Project 3399: J. D. Carrillo, C. Suarez, A. M. Benites-Palomino, A. Vanegas, A. Link, A. F. Rincón, J. Luque, S. B. Cooke, M. Tallman, G. Billet. 2023. New remains of Neotropical bunodont litopterns and the systematics of Megadolodinae (Mammalia: Litopterna) - EXTENDED MATRIX. Geodiversitas. 45 (15):409-447.
Abstract
Litopterna is one the most diverse and long–lived clades of South American native ungulates. Megadolodus and Neodolodus are bunodont litoptern genera recorded in the middle Miocene tropical faunistic assemblage of La Venta (Colombia). Both taxa were initially identified as a didolodontid ‘condylarths’, but later reclassified into Proterotheriidae, within Litopterna. Previous studies proposed their inclusion within Proterotheriidae, but possible affinities with early litopterns and didolodontids have not been properly tested in phylogenetic analyses. We report new material of Megadolodus and Neodolodus from La Venta, which document new aspects of their upper and lower dentition, and we reassess their phylogenetic relationships with Litopterna and Didolodontidae. Using pre-existing matrices, we tested two alternative approaches of character construction for serial characters on the dentition in our phylogenetic analyses. Based on previously known and new fossil material, our analyses withboth coding approaches support for a close relationship between Megadolodus and Neodolodus, within Litopterna, and do not support a close relationship with Didolodontidae. At a less inclusive level, the relationships of Megadolodinae within Litopterna vary depending on the coding approach used. However, all of our analyses unambiguously support the monophyly of Megadolodinae as a clade of Neotropical bunodont litopterns. While the discovery of these new remains enlightens part of the litoptern phylogeny, the sensitivity of our analyses to coding approaches further highlights the importance of critical evaluation of character construction in morphological phylogenetics.
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Article DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a15
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3399, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3399
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 5929 Total media associated with cells: 145 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 249 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 557 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:244/5 |
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MorphoBank Project 3399
MorphoBank Project 3399
- Creation Date:
25 February 2019 - Publication Date:
21 August 2023 - Project views: 3931
- Matrix downloads: 17
Authors' Institutions
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Natural History Museum, Paris)
- Grand Valley State University
- Harvard University
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB)
- University of Cambridge
- Université de Fribourg (University of Fribourg)
- University of Zurich (Universität Zürich)
- Universidad de Los Andes
- Universidad del Norte
- Johns Hopkins University
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
- Universidad del Rosario
- Museo de Historia Natural la Tatacoa
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||
Juan David Carrillo Project Administrator | 63 | 3 | 15 | 249 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5924 (5832, 0, 92) | 0 | 145 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Aldo Marcelo Benites-Palomino Observer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Guillaume Billet Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (5, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Javier Luque Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Aldo Rincon Observer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Catalina Suarez Observer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27463' (16 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Protolipterna Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 7 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[2] † Miguelsoria parayirunhor Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 10 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[3] † Proterotheriidae Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 2 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[4] † Polymorphis Last Modified in 09/07/21 | 23 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[5] † Macrauchenidae Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 2 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[6] † Proectocion Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 28 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[7] † Adianthidae Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 12 | 39 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[8] † Tiuclaenus Last Modified in 09/08/21 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[9] † Megadolodus Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 2 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[10] † Victorlemoinea prototypica Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 15 | 36 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[11] † Adiantoides Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 29 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[12] † Indalecia grandensis Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 21 | 30 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[13] † Lamegoia conodonta Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 9 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[14] † Asmithwoodwardia Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 19 | 32 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[15] † Ricardocifellia protocenica Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 7 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[16] † Didolodus Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 8 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27464' (38 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Didolodus multicuspis Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 11 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[2] † Adiantoides leali Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 28 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[3] † Protolipterna ellipsodontoides Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 24 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[4] † Anisolambda Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 32 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[5] † Paranisolambda prodromus Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 49 | 36 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[6] † Protheosodon coniferus Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 16 | 68 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[7] † Lambdaconus suinus Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 24 | 62 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[8] † Lambdaconus lacerum Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 16 | 70 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[9] † Neodolodus colombianus Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 15 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[10] † Prolicaphrium specillatum Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 4 | 83 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[11] † Mesolicaphrium sanalfonense Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 20 | 64 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[12] † Paramacrauchenia scamnata Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 23 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[13] † Tetramerorhinus lucarius Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 0 | 89 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[14] † Tetramerorhinus cingulatum Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 1 | 88 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[15] † Tetramerorhinus mixtum Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 3 | 84 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[16] † Tetramerorhinus prosistens Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 15 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[17] † Tetramerorhinus fleaglei Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 22 | 63 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[18] † Thoatherium minusculum Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 0 | 88 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[19] † Diadiaphorus majusculus Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 0 | 88 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[20] † Anisolophus australis Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 2 | 84 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[21] † Anisolophus floweri Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 6 | 79 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[22] † Anisolophus minusculus Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 27 | 59 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[23] † Picturotherium migueli Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 29 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[24] † Villarroelia