Project 3405: G. H. Azevedo, C. E. Griswold, A. J. Santos. 2018. Systematics and evolution of ground spiders revisited (Araneae, Dionycha, Gnaphosidae). Cladistics. 34 (6):579-626.
Abstract
Gnaphosidae Pocock are a very diverse spider family with remarkable spinning organ morphology. Although the family has received intense taxonomic attention in recent years, its intergeneric relationships remain obscure. A phylogenetic analysis of Gnaphosidae genera was performed to untangle the evolutionary history of the family. A matrix of 324 morphological characters, scored for 71 gnaphosid genera and 29 outgroup taxa, was analysed through parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Gnaphosidae are not recovered as a monophyletic group, neither were most of the previously proposed intrafamiliar groupings. In accordance with the phylogenetic results obtained, Vectius Simon and Hemicloea Thorell are transferred to Trochanteriidae, and Xenoplectus Schiapelli & Gerschman de Pikelin to Liocranidae. Micaria Westring, Nauhea Forster and Verita Ramírez & Grismado (and some related genera) are probably not gnaphosids, although their phylogenetic placement is uncertain. Gnaphosidae s.s. are defined as spiders with enlarged piriform gland spigots, longer and wider than the major ampullate gland spigots. Within Gnaphosidae s.s., well‐supported clades allow the redefinition, on the basis of quantitative phylogenetic evidence, of Gnaphosinae Pocock, Zelotinae Platnick, Herpyllinae Platnick, Drassodinae Simon, Prodidominae Simon rank res. and the newly proposed Leptodrassinae subfam. nov. Many genera are not assigned to subfamily given their poorly supported and unstable relationships. The homology and evolution of structures such as the claw tuft clasper, the spinning organs and the modification of cheliceral promargin are discussed.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1111/cla.12226
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3405, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3405
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 29736 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 324 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 674 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:324/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 3405
MorphoBank Project 3405
- Creation Date:
28 February 2019 - Publication Date:
28 February 2019 - Project views: 18023
- Matrix downloads: 4
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 14 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Ana Andruchow-Colombo Full membership | 99 | 0 | 0 | 324 | 0 | 0 | 29736 (25290, 0, 4446) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M26429' (100 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Anyphaena accentuata Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 7 | 268 | 268 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] Amazoromus kedus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 45 | 245 | 245 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] Ammoxenus coccineus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 22 | 265 | 265 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] Anagraphis pallens Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 3 | 285 | 285 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] Aneplasa facieis Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 105 | 173 | 173 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] Anzacia gemmea Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 29 | 267 | 267 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] Aphantaulax spp Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 42 | 250 | 250 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] Apodrassodes guatemalensis Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 2 | 282 | 282 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] Apopyllus silvestrii Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 4 | 290 | 290 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] Arauchemus graudo Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 21 | 261 | 261 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] Asemesthes spp Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 93 | 188 | 188 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] Australoechemus celer Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 40 | 263 | 262 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] Berinda amabilis Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 41 | 248 | 248 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] Berlandina plumalis Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 9 | 260 | 260 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] Callilepis nocturna Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 5 | 273 | 272 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] Camillina cordifera Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 2 | 262 | 262 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] Cesonia bilineata Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 7 | 291 | 289 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] Chileuma paposo Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 4 | 286 | 286 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] Chilongius palmas Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 1 | 285 | 285 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] Cithaeron praedonius Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 2 | 277 | 275 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] Cryptodrassus creticus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 35 | 249 | 249 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] Cryptoerithus occultus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 7 | 281 | 281 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] Doliomalus cimicoides Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 0 | 279 | 277 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] Drassinella gertschi Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 5 | 264 | 264 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] Drassodes saccatus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 3 | 298 | 297 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] Drassodex lasserti Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 39 | 242 | 241 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] Drassyllus fallens Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 4 | 257 | 257 | 0 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] Echemoides aguilari Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 7 | 281 | 281 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] Eilica bicolor Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 1 | 265 | 265 | 0 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] Galianoella leucostigma Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 4 | 236 | 236 | 0 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] Gallieniella mygaloides Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 16 | 246 | 246 | 0 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] Gertschosa spp Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 44 | 254 | 249 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] Gnaphosa californica Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 5 | 272 | 272 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] Gnaphosoidea tex Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 18 | 237 | 237 | 0 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] Haplodrassus hiemalis Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 7 | 281 | 281 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] Hemicloea sundevalli Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 10 | 268 | 268 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] Herpyllus ecclesiasticus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 5 | 284 | 284 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] Heser schmitzi Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 42 | 231 | 231 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] Hypodrassodes maoricus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 3 | 290 | 290 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] Kishidaia albimaculata Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 117 | 194 | 194 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] Lampona cylindrata Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 0 | 275 | 275 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] Latonigena auricomis Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 37 | 250 | 250 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] Leptodrassex sp Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 113 | 169 | 169 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] Leptodrassus albidus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 