Morphobank

Project 3287: C. Souto, R. Mooi, L. Martins, C. Menegola, C. R. Marshall. 2019. Homoplasy and extinction: the phylogeny of cassidulid echinoids (Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 187 (3):622-660.

Specimen: Cassidulus caribaearum Lamarck, 1801 (CAS/IZ:CAS-IZ 112638)
View: Oral view of test

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Abstract

Inclusion of fossils can be crucial to address evolutionary questions, because their unique morphology, often drastically modified in recent species, can improve phylogenetic resolution. We performed a cladistic analysis of 45 cassidulids with 98 characters, which resulted in 24 most parsimonious trees. The strict consensus recovers three major cassiduloid clades, and the monophyly of the family Cassidulidae is not supported. Ancillary analyses to determine the sensitivity of the phylogeny to missing data do not result in significantly different topologies. The taxonomic implications of these results, including the description of a new cassiduloid family and the evolution of some morphological features, are discussed. Cassiduloids (as defined here) most probably originated in the Early Cretaceous, and their evolutionary history has been dominated by high levels of homoplasy and a dearth of unique, novel traits. Despite their high diversity during the Palaeogene, there are only seven extant cassiduloid species, and three of these are relicts of lineages dating back to the Eocene. Future studies of the biology of these poorly known species, some of which brood their young, will yield further insights into the evolutionary history of this group.

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Article DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz060

Project DOI: 10.7934/P3287, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3287

This project contains	Matrices
1 Media 2 Matrices 7 Documents 66 Taxa 1 Specimen 100 Characters Total size of project's media files: 1.67M Download Project SDD File	Total scored cells: 11916 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0
	Characters
	Total characters: 196 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 247 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:188/8

Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 3287

Creation Date:
18 October 2018
Publication Date:
02 September 2019
Matrix downloads: 7

Authors' Institutions

Universidade Federal da Bahia

University of California Berkeley

California Academy of Sciences

Members

Camilla Souto
Project Administrator

196

11916
(11872, 0, 44)

Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25847' (66 Taxa)

