Project 3685: L. Xing, J. K. O’Connor, L. Schmitz, L. M. Chiappe, R. C. McKellar, Q. Yi, G. Li. 2020. (RETRACTED) Hummingbird-sized dinosaur from the Cretaceous period of Myanmar. Nature. 579 (7798):245-249.
Abstract
The Article has been formally retracted by the authors: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2553-9Skeletal inclusions in approximately 99-million-year-old amber from northern Myanmar provide unprecedented insights into the soft tissue and skeletal anatomy of minute fauna, which are not typically preserved in other depositional environments1,2,3. Among a diversity of vertebrates, seven specimens that preserve the skeletal remains of enantiornithine birds have previously been described1,4,5,6,7,8, all of which (including at least one seemingly mature specimen) are smaller than specimens recovered from lithic materials. Here we describe an exceptionally well-preserved and diminutive bird-like skull that documents a new species, which we name Oculudentavis khaungraae gen. et sp. nov. The find appears to represent the smallest known dinosaur of the Mesozoic era, rivalling the bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae)—the smallest living bird—in size. The O. khaungraae specimen preserves features that hint at miniaturization constraints, including a unique pattern of cranial fusion and an autapomorphic ocular morphology9 that resembles the eyes of lizards. The conically arranged scleral ossicles define a small pupil, indicative of diurnal activity. Miniaturization most commonly arises in isolated environments, and the diminutive size of Oculudentavis is therefore consistent with previous suggestions that this amber formed on an island within the Trans-Tethyan arc10. The size and morphology of this species suggest a previously unknown bauplan, and a previously undetected ecology. This discovery highlights the potential of amber deposits to reveal the lowest limits of vertebrate body size.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2068-4
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3685, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3685
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 4968 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 257 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 619 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:0/257 |
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MorphoBank Project 3685
MorphoBank Project 3685
- Creation Date:
31 March 2020 - Publication Date:
22 April 2020 - Project views: 13445
- Matrix downloads: 9
Authors' Institutions
- Royal Saskatchewan Museum, Regina
- Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), CAS
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
- China University of Geosciences
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences
- Claremont Colleges
- University of Regina
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 37 | 1 | 1 | 257 | 0 | 0 | 4968 (4968, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Jingmai O’Connor Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M26553' (37 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Dromaeosauridae Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 15 | 251 | 242 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Archaeopteryx Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 56 | 201 | 201 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Jeholornis prima Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 102 | 159 | 155 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Sapeornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 83 | 176 | 174 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Confuciusornis sanctus Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 33 | 227 | 224 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] † Changchengornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 151 | 108 | 106 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Eoconfuciusornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 137 | 123 | 120 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Oculudentavis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 226 | 31 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Cathyaornis yandica Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 131 | 133 | 126 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Concornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 161 | 100 | 96 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Elsornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 182 | 82 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Eoalulavis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 171 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] † Eocathayornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 192 | 67 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] † Eoenantiornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 160 | 104 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] † Gobipteryx n valifanovi Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 158 | 106 | 99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] † Iberomesornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 189 | 74 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] † Longipteryx Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 103 | 161 | 154 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Longirostravis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 148 | 117 | 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] † Protopteryx Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 161 | 102 | 96 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] † Rapaxavis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 120 | 144 | 137 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] † Shanweiniao Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 179 | 90 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] † Shenqiornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 145 | 120 | 112 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † Eopengornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 134 | 126 | 123 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Pengornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 136 | 129 | 121 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] † Enantiophoenix Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 229 | 30 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] † Halimornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 229 | 29 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] † Neuquenornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 189 | 72 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] † Archaeorhynchus Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 130 | 135 | 127 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] † Apsaravis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 110 | 151 | 147 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] † Yanornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 101 | 160 | 156 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] † Patagopteryx Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 106 | 152 | 151 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] † Gansus yumenensis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 82 | 177 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] † Longicrusavis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 117 | 144 | 140 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] † Ichthyornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 38 | 222 | 219 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] † Hesperornis Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 76 | 181 | 181 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] Anas Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 8 | 249 | 249 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] Gallus Last Modified in 03/31/20 | 8 | 249 | 249 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 13445 | |
Project overview | 1316 | |
Matrix views | 681 | Morphological Matrix from Xing et al 2020 (prepared by MorphoBank curators from original submission) (89 views); Matrix landing page (592 views); |
Documents list | 584 | |
Bibliography | 491 | |
Media views | 2475 | Media search (2000 views); M687223 (475 views); |
Views for media list | 825 | |
Specimen list | 1312 | |
Taxon list | 5761 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 131 | |
Matrix downloads | 9 | Morphological Matrix from Xing et al 2020 (prepared by MorphoBank curators from original submission) (9 downloads); |
Project downloads | 121 | |
Document downloads | 1 | Character list (1 download); |