44 | 226 | 226 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] Leptopilos levantinus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 44 | 233 | 233 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] Liocranum rupicola Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 3 | 285 | 281 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] Litopyllus temporarius Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 3 | 282 | 281 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] Lygromma chamberlini Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 3 | 279 | 279 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] Meedo houstoni Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 22 | 227 | 226 | 0 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[50] Megamyrmaekion transvaalense Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 109 | 182 | 182 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[51] Micaria gosiuta Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 4 | 295 | 293 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[52] Microsa chickeringi Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 9 | 254 | 254 | 0 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[53] Minosia simeonica Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 3 | 269 | 268 | 0 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[54] Moreno grande Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 9 | 261 | 260 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[55] Nauhea tapa Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 91 | 186 | 186 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[56] Neodrassex aureus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 21 | 273 | 273 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[57] Neozimiris pubescens Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 3 | 259 | 259 | 0 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[58] Nodocion eclecticus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 2 | 277 | 277 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[59] Nomisia aussereri Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 7 | 268 | 268 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[60] Nopyllus sp Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 67 | 210 | 210 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[61] Notiodrassus distinctus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 34 | 253 | 253 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[62] Odontodrassus aphanes Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 5 | 278 | 277 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[63] Oltacloea beltraoe Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 45 | 229 | 228 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[64] Orodrassus coloradensis Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 4 | 280 | 280 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[65] Parasyrisca orites Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 121 | 177 | 177 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[66] Phaeocedus braccatus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 107 | 182 | 179 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[67] Phrurolithus festivus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 7 | 248 | 248 | 0 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[68] Plator spp Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 49 | 228 | 228 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[69] Platyoides walteri Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 8 | 267 | 267 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[70] Prodidomus rufus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 9 | 239 | 239 | 0 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[71] Pterotricha conspersa Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 6 | 275 | 275 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[72] Rastellus spp Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 21 | 232 | 231 | 0 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[73] Scopoides catharius Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 8 | 287 | 287 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[74] Scotocesonia demerarae Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 127 | 184 | 182 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[75] Scotognapha teideensis Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 27 | 256 | 254 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[76] Scotophaeus blackwalli Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 6 | 292 | 292 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[77] Sergiolus capulatus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 4 | 286 | 286 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[78] Setaphis subtilis Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 1 | 268 | 268 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[79] Sosticus insularis Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 7 | 268 | 267 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[80] Sydidrassus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 41 | 262 | 256 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[81] Synaphosus syntheticus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 19 | 252 | 251 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[82] Talanites echinus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 11 | 274 | 274 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[83] Teutamus rama Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 8 | 250 | 250 | 0 | 66 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[84] Tivodrassus ethophor Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 2 | 266 | 265 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[85] Trachelas mexicanus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 9 | 254 | 254 | 0 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[86] Trachycosmus sculptilis Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 56 | 226 | 226 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[87] Trachyzelotes pedestris Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 6 | 259 | 258 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[88] Trephopoda parvipalpa Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 90 | 185 | 185 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[89] Tricongius amazonicus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 56 | 218 | 217 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[90] Trochantheria gomezi Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 7 | 257 | 257 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[91] Urozelotes rusticus Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 3 | 266 | 266 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[92] Vectius niger Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 3 | 257 | 257 | 0 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[93] Verita williamsi Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 80 | 210 | 209 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[94] Xenoplectus sp Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 18 | 264 | 264 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[95] Xerophaeus capensis Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 42 | 264 | 262 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[96] Zelanda spp Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 9 | 277 | 277 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[97] Zelotes duplex Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 7 | 274 | 274 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[98] Zelotiba simpula Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 32 | 230 | 230 | 0 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[99] Zimiromus montenegro Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 4 | 281 | 281 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[100] Echemus angustifrons Last Modified in 01/28/20 | 164 | 147 | 147 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 18023 | |
Project overview | 1385 | |
Media views | 2911 | Media search (2420 views); M658786 (491 views); |
Views for media list | 875 | |
Specimen list | 1480 | |
Taxon list | 9198 | |
Documents list | 775 | |
Bibliography | 631 | |
Matrix views | 768 | Matrix landing page (655 views); Morphological matrix from Azevedo et al. 2018 (prepared by MorphoBank curators from original submission) (113 views); |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 153 | |
Project downloads | 145 | |
Document downloads | 4 | Character names and states (3 downloads); Matrix in Excel format Character names and states excluded (1 download); |
Matrix downloads | 4 | Morphological matrix from Azevedo et al. 2018 (prepared by MorphoBank curators from original submission) (4 downloads); |