taxon	unscored cells	scored cells	no cell support	NPA cells	"-" cells	cell images	labels on cell images	member access
[1] † Nucleolites scutatus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	90	88	0	2	0	0	1
[2] Apatopygus recens Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	97	97	0	1	0	0	1
[3] Echinolampas depressa Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	97	97	0	1	0	0	1
[4] † Faujasia apicalis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	6	91	91	0	1	0	0	1
[5] † Faujasia rancheriana Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	89	89	0	1	0	0	1
[6] † Hardouinia bassleri Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	16	84	82	0	0	0	0	1
[7] † Hardouinia mortonis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	6	92	92	0	0	0	0	1
[8] † Australanthus longianus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	92	91	0	0	0	0	1
[9] † Kassandrina florescens Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[10] Kassandrina malayana Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	1	97	97	0	0	0	0	1
[11] Neolampas rostellata Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	86	85	0	13	0	0	1
[12] Oligopodia epigonus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	97	97	0	1	0	0	1
[13] † Petalobrissus cubensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	6	92	92	0	0	0	0	1
[14] † Pliolampas elegantula Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	91	91	0	0	0	0	1
[15] † Procassidulus lapiscancri Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	94	91	0	0	0	0	1
[16] † Petalobrissus setifensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	9	89	88	0	1	0	0	1
[17] † Rhynchopygus arumaensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	91	90	0	0	0	0	1
[18] † Rhynchopygus macari Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	15	86	83	0	0	0	0	1
[19] † Rhynchopygus marmini Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	11	88	87	0	0	0	0	1
[20] † Stigmatopygus pulchellus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	9	91	89	0	0	0	0	1
[21] Studeria recens Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	6	91	91	0	1	0	0	1
[22] Cassidulus briareus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	4	94	94	0	0	0	0	1
[23] † Cassidulus californicus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	14	86	84	0	0	0	0	1
[24] Cassidulus caribaearum Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	99	98	0	0	0	0	1
[25] † Cassidulus ellipticus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	17	84	81	0	0	0	0	1
[26] † Cassidulus falconensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	91	91	0	0	0	0	1
[27] Cassidulus infidus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	98	98	0	0	0	0	1
[28] † Cassidulus kieri Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	6	92	92	0	0	0	0	1
[29] Cassidulus mitis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	98	98	0	0	0	0	1
[30] † Cassidulus trojanus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[31] † Eurhodia australiae Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[32] † Eurhodia baumi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	9	89	89	0	0	0	0	1
[33] † Eurhodia calderi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	93	91	0	0	0	0	1
[34] † Eurhodia cravenensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	10	90	88	0	0	0	0	1
[35] † Eurhodia holmesi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	92	91	0	0	0	0	1
[36] † Eurhodia matleyi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	9	89	89	0	0	0	0	1
[37] † Eurhodia morrisi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	92	91	0	0	0	0	1
[38] † Eurhodia navillei Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	10	91	88	0	0	0	0	1
[39] † Eurhodia patelliformis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	9	93	89	0	0	0	0	1
[40] Eurhodia relicta Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	2	97	96	0	0	0	0	1
[41] † Eurhodia rugosa Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	6	92	92	0	0	0	0	1
[42] † Eurhodia thebensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	15	88	83	0	0	0	0	1
[43] † Glossaster sorigneti Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	17	82	81	0	0	0	0	1
[44] † Glossaster vasseuri Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	92	91	0	0	0	0	1
[45] † Glossaster welschi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	25	74	73	0	0	0	0	1
[46] † Paralampas pileus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	93	91	0	0	0	0	1
[47] † Paralampas rancureli Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	13	85	85	0	0	0	0	1
[48] † Rhyncholampas alabamensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	92	90	0	0	0	0	1
[49] † Rhyncholampas anceps Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	12	88	86	0	0	0	0	1
[50] † Rhyncholampas ayresi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	9	90	89	0	0	0	0	1
[51] † Rhyncholampas carolinensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	9	90	89	0	0	0	0	1
[52] † Rhyncholampas chipolana Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	10	89	88	0	0	0	0	1
[53] † Rhyncholampas conradi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[54] † Rhyncholampas daradensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[55] † Rhyncholampas ericsoni Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	11	89	87	0	0	0	0	1
[56] † Rhyncholampas evergladensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	92	91	0	0	0	0	1
[57] † Rhyncholampas globosa Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	10	88	88	0	0	0	0	1
[58] † Rhyncholampas gouldii Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	94	90	0	0	0	0	1
[59] † Rhyncholampas grignonensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	9	89	89	0	0	0	0	1
[60] † Rhyncholampas mexicana Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	12	86	86	0	0	0	0	1
[61] Rhyncholampas pacifica Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	100	98	0	0	0	0	1
[62] † Rhyncholampas riveroi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	22	79	76	0	0	0	0	1
[63] † Rhyncholampas rodriguezi (?) (a) Taxon name last Modified on 01/30/19	13	85	85	0	0	0	0	1
[64] † Rhyncholampas rodriguezi (?) (r) Taxon name last Modified on 01/30/19	9	91	89	0	0	0	0	1
[65] † Rhyncholampas sabistonensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	9	94	89	0	0	0	0	1
[66] † Rhyncholampas tuderi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	11	88	87	0	0	0	0	1

Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25848' (66 Taxa)

