Morphobank

Project 3521: M. R. Borths, N. J. Stevens. 2019. Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, ‘Creodonta,’ Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1):e1570222.

Specimen: † Simbakubwa (unvouchered)
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Abstract

Hyainailourine hyaenodonts are among the largest terrestrial carnivorous mammals known. The clade is widely dispersed, found in Eurasia, North America, and Afro-Arabia in the Paleogene and early Neogene. In this study, we describe dental and postcranial material from Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov., the most complete hyainailourine known from sub-Saharan Africa. The material is from a relatively young adult from the early Miocene locality of Meswa Bridge, Kenya. Simbakubwa differs from Hyainailouros in exhibiting lingually oriented molar protocones, gracile metastyles, and buccolingually compressed, shearing canines. Like other large Miocene hyainailourines, Simbakubwa has deep carnassial notches on the molars and tall paracones fused to shorter metacones forming single piercing cusps. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis recovers Simbakubwa as the sister taxon of a clade of large-bodied Miocene hyainailourines that includes Hyainailouros and Megistotherium. Bayesian ancestral state reconstruction supports an Afro-Arabian origin for Hyainailourinae with subsequent dispersal to Eurasia during the early Miocene. Regression analysis based on carnassial size is applied to Simbakubwa and closely related hyainailourines, recovering a body mass up to 1,500 kg for the new taxon. The evolution and extinction of Hyainailourinae offers important insights for interpreting ecological transitions from Paleogene to Neogene faunas in Afro-Arabia and Eurasia.

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Article DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222

Project DOI: 10.7934/P3521, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3521

This project contains	Matrices
1 Media 1 Matrix 93 Taxa 1 Specimen 156 Characters Total size of project's media files: 44.5k Download Project SDD File	Total scored cells: 7610 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0
	Characters
	Total characters: 156 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 382 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:137/19

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MorphoBank Project 3521

Creation Date:
29 August 2019
Publication Date:
26 September 2019
Matrix downloads: 32

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Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M26212' (93 Taxa)