totoyoi Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 17 | 67 | 67 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[25] † Brachytherium cuspidatum Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 16 | 70 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[26] † Neobrachytherium ameghinoi Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 44 | 41 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[27] † Neobrachytherium intermedium Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 8 | 78 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[28] † Neobrachytherium morenoi Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[29] † Neobrachytherium ullumense Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 41 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[30] † Thoatheriopsis mendocensis Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 50 | 34 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[31] † Proterotherium cervioides Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 59 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[32] † Epitherium laternarium Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 24 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[33] † Diplasiotherium robustum Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 57 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[34] † Diplasiotherium pampa Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 57 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[35] † Eoauchenia primitiva Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 46 | 38 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[36] † Neolicaphrium recens Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 19 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[37] † Uruguayodon alius Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 60 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[38] † Megadolodus molariformis Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 20 | 64 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27472' (44 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Simoclaenus sylvaticus Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 42 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[2] † Tiuclaenus Last Modified in 09/08/21 | 34 | 72 | 71 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[3] † Miguelsoria parayirunhor Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 29 | 83 | 82 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[4] † Protolipterna ellipsodontoides Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 18 | 96 | 91 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[5] † Asmithwoodwardia scotti Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 33 | 78 | 78 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[6] † Paranisolambda prodromus Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 75 | 39 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[7] † Ricardocifellia protocenica Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 34 | 76 | 75 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[8] † Victorlemoinea prototypica Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 60 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[9] † Lamegoia conodonta Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 56 | 57 | 56 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[10] † Didolodus multicuspis Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 17 | 93 | 92 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[11] † Adiantoides leali Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 53 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[12] † Indalecia grandensis Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 51 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[13] † Polymorphis Last Modified in 09/07/21 | 62 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[14] † Cramauchenia normalis Last Modified in 11/28/22 | 24 | 91 | 88 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[15] † Theosodon spp Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 13 | 99 | 99 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[16] † Paramacrauchenia scamnata Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 58 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[17] † Anisolambda Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 63 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[18] † Megadolodus molariformis Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 19 | 95 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 67 | 0 | 6 |
[19] † Neodolodus colombianus Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 13 | 101 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 0 | 6 |
[20] † Anisolophus australis Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 19 | 92 | 90 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[21] † Anisolophus floweri Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 38 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[22] † Brachytherium cuspidatum Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 48 | 66 | 64 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[23] † Diadiaphorus majusculus Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 3 | 108 | 105 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[24] † Diplasiotherium robustum Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 89 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[25] † Eoauchenia primitiva Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 81 | 31 | 31 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[26] † Epitherium laternarium Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 61 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[27] † Lambdaconus lacerum Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 52 | 63 | 60 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[28] † Lambdaconus suinus Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 60 | 54 | 53 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[29] † Neobrachytherium intermedium Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 43 | 72 | 70 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[30] † Neobrachytherium morenoi Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 75 | 39 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[31] † Neolicaphrium recens Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 48 | 64 | 64 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[32] † Picturotherium migueli Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 65 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[33] † Proectocion Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 97 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[34] † Mesolicaphrium sanalfonense Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 43 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[35] † Prolicaphrium specillatum Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 29 | 84 | 81 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[36] † Proterotherium cervioides Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 91 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[37] † Protheosodon coniferus Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 43 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[38] † Tetramerorhinus cingulatum Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 19 | 94 | 90 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[39] † Tetramerorhinus lucarius Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 18 | 96 | 91 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[40] † Tetramerorhinus mixtum Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 23 | 89 | 86 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[41] † Thoatheriopsis mendocensis Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 86 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[42] † Thoatherium minusculum Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 20 | 93 | 89 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[43] † Uruguayodon alius Last Modified in 07/20/22 | 89 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
[44] † Villarroelia totoyoi Last Modified in 10/06/21 | 34 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 3931 | |
Project overview | 187 | |
Bibliography | 90 | |
Documents list | 113 | |
Matrix views | 170 | Matrix landing page (134 views); Character matrix Litopterna – Cifelli (1993) (15 views); Extended Matrix (13 views); Proterotheriidae discrete character matrix - McGrath et al 2020 (8 views); |
Media views | 1599 | Media search (620 views); M822843 (67 views); M822844 (88 views); M822846 (62 views); M822847 (61 views); M822848 (63 views); M822849 (62 views); M822850 (62 views); M822851 (59 views); M822852 (62 views); M822853 (70 views); M822854 (65 views); M822855 (62 views); M822856 (62 views); M822858 (73 views); M845567 (61 views); |
Views for media list | 286 | |
Specimen list | 573 | |
Taxon list | 913 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 18 | |
Matrix downloads | 17 | Extended Matrix (10 downloads); Proterotheriidae discrete character matrix - McGrath et al 2020 (5 downloads); Character matrix Litopterna – Cifelli (1993) (2 downloads); |
Project downloads | 1 |