Project 3760: J. Wang, J. R. Wible, B. Guo, S. L. Shelley, H. Hu, S. Bi. 2021. A monotreme-like auditory apparatus in a Middle Jurassic haramiyidan. Nature. 590 (7845):279-283.
Abstract
Among extant vertebrates, mammals are distinguished by having a chain of three auditory ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes) that transduce sound waves and promote an increased range of audible, especially high frequencies1. In contrast, the homologous bones in early fossil mammals and relatives also functioned in chewing through their bony attachments to the lower jaw2 (Fig. 1a,b). Recent discoveries of well-preserved Mesozoic mammals have provided glimpses into the transition from the dual (masticatory and auditory) to the single auditory function for the ossicles, which is now widely accepted to have occurred at least three times in mammal evolution3–6. Here we report a new haramiyidan from the Middle Jurassic (160 my) with remarkable preservation of the malleus, incus and ectotympanic (which supports the tympanic membrane) (Fig. 2) and compare it with other Mesozoic and extant mammals. We propose that the overlapping incudomallear articulation found in this and other Mesozoic fossils, in extant monotremes, and in early ontogeny in extant marsupials and placentals is a novel morphology that evolved in multiple groups of mammals in the transition from the dual to single function for the ossicles.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03137-z
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3760, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3760
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File ![]() | Total scored cells: 33392 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 509 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 1373 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:509/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 3760
MorphoBank Project 3760
- Creation Date:
23 June 2020 - Publication Date:
24 November 2020 - Project views: 7465
- Media downloads: 1
- Matrix downloads: 18
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- University of New England
- Yunnan University
- Carnegie Museum of Natural History
- Indiana University of Pennsylvania
- Inner Mongolia Museum of Natural History
Members
member name | taxa ![]() |
specimens ![]() |
media ![]() | chars ![]() | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules ![]() | ||||||||
Shundong Bi Project Administrator | 134 | 1 | 1 | 509 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33392 (33384, 0, 8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
John Wible Full membership ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27089' (130 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells ![]() |
no cell support ![]() |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Thrinaxodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 180 | 329 | 329 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[2] Massetognathus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 245 | 264 | 264 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[3] Probainognathus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 266 | 243 | 243 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[4] Tritylodontids Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 140 | 372 | 369 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[5] Pachygenelus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 209 | 300 | 300 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[6] Adelobasileus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 418 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[7] Sinoconodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 169 | 341 | 340 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[8] Morganucodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 116 | 401 | 393 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[9] Megazostrodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 145 | 364 | 364 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[10] Haldanodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 188 | 321 | 321 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[11] Castorocauda Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 286 | 223 | 223 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[12] Eleutherodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 452 | 57 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[13] Sineleutherus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 456 | 54 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[14] Millsodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 483 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[15] Thomasia Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 445 | 64 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[16] Haramiyavia Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 391 | 118 | 118 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[17] Adalatherium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 267 | 243 | 242 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[18] Vintana Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 369 | 140 | 140 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[19] Vilevolodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 203 | 309 | 306 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[20] Maiopatagium furculiferum Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 320 | 190 | 189 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[21] Maiopatagium sibiricum Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 485 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[22] Cryoharamiya Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 493 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[23] Cifelliodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 399 | 110 | 110 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[24] Arboroharamiya jenkinsi Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 330 | 179 | 179 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[25] Arboroharamiya allinhopsoni Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 243 | 271 | 266 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[26] Xianshou linglong Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 289 | 222 | 220 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[27] Xianshou songae Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 300 | 211 | 209 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[28] Shenshou Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 239 | 272 | 270 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[29] Sharypovoia arimasporum Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 454 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[30] Sharypovoia magna Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 493 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[31] Qishou Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 232 | 280 | 277 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[32] Rugosodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 257 | 252 | 252 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[33] Kuehneodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 374 | 136 | 135 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[34] Sinobaatar Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 233 | 277 | 276 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[35] Jeholbaatar Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 209 | 300 | 300 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[36] Plagiaulacids Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 269 | 245 | 240 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[37] Cimolodontans Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 103 | 435 | 406 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[38] Hadrocodium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 250 | 259 | 259 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[39] Shuotherium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 386 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[40] Pseudotribos Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 315 | 194 | 194 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[41] Asfaltomylos Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 410 | 99 | 99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[42] Ambondro Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 431 | 78 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[43] Ausktribosphenos Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 393 | 116 | 116 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[44] Bishops Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 393 | 116 | 116 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[45] Teinolophos Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 396 | 114 | 113 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[46] Steropodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 436 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[47] Obdurodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 268 | 241 | 241 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[48] Ornithorhynchus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 137 | 376 | 372 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[49] Tachyglossus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 189 | 322 | 320 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[50] Fruitafossor Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 320 | 189 | 189 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[51] Gobiconodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 134 | 376 | 375 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[52] Repenomamus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 126 | 383 | 383 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[53] Amphilestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 406 | 103 | 103 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[54] Yanoconodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 212 | 297 | 297 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[55] Liaoconodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 196 | 319 | 313 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[56] Jeholodens Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 192 | 317 | 317 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[57] Trioracodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 351 | 159 | 158 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[58] Priacodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 