
    [71] † Macrauchenia
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    13130029500004
    [72] † Carodnia
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    25617217000004
    [73] † Pahelia mysteriosa
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    381454500004


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25413' (28 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] Eutheria
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    518817900004
    [2] † Abdounodus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    8111010300004
    [3] † Anthracobunidae
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    4415014000004
    [4] † Arctocyonidae
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    720017700004
    [5] † Cambaytherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    5313713100004
    [6] † Desmostylia
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    2417516000004
    [7] † Embrithopoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    1817316600004
    [8] † Eritherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    5214013200004
    [9] † Hyopsodus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    718817700004
    [10] Hyracoidea
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    519617900004
    [11] Macroscelidea
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    919617500004
    [12] † Minchenella
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    113727100004
    [13] † Numidotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    1017617400004
    [14] † Ocepeia
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    1417417000004
    [15] Orycteropus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    7611510800004
    [16] † Paschatherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    94939000004
    [17] Perissodactyla
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    519517900004
    [18] † Phenacodontidae
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    419718000004
    [19] † Phenacolophus
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    94939000004
    [20] † Phosphatherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    1417917000004
    [21] Potamogale
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    1717116700004
    [22] † Protungulatum
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    6612211800004
    [23] † Ptolemaia
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    5413313000004
    [24] † Radinskya
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    88989600004
    [25] Sirenia
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    2417016000004
    [26] † Teilhardimys
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    881029600004
    [27] † Todralestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 04/26/19
    87979700004
    [28] † Pahelia mysteriosa
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/09/18
    143414100004


    Project downloads

    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project212
    Matrix downloads60"Ungulate" dental matrix (25 downloads); Tabuce et al. (2011) matrix with Pahelia and Machocyon (9 downloads); Muizon et al. (2015) matrix with Pahelia (13 downloads); Gheerbrant et al. (2016) matrix with Pahelia (13 downloads);
    Project downloads152