taxon	unscored cells	scored cells	no cell support	NPA cells	"-" cells	cell images	labels on cell images	member access
[1] † Nucleolites scutatus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	90	88	0	2	0	0	1
[2] Apatopygus recens Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	97	97	0	1	0	0	1
[3] Echinolampas depressa Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	97	97	0	1	0	0	1
[4] † Faujasia apicalis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	6	91	91	0	1	0	0	1
[5] † Faujasia rancheriana Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	89	89	0	1	0	0	1
[6] † Hardouinia bassleri Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	17	82	81	0	0	0	0	1
[7] † Hardouinia mortonis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	6	92	92	0	0	0	0	1
[8] † Australanthus longianus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	92	91	0	0	0	0	1
[9] † Kassandrina florescens Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[10] Kassandrina malayana Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	1	97	97	0	0	0	0	1
[11] Neolampas rostellata Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	86	85	0	13	0	0	1
[12] Oligopodia epigonus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	97	97	0	1	0	0	1
[13] † Petalobrissus cubensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	6	92	92	0	0	0	0	1
[14] † Pliolampas elegantula Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	91	91	0	0	0	0	1
[15] † Procassidulus lapiscancri Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	94	91	0	0	0	0	1
[16] † Petalobrissus setifensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	10	87	87	0	1	0	0	1
[17] † Rhynchopygus arumaensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	91	90	0	0	0	0	1
[18] † Rhynchopygus macari Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	17	81	81	0	0	0	0	1
[19] † Rhynchopygus marmini Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	12	86	86	0	0	0	0	1
[20] † Stigmatopygus pulchellus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	10	89	88	0	0	0	0	1
[21] Studeria recens Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	6	91	91	0	1	0	0	1
[22] Cassidulus briareus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	4	94	94	0	0	0	0	1
[23] † Cassidulus californicus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	16	82	82	0	0	0	0	1
[24] Cassidulus caribaearum Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	99	98	0	0	0	0	1
[25] † Cassidulus ellipticus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	20	78	78	0	0	0	0	1
[26] † Cassidulus falconensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	91	91	0	0	0	0	1
[27] Cassidulus infidus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	98	98	0	0	0	0	1
[28] † Cassidulus kieri Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	6	92	92	0	0	0	0	1
[29] Cassidulus mitis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	98	98	0	0	0	0	1
[30] † Cassidulus trojanus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[31] † Eurhodia australiae Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[32] † Eurhodia baumi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	9	89	89	0	0	0	0	1
[33] † Eurhodia calderi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	93	91	0	0	0	0	1
[34] † Eurhodia cravenensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	11	88	87	0	0	0	0	1
[35] † Eurhodia holmesi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	92	91	0	0	0	0	1
[36] † Eurhodia matleyi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	9	89	89	0	0	0	0	1
[37] † Eurhodia morrisi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	92	91	0	0	0	0	1
[38] † Eurhodia navillei Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	12	87	86	0	0	0	0	1
[39] † Eurhodia patelliformis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	9	93	89	0	0	0	0	1
[40] Eurhodia relicta Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	2	97	96	0	0	0	0	1
[41] † Eurhodia rugosa Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	6	92	92	0	0	0	0	1
[42] † Eurhodia thebensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	18	80	80	0	0	0	0	1
[43] † Glossaster sorigneti Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	18	80	80	0	0	0	0	1
[44] † Glossaster vasseuri Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[45] † Glossaster welschi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	26	72	72	0	0	0	0	1
[46] † Paralampas pileus Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	91	90	0	0	0	0	1
[47] † Paralampas rancureli Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	13	85	85	0	0	0	0	1
[48] † Rhyncholampas alabamensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	10	88	88	0	0	0	0	1
[49] † Rhyncholampas anceps Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	14	84	84	0	0	0	0	1
[50] † Rhyncholampas ayresi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	9	90	89	0	0	0	0	1
[51] † Rhyncholampas carolinensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	9	90	89	0	0	0	0	1
[52] † Rhyncholampas chipolana Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	11	87	87	0	0	0	0	1
[53] † Rhyncholampas conradi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[54] † Rhyncholampas daradensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[55] † Rhyncholampas ericsoni Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	12	87	86	0	0	0	0	1
[56] † Rhyncholampas evergladensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	7	92	91	0	0	0	0	1
[57] † Rhyncholampas globosa Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	10	88	88	0	0	0	0	1
[58] † Rhyncholampas gouldii Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	8	94	90	0	0	0	0	1
[59] † Rhyncholampas grignonensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	9	89	89	0	0	0	0	1
[60] † Rhyncholampas mexicana Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	12	86	86	0	0	0	0	1
[61] Rhyncholampas pacifica Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	0	100	98	0	0	0	0	1
[62] † Rhyncholampas riveroi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	24	74	74	0	0	0	0	1
[63] † Rhyncholampas rodriguezi (?) (a) Taxon name last Modified on 01/30/19	13	85	85	0	0	0	0	1
[64] † Rhyncholampas rodriguezi (?) (r) Taxon name last Modified on 01/30/19	10	89	88	0	0	0	0	1
[65] † Rhyncholampas sabistonensis Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	12	86	86	0	0	0	0	1
[66] † Rhyncholampas tuderi Taxon name last Modified on 05/05/19	12	86	86	0	0	0	0	1

Project downloads

type	number of downloads	Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
Total downloads from project	201
Project downloads	193
Matrix downloads	7	Family Cassidulidae: character matrix without partial uncertainties (3 downloads); Family Cassidulidae: character matrix (complete dataset) (4 downloads);
Document downloads	1	Analysis 1 (1 download);