307 | 203 | 202 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[59] Tinodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 406 | 104 | 103 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[60] Akidolestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 212 | 297 | 297 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[61] Spalacotherium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 351 | 158 | 158 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[62] Zhangheotherium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 149 | 360 | 360 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[63] Origolestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 105 | 417 | 404 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[64] Maotherium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 147 | 364 | 362 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[65] Dryolestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 329 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[66] Henkelotherium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 259 | 250 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[67] Amphitherium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 362 | 147 | 147 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[68] Peramus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 341 | 170 | 168 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[69] Vincelestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 100 | 411 | 409 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[70] Nanolestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 358 | 151 | 151 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[71] Kielantherium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 361 | 146 | 145 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[72] Aegialodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 449 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[73] Montanalestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 391 | 118 | 118 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[74] Prokennalestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 287 | 224 | 222 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[75] Murtoilestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 416 | 93 | 93 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[76] Eomaia Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 178 | 331 | 331 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[77] Juramaia Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 311 | 193 | 193 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[78] Kennalestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 202 | 309 | 307 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[79] Asioryctes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 125 | 384 | 384 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[80] Ukhaatherium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 207 | 302 | 302 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[81] Zalambdalestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 83 | 434 | 426 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[82] Daulestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 264 | 246 | 245 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[83] Aspanlestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 365 | 144 | 144 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[84] Eoungulatum Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 384 | 125 | 125 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[85] Cimolestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 335 | 174 | 174 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[86] Gypsonictops Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 338 | 171 | 171 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[87] Protungulatum Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 283 | 227 | 226 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[88] Erinaceus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 46 | 464 | 463 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[89] Leptictis Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 81 | 428 | 428 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[90] Canis Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 56 | 454 | 453 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[91] Felis Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 61 | 448 | 448 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[92] Rattus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 105 | 404 | 404 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[93] Oryctolagus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 92 | 417 | 417 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[94] Bradypus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 178 | 332 | 331 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[95] Tamandua Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 213 | 296 | 296 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[96] Glyptotherium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 186 | 323 | 323 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[97] Dasypus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 173 | 337 | 336 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[98] Chaetophractus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 174 | 337 | 335 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[99] Euphractus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 174 | 337 | 335 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[100] Holoclemensia Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 406 | 103 | 103 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[101] Sinodelphys Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 250 | 260 | 259 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[102] Ambolestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 186 | 323 | 323 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[103] Deltatheridium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 220 | 291 | 289 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[104] Atokatheridium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 413 | 96 | 96 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[105] Sulestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 323 | 186 | 186 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[106] Asiatherium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 185 | 325 | 324 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[107] Kokopellia Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 358 | 152 | 151 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[108] Anchistodelphys Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 413 | 96 | 96 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[109] Albertatherium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 449 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[110] Didelphodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 271 | 238 | 238 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[111] Pediomys Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 304 | 205 | 205 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[112] Turgidodon Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 325 | 184 | 184 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[113] Mayulestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 108 | 401 | 401 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[114] Pucadelphys Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 86 | 423 | 423 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[115] Andinodelphys Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 204 | 305 | 305 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[116] Didelphis Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 43 | 468 | 466 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[117] Marmosa Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 42 | 467 | 467 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[118] Caenolestes Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 75 | 434 | 434 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[119] Dasyurus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 47 | 463 | 462 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[120] Perameles Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 70 | 439 | 439 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[121] Dromiciops Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 50 | 459 | 459 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[122] Thylacomyidae Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 151 | 358 | 358 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[123] Macropus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 77 | 434 | 432 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[124] Acrobates Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 78 | 431 | 431 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[125] Phascolarctos Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 79 | 430 | 430 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[126] Vombatus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 80 | 429 | 429 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[127] Phalanger Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 74 | 435 | 435 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[128] Pseudocheirus Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 76 | 433 | 433 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[129] Petauroides Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 76 | 433 | 433 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[130] Volaticotherium Last Modified in 11/23/20 | 364 | 148 | 145 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
Project views 
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 7465 | |
Project overview | 601 | |
Matrix views | 409 | Matrix landing page (331 views); A monotreme-like auditory apparatus in a Middle Jurassic haramiyidan (78 views); |
Specimen list | 551 | |
Taxon list | 4031 | |
Bibliography | 205 | |
Media views | 1099 | Media search (930 views); M737894 (169 views); |
Views for media list | 323 | |
Documents list | 246 |
Project downloads 
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 85 | |
Matrix downloads | 18 | A monotreme-like auditory apparatus in a Middle Jurassic haramiyidan (18 downloads); |
Project downloads | 64 | |
Media downloads | 1 | M737894 (1 download); |
Document downloads | 2 | Complete character list in pdf format (2 downloads); |