Project 3419: G. M. Musser, J. Cracraft. 2019. A New Morphological Dataset Reveals a Novel Relationship for the Adzebills of New Zealand (Aptornis) and Provides a Foundation for Total Evidence Neoavian Phylogenetics. American Museum Novitates. 2019 (3927):1.
Abstract
Relationships among Neoaves, a group comprising approximately 95% of all extant birds, are difficult to resolve because of multiple short internodes presumably created by a rapid evolutionary radiation around the K/Pg boundary. This difficulty has plagued both morphological and molecular studies. Compared with molecular studies with extensive taxon and character sampling, morphological datasets have largely failed to provide insight into the phenotypic evolutionary transitions of the neoavian radiation. Extinct neoavian taxa remain an understudied but critical key to resolving relationships among these problematic stem lineages and understanding evolutionary changes in structure and function. Adzebills (Aptornis), some of the most phylogenetically controversial fossil neoavians, are extinct terrestrial birds endemic to New Zealand since at least the early Miocene. Past morphological studies have placed adzebills as a sister taxon to the flightless Kagu of New Caledonia (Rhynochetos jubatus) or to the land- and waterfowl group Galloanseres. Recent molecular studies reveal the Kagu and Sunbittern (Eurypyga helias) to be sister taxa, whereas adzebills have been postulated to be within Rallidae (rails, gallinules, and coots) or the sister taxon of Sarothruridae (flufftails) or Ralloidea (finfoots, flufftails, and rails). To better resolve the position of adzebills and begin constructing a fine-scale total evidence phylogenetic dataset for the base of Neoaves, we constructed a new and more comprehensive morphological dataset of 368 discrete osteological characters for 38 extant and two extinct taxa that includes extensive sampling of nearly all neoavian stem lineages. We then combined this dataset with 32 DNA sequences of the slowly evolving nuclear RAG1 and RAG2 genes. Morphological results place adzebills as the sister taxon of trumpeters (Psophia) within core Gruiformes and confirm strong support for a Kagu+Sunbittern sister group (99% bootstrap value). Results for analyses of the combined data were identical, and the adzebill+trumpeter clade was supported by a 99% Bayesian clade credibility value. Although the Kagu+Sunbittern sister group is consistent with recent molecular hypotheses, the adzebill+trumpeter group is novel.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1206/3927.1
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3419, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3419
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 13952 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 368 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 1134 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:368/0 |
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 3419
MorphoBank Project 3419
- Creation Date:
12 March 2019 - Publication Date:
03 May 2019 - Project views: 16727
- Media downloads: 2
- Matrix downloads: 67
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- University of Texas at Austin
- American Museum of Natural History
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | media notes | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||||||
Grace Musser Project Administrator | 40 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 368 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 13952 (13952, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Joel Cracraft Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M26030' (40 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Crypturellus undulatus undulatus Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 11 | 357 | 357 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] Tinamus solitarius Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 11 | 357 | 357 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] Lophura bulweri Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 8 | 360 | 360 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] Gallus varius Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 6 | 362 | 362 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] Gallus gallus Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 6 | 362 | 362 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] Gavia immer Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 7 | 361 | 361 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] Pygoscelis antarcticus Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 15 | 353 | 353 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] Spheniscus humboldti Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 14 | 354 | 354 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] Podiceps cristatus Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 5 | 363 | 363 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] Podiceps grisegena Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 5 | 363 | 363 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] Caprimulgus affinis griseatus Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 15 | 353 | 353 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] Eurostopodus argus Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 15 | 353 | 353 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] Eudromias ruficollis Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 7 | 361 | 361 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] Burhinus bistriatus Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 6 | 362 | 362 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] Charadrius hiaticula semipalmatus Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 8 | 360 | 360 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] Chionis alba Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 10 | 358 | 358 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] Opisthocomus hoazin Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 9 | 359 | 359 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] Phaethon aethereus Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 8 | 360 | 360 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] Psophia obscura Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 5 | 363 | 363 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] Aramus guarana Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 10 | 358 | 358 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] Balearica regulorum Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 9 | 359 | 359 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] Grus japonensis Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 9 | 359 | 359 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] Podica senegalensis Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 189 | 179 | 179 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] Sarothrura lugens Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 60 | 308 | 308 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] Mentocrex kioloides Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 7 | 361 | 361 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] Himantornis haematopus whitesidei Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 5 | 363 | 363 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] Gallirallus sp. Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 5 | 363 | 363 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] Canirallus oceleus batesi Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 6 | 362 | 362 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] Aramides cajanea Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 9 | 359 | 359 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] Rallus elegans Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 5 | 363 | 363 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] Gallinula chloropus Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 5 | 363 | 363 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] Fulica cornuta Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 4 | 364 | 364 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] Porphyrio hochstetteri Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 13 | 355 | 355 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] Eurypyga helias Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 6 | 362 | 362 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] Rhynochetos jubatus Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 13 | 355 | 355 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] † Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi Last Modified in 05/24/19 | 158 | 210 | 210 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] † Aptornis defossor Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 70 | 298 | 298 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] Cathartes burrovianus Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 5 | 363 | 363 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] Cariama cristata Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 7 | 361 | 361 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] Leptosomus discolor Last Modified in 04/20/19 | 2 | 366 | 366 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 16727 | |
Project overview | 1527 | |
Documents list | 796 | |
Bibliography | 646 | |
Taxon list | 7299 | |
Specimen list | 1507 | |
Views for media list | 929 | |
Media views | 2848 | Media search (2425 views); M660190 (423 views); |
Matrix views | 1175 | Matrix landing page (996 views); Morphological Matrix (170 views); (9 views); |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 251 | |
Project downloads | 174 | |
Media downloads | 2 | M660190 (2 downloads); |
Matrix downloads | 67 | Morphological Matrix (62 downloads); (5 downloads); |
Document downloads | 8 | Combined Data Matrix (4 downloads); Molecular Matrix (3 downloads); Character descriptions in PDF (1 download); |