Project 3687: J. Atterholt, J. H. Hutchison, J. K. O’Connor. 2018. The most complete enantiornithine from North America and a phylogenetic analysis of the Avisauridae. PeerJ. 6:e5910.
Abstract
The most complete known North American enantiornithine was collected in 1992 but never formally described. The so-called “Kaiparowits avisaurid” remains one of the most exceptional Late Cretaceous enantiornithine fossils. We recognize this specimen as a new taxon, Mirarce eatoni (gen. et sp. nov.), and provide a complete anatomical description. We maintain that the specimen is referable to the Avisauridae, a clade previously only known in North America from isolated tarsometatarsi. Information from this specimen helps to clarify evolutionary trends within the Enantiornithes. Its large body size supports previously observed trends toward larger body mass in the Late Cretaceous. However, trends toward increased fusion of compound elements across the clade as a whole are weak compared to the Ornithuromorpha. The new specimen reveals for the first time the presence of remige papillae in the enantiornithines, indicating this feature was evolved in parallel to dromaeosaurids and derived ornithuromorphs. Although morphology of the pygostyle and (to a lesser degree) the coracoid and manus appear to remain fairly static during the 65 million years plus of enantiornithine evolution, by the end of the Mesozoic at least some enantiornithine birds had evolved several features convergent with the Neornithes including a deeply keeled sternum, a narrow furcula with a short hypocleidium, and ulnar quill knobs—all features that indicate refinement of the flight apparatus and increased aerial abilities. We conduct the first cladistic analysis to include all purported avisuarid enantiornithines, recovering an Avisauridae consisting of a dichotomy between North and South American taxa. Based on morphological observations and supported by cladistic analysis, we demonstrate Avisaurus to be paraphyletic and erect a new genus for “A. gloriae,” Gettyia gen. nov.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5910
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3687, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3687
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 5112 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 252 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 605 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:215/37 |
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MorphoBank Project 3687
MorphoBank Project 3687
- Creation Date:
01 April 2020 - Publication Date:
22 April 2020 - Project views: 12410
- Media downloads: 1
- Matrix downloads: 4
Authors' Institutions
- University of California Berkeley
- Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), CAS
- Raymond Alf Museum of Paleontology (The Webb Schools)
- Western University of Health Sciences
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 43 | 1 | 1 | 252 | 0 | 0 | 5112 (5112, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Jessie Atterholt Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M26880' (43 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Dromaeosauridae Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 15 | 245 | 237 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] Archaeopteryx Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 56 | 196 | 196 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] Jeholornis prima Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 101 | 155 | 151 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] Sapeornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 83 | 171 | 169 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] Confuciusornis sanctus Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 30 | 225 | 222 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] Changchengornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 147 | 107 | 105 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] Eoconfuciusornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 134 | 121 | 118 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] Cathyaornis yandica Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 128 | 131 | 124 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] Concornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 156 | 100 | 96 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] Elsornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 177 | 82 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] Eoalulavis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 166 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] Eocathayornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 189 | 65 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] Eoenantiornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 157 | 102 | 95 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] Gobipteryx n valifanovi Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 153 | 106 | 99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] Iberomesornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 184 | 74 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] Longipteryx Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 102 | 157 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] Longirostravis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 146 | 114 | 106 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] Protopteryx Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 157 | 101 | 95 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] Rapaxavis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 118 | 141 | 134 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] Shanweiniao Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 175 | 89 | 77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] Shenqiornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 143 | 117 | 109 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] Eopengornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 132 | 123 | 120 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] Pengornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 135 | 125 | 117 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Avisaurus archibaldi Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 228 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] A gloriae Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 228 | 26 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] Kaiparowits Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 154 | 102 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] Soroavisaurus Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 217 | 35 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] Intiornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 237 | 16 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] Bauxitornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 232 | 22 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] Enantiophoenix Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 224 | 30 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] Halimornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 224 | 29 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] Neuquenornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 184 | 72 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] Mystiornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 229 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] Archaeorhynchus Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 126 | 134 | 126 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] Apsaravis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 105 | 151 | 147 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] Yanornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 100 | 156 | 152 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] Patagopteryx Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 101 | 152 | 151 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] Gansus yumenensis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 77 | 177 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] Longicrusavis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 113 | 143 | 139 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] Ichthyornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 38 | 217 | 214 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] Hesperornis Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 76 | 176 | 176 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] Anas Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 5 | 247 | 247 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] Gallus Last Modified in 07/31/20 | 5 | 247 | 247 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 12410 | |
Project overview | 871 | |
Matrix views | 645 | (10 views); Matrix landing page (572 views); Matrix from Atterholt et al 2018 (prepared by MorphoBank curators from original submission) (63 views); |
Taxon list | 5847 | |
Media views | 2200 | Media search (1869 views); M687271 (331 views); |
Bibliography | 463 | |
Documents list | 575 | |
Specimen list | 1156 | |
Views for media list | 653 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 108 | |
Project downloads | 103 | |
Media downloads | 1 | M687271 (1 download); |
Matrix downloads | 4 | Matrix from Atterholt et al 2018 (prepared by MorphoBank curators from original submission) (4 downloads); |