taxon	unscored cells	scored cells	no cell support	NPA cells	"-" cells	cell images	labels on cell images	member access
[1] † Maelestes gobiensis Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	47	110	109	0	0	0	0	1
[2] † Altacreodus Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	67	96	89	0	0	0	0	1
[3] † Akhnatenavus leptognathus Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	72	84	84	0	0	0	0	1
[4] † Akhnatenavus nefertiticyon Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	59	97	97	0	0	0	0	1
[5] † Allopterodon torvidus Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	63	93	93	0	0	0	0	1
[6] † Anasinopa spp Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	54	102	102	0	0	0	0	1
[7] † Apterodon gaudryi Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	87	69	69	0	0	0	0	1
[8] † Apterodon langebadrae Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	46	110	110	0	0	0	0	1
[9] † Apterodon macrognathus Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	3	153	153	0	0	0	0	1
[10] † Arfia gingerichi Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	79	77	77	0	0	0	0	1
[11] † Arfia opisthotoma Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	65	91	91	0	0	0	0	1
[12] † Arfia shoshoniensis Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	59	97	97	0	0	0	0	1
[13] † Boritia duffaudi Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	101	55	55	0	0	0	0	1
[14] † Boualitomus Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	104	52	52	0	0	0	0	1
[15] † Brychotherium ephalmos Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	55	101	101	0	0	0	0	1
[16] † Buhakia spp. Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	99	57	56	0	0	0	0	1
[17] † Cynohyaenodon cayluxi Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	42	114	114	0	0	0	0	1
[18] † Cynohyaenodon trux Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	68	89	88	0	0	0	0	1
[19] † Dissopsalis carnifex Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	59	97	97	0	0	0	0	1
[20] † Dissopsalis pyroclasticus Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	70	86	86	0	0	0	0	1
[21] † Eoproviverra Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	109	47	47	0	0	0	0	1
[22] † Eurotherium matthesi Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	35	121	121	0	0	0	0	1
[23] † Eurotherium theriodis Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	49	107	107	0	0	0	0	1
[24] † Exiguodon pilgrimi Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	73	83	83	0	0	0	0	1
[25] † Falcatodon schlosseri Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	77	80	79	0	0	0	0	1
[26] † Furodon Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	84	72	72	0	0	0	0	1
[27] † Galecyon chronius Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	65	91	91	0	0	0	0	1
[28] † Galecyon mordax Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	88	69	68	0	0	0	0	1
[29] † Galecyon morloi Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	92	64	64	0	0	0	0	1
[30] † Galecyon peregrinus Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	108	49	48	0	0	0	0	1
[31] † Gazinocyon whiteae Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	53	103	103	0	0	0	0	1
[32] † Glibzegdouia Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	115	41	41	0	0	0	0	1
[33] † Hemipsalodon Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	49	107	107	0	0	0	0	1
[34] † Hyaenodon ergiliyndzo Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	38	118	118	0	0	0	0	1
[35] † Hyaenodon exiguus Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	46	110	110	0	0	0	0	1
[36] † Hyaenodon horridus Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	4	152	152	0	0	0	0	1
[37] † Hyaenodon minor Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	30	126	126	0	0	0	0	1
[38] † Hyaenodon neimongoliensis Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	80	77	76	0	0	0	0	1
[39] † Hyainailouros bugtiensis Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	96	60	60	0	0	0	0	1
[40] † Hyainailouros napakensis Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	130	26	26	0	0	0	0	1
[41] † Hyainailouros sulzeri Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	58	100	98	0	0	0	0	1
[42] † Arrisdrift hyainailourine Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	125	31	31	0	0	0	0	1
[43] † Indohyaenodon Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	66	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[44] † Isohyaenodon andrewsi Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	109	47	47	0	0	0	0	1
[45] † Isohyaenodon zadoki Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	98	58	58	0	0	0	0	1
[46] † Kerberos Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	37	119	119	0	0	0	0	1
[47] † Koholia Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	131	25	25	0	0	0	0	1
[48] † Kyawdawia Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	66	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[49] † Lahimia Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	123	33	33	0	0	0	0	1
[50] † Leakitherium hiwegi Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	60	96	96	0	0	0	0	1
[51] † Leonhardtina gracilis Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	55	102	101	0	0	0	0	1
[52] † Lesmesodon Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	88	68	68	0	0	0	0	1
[53] † Limnocyon verus Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	31	125	125	0	0	0	0	1
[54] † Masrasector aegypticum Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	122	34	34	0	0	0	0	1
[55] † Masrasector ligabuei Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	124	32	32	0	0	0	0	1
[56] † Masrasector nananubis Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	25	131	131	0	0	0	0	1
[57] † Matthodon tritens Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	88	68	68	0	0	0	0	1
[58] † Megistotherium Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	77	79	79	0	0	0	0	1
[59] † Metapterodon kaiseri Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	126	30	30	0	0	0	0	1
[60] † Metasinopa spp Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	61	95	95	0	0	0	0	1
[61] † Mlanyama sugu Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	117	39	39	0	0	0	0	1
[62] † Morlodon Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	79	77	77	0	0	0	0	1
[63] † Orienspterodon dahkoensis Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	77	79	79	0	0	0	0	1
[64] † Oxyaenoides bicuspidens Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	64	92	92	0	0	0	0	1
[65] † Oxyaenoides lindgreni Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	93	63	63	0	0	0	0	1
[66] † Paratritemnodon Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	70	86	86	0	0	0	0	1
[67] † Paroxyaena sp Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	58	99	98	0	0	0	0	1
[68] † Parvagula palulae Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	111	45	45	0	0	0	0	1
[69] † Parvavorodon Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	100	56	56	0	0	0	0	1
[70] † Preregidens langebadrae Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	109	47	47	0	0	0	0	1
[71] † Prolimnocyon atavus Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	47	109	109	0	0	0	0	1
[72] † Prolimnocyon chowi Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	106	50	50	0	0	0	0	1
[73] † Propterodon morrisi Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	69	87	87	0	0	0	0	1
[74] † Propterodon tongi Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	102	54	54	0	0	0	0	1
[75] † Prototomus minimus Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	78	78	78	0	0	0	0	1
[76] † Prototomus phobos Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	46	111	110	0	0	0	0	1
[77] † Proviverra Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	56	100	100	0	0	0	0	1
[78] † Pterodon africanus Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	47	109	109	0	0	0	0	1
[79] † Pterodon dasyuroides Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	29	128	127	0	0	0	0	1
[80] † Pterodon phiomensis Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	100	56	56	0	0	0	0	1
[81] † Pyrocyon strenuus Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	66	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[82] † Quasiapterodon Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	66	90	90	0	0	0	0	1
[83] † Quercytherium simplicidens Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	53	103	103	0	0	0	0	1
[84] † Quercytherium tenebrosum Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	71	86	85	0	0	0	0	1
[85] † Sectisodon markgrafi Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	128	28	28	0	0	0	0	1
[86] † Simbakubwa Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	74	82	82	0	0	0	0	1
[87] † Sinopa grangeri Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	21	136	135	0	0	0	0	1
[88] † Sinopa jilinia Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	112	44	44	0	0	0	0	1
[89] † Sivapterodon lahirii Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	133	23	23	0	0	0	0	1
[90] † Teratodon Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	74	82	82	0	0	0	0	1
[91] † Thinocyon Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	35	121	121	0	0	0	0	1
[92] † Tinerhodon Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	110	46	46	0	0	0	0	1
[93] † Tritemnodon agilis Taxon name last Modified on 09/26/19	28	128	128	0	0	0	0	1

Project downloads

type	number of downloads	Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
Total downloads from project	178
Project downloads	146
Matrix downloads	32	Data matrix (32 downloads);