Project 3716: L. Martins, C. Souto, M. Tavares. 2020. Exploring the macrostructural anatomy of dendrochirotid sea cucumber’s (Echinodermata) calcareous rings under micro‐computed tomography and its bearing on phylogeny. Journal of Anatomy. Early View:null.
Abstract
Despite descending from heavily calcified ancestors, the holothuroid skeleton is fully internal and composed of microscopic ossicles and a ring of plates bound by connective tissue, the calcareous ring. The calcareous ring exhibits a complex and poorly understood morphology; as a result, establishing unambiguous homology statements about its macrostructure has been challenging and phylogenetic studies have had to simplify this important structure. Here, we provide the first broad comparative study of Dendrochirotida calcareous rings using micro‐computed tomography (μCT). A detailed description of the three‐dimensional macrostructure of the calcareous ring of 10 sea cucumber species, including rare and type specimens, is presented. The structures observed were highly variable at the subfamily level, especially at the point of tissue attachment. The relationship between the calcareous ring and its associated organs, and their functional morphology are discussed. To aid future phylogenetic studies, we listed 22 characters and performed a preliminary cladistic analysis. The topology obtained supports the idea that the simple, cucumariid ring is ancestral to the mosaic‐like phyllophorid ring; however, it did not support the monophyly of the cucumariids. It also did not support the family Sclerodactylidae, which was described based on the ring morphology. Differently from the dermal ossicles, which are highly homoplastic, the general homoplasy index of the calcareous ring characters was relatively low. This result highlights the importance of this structure for phylogenetic inference. Unfortunately, time since collection, rough collection methods and fixation can damage the skeleton, and the calcareous ring is often overlooked in taxonomic descriptions. The data presented here will improve our understanding of holothuroid relationships and facilitate studies on holothuroid functional morphology and biomechanics.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1111/joa.13385
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3716, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3716
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 263 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 22 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 56 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:22/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 3716
MorphoBank Project 3716
- Creation Date:
23 April 2020 - Publication Date:
29 December 2020 - Media downloads: 1
- Matrix downloads: 2
Authors' Institutions
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
- Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP, University of Sao Paulo)
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | media notes | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Camilla Souto Project Administrator | 14 | 10 | 21 | 19 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 263 (252, 0, 11) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Luciana Martins Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M26955' (12 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Chiridota rotifera Taxon name last Modified on 10/01/20 | 0 | 19 | 19 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] Paracaudina chilensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/01/20 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] Thyonidium seguroensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/01/20 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] Parathyone braziliensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/01/20 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] Cucumaria solangeae Taxon name last Modified on 10/01/20 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] Euthyonidiella kyushuensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/01/20 | 0 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] Temparena chuni Taxon name last Modified on 10/01/20 | 1 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] Coronatum baiensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/01/20 | 0 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] Anthrochirus loui Taxon name last Modified on 10/01/20 | 0 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] Pentadactyla longidentis Taxon name last Modified on 10/01/20 | 0 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] Stolus cognatus Taxon name last Modified on 10/01/20 | 0 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] Thyone crassidisca Taxon name last Modified on 10/01/20 | 0 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 73 | |
Project downloads | 70 | |
Matrix downloads | 2 | Phylogeny calcareous ring Dendrochirotida (2 downloads); |
Media downloads | 1 | M687540 (1 download); |